智能材料MFC驱动双稳态板的跳变特性研究

智能可变形结构能感知周围环境的变化并做出适当的反应,其主要原理是利用智能材料层产生应变以达到驱动主体结构发生变形。含有智能材料压电纤维MFC的双稳态复合材料层合板可以通过智能驱动实时调整主体结构的形状,实现稳态构型之间的跳变。本文对中心点固支的MFC压电智能驱动双稳态复合材料层合板的稳态构型、跳变规律及其影响因素进行了系统地研究。研究内容主要包括：含MFC的双稳态层合板的稳态构型、分叉行为和驱动跳变分析。利用理论模型分析了层合板的长宽比、厚度尺寸、铺层方式和MFC粘贴位置对双稳态板分叉行为的影响,并预测了双稳态层合板的临界尺寸以及驱动跳变的临界电压。双稳态板的跳变是一个大变形的非线性行为,实现和控制跳变行为的研究是其应用的基础。本文的研究结果为新型压电材料驱动双稳态板的结构设计提供了一定的理论参考。     

基于LQG最优控制法的压电智能结构独立模态空间控制

采用压电材料作为传感器和驱动器对智能结构振动主动控制进行研究,基于机电耦合的压电智能结构传感和驱动方程,将振动控制动力学方程变换到模态空间对方程进行解耦。通过计算结构最大应变,确定压电元件的最佳粘贴位置。考虑到系统过程噪声和量测噪声的影响,设计Kalman滤波器,采用基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)最优控制的独立模态空间控制方法对压电智能结构的振动进行控制。最后以压电智能悬臂梁为例进行控制仿真,验证了此方法的有效性。     

DAP增强梁结构形状控制的机理研究

对称粘贴在梁结构上下表面上的压电元件在外部电场的作用下能使梁结构发生弯曲变形，通过分析驱动构件与结构中的应变分布，采用定向固定的压电元件(DAP，即directional attached piezoelectric)来代替传统的压电元件(CAP，即conventional attached piezoelectric)，减小了驱动构件的横向效应，提高了压电驱动的效率，并进行了实验对比验证。     

压电智能梁的阻抗分析与损伤识别

压电陶瓷具有正、逆压电效应,可以用作自驱动传感器．该文对表面粘贴有单片压电陶瓷的压电智能钢梁进行了阻抗分析．讨论了单压电片驱动下钢粱的纵向振动和弯曲振动,得到了压电智能梁的机械阻抗．介绍了压电片与基梁的机电耦合作用及基于压电阻抗技术的结构损伤识别机理．以两端自由钢梁为例对压电智能梁的压电阻抗进行了数值与实验验证,结果表明数值计算结果与实验结果基本相符．利用压电阻抗技术对两端自由的裂纹钢梁进行了损伤识别实验研究,实验结果发现,裂纹的出现引起高频段压电阻抗实部和虚部曲线出现了明显的变化;随着裂纹尺寸的增大,曲线谐振频率和反谐振频率逐渐减小．由此可见,通过测量钢梁损伤前后压电陶瓷片的电阻抗变化能够识别梁中的裂纹损伤．     

层状压电智能梁板结构的形状最优控制研究

基于压电层合结构的有限元方程,采用零阶逼近优化和一阶梯度优化算法,运用ANSYS/APDL语言,编制了力-电耦合有限元优化分析程序.运用该程序,对一单压电片和多压电片埋置的三层梁和一压电片粘贴于结构表面的三层板进行建模,以结构的几何尺寸或驱动电压为设计变量,实现梁板结构的单点和多点形状最优控制设计.对比两种优化方法的计算结果,吻合良好,验证了程序的有效性.本文的计算理论和方法可以为复杂压电层合智能结构的主被动控制设计提供参考.     

热载荷下压电复合板有限元建模与形变控制

热载荷是引起在轨空间结构形变的重要因素之一，采用压电材料对结构热变形进行主动补 偿，需要建立热、电、力场相互耦合的动力学模型. 基于高阶位移场、高阶电势分布和线性 温度模型，推导了压电复合板结构的热、电、力场耦合的高阶有限元模型. 通过对压电双晶 片梁的分析，得到了压电片中电势沿厚度方向的抛物线型分布，而非通常文献中假设的线性 化分布模型的结果. 针对表面粘贴压电片的压电复合板，计算了热载荷作用下压电复合板的变形、 传感器的电压以及主动补偿后的结构变形，与文献给出的结果基本一致，验证了模型的正 确性. 同时还指出热电效应对结构变形和传感器电压具有十分重要的影响.     

