常德-张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价

结合常德—张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD—160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究—反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。     

胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究

地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。     

饱和砂土液化研究进展

首先对20世纪90年代以前有关饱和砂土液化的研究工作进行了简要回顾,然后重点对近期液化的离心机实验研究、液化引起的地面大位移及对结构物的破坏等进行了综述.同时也对液化的判别方法、粉砂液化、静态液化等进行了评述.认为今后的研究重点是液化引起的地面大位移及对结构物的破坏等,其中涉及到结构与土的耦合问题、流变体(液化区域内的砂土)和固体(未液化区域的砂土)耦合及演变的问题,需要多学科(岩土力学、数值分析、流体力学、结构力学等)的研究人员共同研究.其中,液化前后的土体本构关系是需要研究的核心内容.今后需利用离心机实验、现场原位实验开展工作,并进行相关实验技术研究工作.图0参118     

碎石桩复合地基的抗液化特性探讨

饱和砂土地震液化问题是岩土地震工程中一个重要的研究课题。在多种可行的防治液化措施中 ,最普遍的方法是采用碎石桩复合地基。本文结合目前国内外碎石桩复合地基的抗液化研究的最新进展 ,对碎石桩的密实、排水减压和减震作用做了较详细的评述 ,最后还提出碎石桩复合地基抗液化特性需要进一步研究的问题     

基于网格搜索的支持向量机砂土液化预测模型

在使用支持向量机对砂土液化进行预测时,不可避免地会遇到惩罚因子和核函数参数如何选取的问题,目前还没有确定这两个参数的选择模式,解决这一问题比较常用的办法有经验公式法、遗传算法和网格搜索法.对此本文基于网格搜索方法,使用LIBSVM软件包,寻找砂土液化训练样本的结构风险最小值所对应的支持向量机最优参数;使用最优参数,建立了支持向量机砂土液化预测模型.研究结果表明:预测样本的正确率可达87.5%,而且预测结果稳定;同时通过比较BP神经网络的砂土液化预测情况,可知支持向量机有更好的泛化能力,收敛速度也更快.     

液化土体中单桩的稳定性分析

根据地震场地液化特征,将土层分为表层非液化层,中部液化层以及底部基础层,基于桩-土相互作用的Winkler模型,得到考虑轴力作用的液化土层中桩-土系统的频率方程.利用此频率方程,研究了液化土层中轴压单桩的稳定性问题,分析了各种参数对受压桩临界载荷的影响.数值结果表明:桩临界荷载与抗弯刚度成正比；液化初期时,随着液化土层...     

建筑场地地震液化危害评价及地基处理

本文分析了地基失稳，计算震陷值及差异震陷等地基失效形式和液化土层的隔震作用，研究了液化指数、地基失效、液化土层隔震与多层房屋震害的关系，根据液化土的双重作用原理划分了液化危害等级，并提出了建筑场地地震液化危害评价方法和按“小震不坏，中震可修，大震不倒”的抗液化处理原则。     

液化地基中桩的破坏机理研究进展

地震诱发的地基液化对桩基础的破坏极大,液化地基中桩的破坏机理是岩土地震工程中的一个重要研究课题。目前地基液化时桩—土—结构系统的地震性态尚没有认识充分,已有的研究内容较多局限于桩身材料的强度破坏方面,难以考虑液化土体侧向流动、基桩屈曲失稳、以及土与结构动力相互作用等复杂因素的影响。本文重点加强以下3个方面的深入探讨和研究:(1)液化地基中桩的屈曲失稳;(2)液化地基中桩基破坏的数值模拟新方法;(3)液化地基中桩-土-结构的动力相互作用分析。     

基于突变理论的液化评估方法

作为众多突变类型的一种形式,尖点突变模型由于其优良的性质而广泛应用于生物学和社会科学,近年来又有越来越多的学者用尖点突变模型来研究工程实际问题。本文基于地震液化的基本机理和突变理论的特点,以土体的抗液化能力和土体得到的地震能量为控制变量,以孔隙水压力发展为状态变量,建立了地震诱导的孔隙水压力发展模型。宏观震害调查结果和本文的计算结果对比表明,本文建议的方法方便、可靠,是一种理想的液化评估方法。     

饱和砂土的循环边界面本构模型

饱和砂土在循环加卸载过程中,土体发生显著的组构变化和塑性变形的累积.试验现象分析表明,循环过程中,砂土的首次与再循环塑性模量既有区别又有联系.因此,论文引入考虑组构变化的剪胀内变量,并提出循环塑性模量的关系式,真实描述上述两种现象;进而基于已有本构模型的基础,建立饱和砂土的循环边界面本构模型.最后,将饱和砂土的模型预测结果与三轴试验结果进行验证对比,得到较好地吻合,这表明该模型能够合理反映饱和砂土循环加卸载的变形行为.     

Analyses and evaluations for composite-moment frames with SMA PR-CFT connections

This paper describes seismic performance and evaluation for composite-moment frames (C-MF) with a new type of bolted connections. The study is purely analytical and explores the effort needed to establish new connection parameters without large-scale physical testing. The innovative aspects of this research are in the use of partial restraint (PR) connections between steel beams and concrete-filled tube (CFT) columns that utilize a combination of low-carbon steel and shape memory alloy (SMA) components as the main force transfer elements in the connections. The intent is to utilize the recentering provided by super-elastic shape memory tension bars to reduce building damage and residual drift after a major earthquake, and the energy dissipation of low-carbon steel components in parallel. Accurate modeling and computational efficiency were achieved through the use of a simplified joint element which includes all connection strength and deformation components. Four- and six-story C-MF models were designed for a high seismic zone in the western USA. Two connection types and three column systems installed at these prototype frame models were investigated through nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses. The C-MF models with new bolted connections were compared to those with traditional welded connections. The results of numerical analysis demonstrate that C-MF with new PR connections show superior structural performance as indicated by small residual deformation and better distribution of the demand over the height of the structure.     

Determining the model parameters of nonlinear deformation of isotropic and composite materials from the results of an experimental-computational analysis of impulsively loaded circular plates

A method for identifying the material parameters of the constitutive relations of viscoelastic and elastoplastic deformation for isotropic and homogeneous composite materials is developed based on minimizing the mismatch between the results of numerical and experimental modeling of unsteady deformation of structural elements made of the materials studied. The method is tested and shown to be effective in determining the viscoelastic and elastoplastic characteristics of models for the nonlinear deformation of impulsively loaded isotropic and composite circular plates.     

基于数值子结构方法的结构弹塑性分析

结合震害调研及数值分析可知,结构最终失效可能仅由部分关键构件破坏引起,大部分构件仍处于弹性或小变形状态。因此为提高计算效率,在结构全过程分析中一致采用非线性单元建模并非必要,同时为准确考虑关键构件的非线性响应,本文提出一种新的数值子结构建模策略。进入弹塑性状态后,针对一般钢构件或钢筋混凝土构件采用动态替换子结构方法在单元或截面层次将其替换成非线性单元或非线性截面,并基于OpenSees平台开发了两类新单元予以实现;针对可能发生严重损伤的关键构件,采用隔离子结构方法将其隔离并建立精细化分析模型,考虑主、子结构间不同尺度边界耦合,并推导了切线刚度的传递关系,采用Client/Server技术在OpenSees平台开发了一类新的接口单元予以实现主、子结构之间的信息传递。为验证新开发单元的合理性,分别以钢及钢筋混凝土平面框架结构为例,采用纤维单元、动态替换子结构方法以及隔离子结构方法建模进行静、动力分析。计算结果表明,采用本文提出的动态替换子结构方法与常规建模方法的计算结果完全吻合并且可大幅缩短计算耗时,随着荷载水平的增大,结构中受到动态替换的构件比例急剧增大,计算效率提高程度略有降低,但仍远高于常规模型;采用本文提出的接口单元可准确传递主、子结构间的界面信息,为隔离数值子结构方法在结构弹塑性分析中的应用提供了基础。     

Stabilized interface methods for mechanical joints: Physics-based models and variationally consistent embedding

This paper presents the application of a new method for interfacial modeling utilizing a merger of continuous Galerkin and discontinuous Galerkin concepts to simulate the behavior of mechanical joints. The interfacial flux terms arising naturally from the discontinuous Galerkin treatment provide a mechanism to embed friction models in a variationally consistent fashion. Due to the unbiased implementation of the interface, facilitated by avoiding the master–slave concept, the deformation of the two interacting surfaces conforms to the local material and geometric attributes of the surfaces. This results in a better preservation of physics in interface mechanics. Additionally, the method is incorporated into a Variational Multiscale framework that comes equipped with a built-in error estimation module, providing numerical estimation of convergence and distinguishing discretization errors from modeling errors. A series of quasi-static numerical simulations of a lap joint under fretting conditions are conducted to compare the performance of two friction models: (i) classical Coulomb friction model and (ii) physics-based multiscale model. Hysteresis study of a three-dimensional double-bolted lap joint for the two friction models is also presented and the computed results are shown to be consistent between conforming and nonconforming meshes.     