具损伤压电智能层合板的动力分析

基于应变能等效原理、高阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton变分原理,考虑复合材料铺设层内的损伤效应,建立了具损伤压电智能层合板的运动控制方程,并运用Galerkin方法进行求解.数值算例中,讨论了损伤效应、厚跨比及压电层厚度与层合板总厚度之比对四边简支压电智能层合板自由振动频率的影响和外部控制电压对其动力响应的影响.     

双层纤维压电智能薄板几何非线性建模与分析

纤维压电MFC(Micro-Fiber Composite)的强致动力和高柔性等特点具有广泛的应用前景,但是材料组成结构复杂给建模带来了难处。基于Reissner-Mindlin假设,采用冯卡门非线性、中等转角及大转角几何非线性等理论,建立了MFC压电智能结构的多种几何非线性有限元模型。同时该模型考虑了压电纤维角度变化对结构形变的影响。分别对两种不同结构的MFC进行了建模与仿真,分别是MFC-d31和MFC-d33,前一种主要利用压电d31效应,而后一种主要利用压电d33效应。随后,通过一压电悬臂梁结构实验数据验证了模型的准确性。最后,利用所建模型对一种双层纤维压电智能薄板结构进行了几何非线性的计算与仿真。     

旋转功能梯度智能结构的刚-柔耦合动力学分析

基于一次耦合模型理论建立了中心刚体-压电层-功能梯度材料智能梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型．研究了开环状态下将压电材料作为传感器的压电效应和质量刚度效应对系统动力学特性的影响．通过仿真算例与另两种不同建模理论（传统零次近似耦合模型、一次近似耦合模型）作了对比．随着中心刚体外驱动力矩的增大,零次近似耦合模型和一次近似耦合模型计算结果逐渐发散,而本文的一次耦合模型的计算结果始终保持收敛,较其他近似耦合模型具有一定优势．对三种不同的结构的计算结果表明,压电材料的压电效应对系统的动力学特性影响显著,压电材料的质量刚度效应也会影响智能梁的动力学行为,前者比后者的影响大得多．此外,功能梯度材料功能梯度指数对系统动力学特性的影响也较大．     

界面特性对功能梯度智能梁静动态响应的影响研究

采用状态空间法分析了两边简支的含压电夹层的功能梯度梁的静力弯曲和自由振动问题．为了考虑中间压电层与上、下功能梯度层之间的粘结效果,采用线性弹簧模型以模拟界面性能．假设上下功能梯度层的材料参数沿厚度连续变化,而压电层则是均匀材料,并且它们都是正交各向异性的．由于功能梯度梁的不均匀性使得直接求解比较困难,文中用层合模型来进行近似．数值算例中,分别考虑了压电层用于传感器或作动器的情形,分析了粘结界面完美程度对组合梁静力弯曲和自由振动频率的影响．     

A new two-dimensional model for electro-mechanical response of thick laminated piezoelectric actuator

This paper investigates the electro-mechanical behaviour of a thick, laminated actuator with piezoelectric and isotropic lamina under externally applied electric loading using a new two-dimensional computational model. The elastic core is relatively thick and thus it is modelled by Timoshenko thick-beam theory. Although the piezoelectric lamina is a beam-like layer, it is formulated via a two-dimensional model because of not only the strong electro-mechanical coupling, but also of the presence of a two-dimensional electric field. It is shown in this paper that a one-dimensional model for the piezoelectric beam-like layer is inadequate. The piezoelectric model is constructed within the scope of linear piezoelectricity. The actuation response is induced through the application of external electric voltage. Under the strong coupling of elasticity and electricity, the strain energy and work of electric potential are presented. The electro-mechanical response of the laminated Timoshenko beam is formulated and determined via a variational energy principle. Numerical examples presented illustrate convincing comparison with finite element solutions and existing published data. New numerical solutions are also presented to investigate the geometric effect on the electro-mechanical bending behaviour.     

Development, modeling and deflection analysis of hybrid micro actuator with integrated thermal and piezoelectric actuation

Micro actuators are irreplaceable part of motion control in minimized systems. The current study presents an analytical model for a new Hybrid Thermo Piezoelectric micro actuator based on the combination of piezoelectric and thermal actuation mechanisms. The micro actuator structure is a double PZT cantilever beam consisting of two arms with different lengths. The presented micro actuator uses the structure of electrothermal micro actuator in which polysilicon material is replaced by PZT. Also the voltage and poling directions are considered in the lengthwise of PZT beams. As a result, the piezoelectric actuation mechanism is based on d ₃₃ strain coefficient. The tip deflection of micro actuator is obtained using Timoshenko beam theory. Analytical results are compared with FEM results along with other reported results in the literature. The effects of geometrical parameters and PZT material constants on actuator tip deflection are studied to provide an efficient optimization of HTP micro actuator.     

A continuum based modelling approach for adhesively bonded piezo-transducers for EMI technique

In the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique, which is based on induced strain actuation through piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) patch, the knowledge of shear stress distribution in the adhesive bond layer between the patch and the host structure is very pertinent for reliable health monitoring of structures. The analytical derivation of continuum based shear lag model covered in this paper aims to provide an improved and more accurate model for shear force interaction between the host structure and the PZT patch (assumed square for simplicity) through the adhesive bond layer, taking care of all the piezo, structural and adhesive effects rigorously and simultaneously. Further, it eliminates the hassle of determining the equivalent impedance of the structure and the actuator separately, as required in the previous models, which was approximate in nature. The results are compared with the previous models to highlight the higher accuracy of the new approach. Based on the new model, a continuum based interaction term has been derived for quantification of the shear lag and inertia effects.     

Analysis of Beams with Piezoelectric Actuators

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｐｉｅｚｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｉｎｓｍａｒｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ,ｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｐｒｏｂｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍａｓａｃｔｕａｔｏｒｓａｎｄｓｅｎｓｏｒｓ[1].Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆｐｉｅｚｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｃｔｕａｔｏｒｓｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｓｕｒｆａ…     

压电智能环形板的主动控制

对在不同位置粘有任意多组压电传感器和压电执行器的轴对称弹性环形薄板的振动控制进行了研究．根据压电执行元件的等效作用量得到了压电智能环板的振动控制方程和传感方程,再利用分离变量法以及由传感器测得的电量和作用在执行器上电压之间的控制模式得到振动方程的全解．实行了对整体结构的主动控制．对不同的压电片布置进行了数值计算．结果表明：当离散分布压电元件布置越密,振动衰减的效果越佳     

扁壳结构弯曲与扭转振动控制试验研究

扁壳结构的弯曲与扭转振动控制对该类结构的应用具有重要意义。本文采用不影响壳体结构的粗压电纤维复合材料(MFC)作动器对其弯曲与扭转振动进行主动控制。建立局部表面粘贴MFC作动器的开口圆柱扁壳的动力学解析模型,得到了作动力和作动力矩的解析表达式,分析了扁壳结构上MFC作动器在弯曲与扭转振动控制中的作动机理。针对一开口碳纤维圆柱扁壳,设计了模糊PD控制器,开展了定频与随机激励下壳体弯曲与扭转振动控制试验,并与传统PD控制试验效果进行了对比。结果表明:MFC作动器在壳体弯曲和扭转振动控制方面作动能力突出;模糊PD控制器的控制效果优于传统PD控制器的控制效果。     

Distributed piezoelectric actuation of a bistable buckled beam

Bistable structures, such as buckled beams or plates, are characterized by a two-well potential. Their nonlinear properties are currently exploited in actuators design (e.g. MEMS micropumps, switches, memory cells) to produce relatively high displacements and forces with low actuation energies. We investigate the use of distributed multiparameter actuation to control the buckling and postbuckling behavior of a three-layer piezoelectric beam pinned at either end. A two-parameter bending actuation controls the transversal motion, whilst an axial actuation and a beam end-shortening modulate the tangent bending stiffness. The postbuckling behavior is studied by reducing to a 2 dof system a nonlinear extensible elastica model. When the bending actuation is spatially symmetric, the postbuckling phenomena are analogue to those obtained for a transversal midspan force, being characterized by a snap-through instability. The use of a two-parameter actuation opens new transition scenarios, where it is possible to get true quasi-static transitions between the two specular equilibria of the buckled beam, without any instability phenomenon. The efficiencies of these different transition paths are discussed in terms of energetic requirements and stability properties. A numerical example shows the technical feasibility of the proposed actuation technique.     

采用压电机敏元件进行结构振动控制Ⅲ：控制系统设计与实验研究

采用作者在上篇导出的压电耦合体动力学模型，给出了压电主动阻尼控制系统的设计方法；导出了压电耦合梁系统的作动方程和检测方程的显式表达式。以此为基础，以简单梁为对象，对压电检测器和作动器的性能、粘结层的影响、压电主动阻尼控制及压电主、被动阻尼双控制进行了实验研究     

用压电材料进行损伤鉴别的理论与数值分析

对压电材料用于损伤监测的理论和数值分析做了一些研究。首先,设计了一种用压电材料进行损伤监测的模型。然后,对这个模型进行分析,找出简单有效的解答办法,将求解过程分解为断裂力学分析和压电分析两部分,并通过适当的假设,进行了详细的理论推导。通过正电有限元程序进行仿真计算,将数值计算结果与理论解进行比较以验证提出理论的正确性,并分析得到了裂纹参数与压电层表面电势变化之间的关系和普通弹性材料泊松比对波峰参数的影响。最后,用提出的方法验算了两个例题。从结果来看,理论结果和数值结果非常接近。