受拉钢筋混凝土构件破坏过程的数值模拟

采用三维材料破坏过程分析MFPA3D系统,对钢筋混凝土构件轴心受拉条件下的受力、变形与内部裂纹萌生、扩展及最终破坏全过程进行了数值试验研究。数值模型中引入统计分布函数反映了混凝土的非均匀性影响,并采用具有残余强度的弹性损伤本构模型及其破坏单元材料性质退化方法,利用位移加载方式对钢筋混凝土构件实施拉伸加载。通过对钢筋、素混凝土方形体以及钢筋混凝土方形柱体构件在拉伸作用下破坏过程的数值试验,分析了钢筋与混凝土两种材料之间的相互作用、约束机理和破坏机理。数值试验成果对于深入了解钢筋和混凝土的联合受力规律和钢筋在开裂前后对整体钢筋混凝土结构的作用机制有参考价值。     

Droplet formation in the rupture of a liquid film under the action of a thermal load

The deformation and rupture of a liquid film, suspended between two solid walls, under the action of a localized thermal load is considered. For studying this process, a two-dimensional model is used, which describes the motion of a thin layer of a viscous non-isothermal liquid under microgravity conditions. For modeling the dynamics of the liquid, the Navier-Stokes equations in the “vorticity—stream function” variables are used. A numerical analysis of the influence of thermal loads on the deformation and the mechanism of the rupture of freely suspended films is performed. Is is shown that for a certain width of the thermal beam acting on the film free surface the rupture of the film may occur with the formation of a droplet. The results of the solution of model problems are presented.     

强震作用下RC延性框架的简化计算

提出了一种RC延性框架抗震设计方法,选取合理的倒塌机构并用虚功原理将其转化为等效的单自由度系统,针对选取的倒塌机构、设防烈度及场地条件计算刚塑性反应谱并据此计算结构的动力需求。以五层和九层RC框架为算例并与弹塑性时程分析比较,研究表明该方法计算简单,精度可靠,可以满足强烈地震作用下RC延性框架抗震设计要求。     

An approach for calculating the dynamic load of deep groove ball bearing joints in planar multibody systems

This study is focused on dynamic modeling of planar multibody systems with multiple deep groove ball bearing joints, in which the radial clearance, contact deformation, and bearing kinematics are included. By using the approach presented, the variation of the joint reaction force and the dynamic load on each ball element in bearings can be simulated. The deep groove ball bearing joints are modeled by introducing a nonlinear force system, which takes into account the contact elastic deformations between the ball elements and the raceways. The contact force is calculated by the Hertzian contact deformation theory that accounts for the geometrical and material properties of the contacting bodies. A planar slider-crank mechanism with two deep groove ball bearing joints is chosen as an example to demonstrate the application of the methodologies presented in this paper. In this model, one bearing locates at the joint between the ground and crank, while the other one locates at the joint between the crank and connecting rod. By numerical calculation, the dynamic load distribution characteristics of bearings under real mechanism movement conditions are simulated. From the results, it can be concluded that the dynamic load on each rolling element varies differently and belongs to a variable load with the change of mechanism configuration. Load characteristic analysis is the foundation of developing research on the fatigue life and reliability of bearings. This study will provide a key mechanical support for the performance evaluation, dynamic design, and geometrical parameter optimization of the joint rolling element bearings.     

A finite deformation nonlinear thermo-elastic model that mimics plasticity during monotonic loading

We present and study a nonlinear thermo-elastic constitutive model that under monotonic loading closely reproduces the response seen in plasticity, showing the initial stiff elastic response, kneeing as if yielding, and then showing response resembling post-yield hardening. The proposed large deformation thermo-elastic response model is constructed based on four physically identifiable mechanical parameters, that are closely related to the parameters used to construct plasticity models, thermal expansion parameters and two thermodynamic parameters. The four mechanical parameters are the initial elastic shear and bulk moduli, the yield point in shear, the hardening slope in shear. The thermodynamic parameters are the heat capacity at a reference temperature and its rate of change with changes of temperature. The model can be considered an alternate to deformation plasticity models currently used and, as such, can be used as a lightweight substitute for plasticity modeling in certain analysis. Since the proposed model is thermodynamically based, not only thermal effects are integrated into the model, but also the stress is calculated in terms of the applied deformation, allowing the model to be integrated with other models when conducting numerical analysis. We study the response of the proposed model under simple shear, uniaxial extension, confined compression, partially-confined compression, and biaxial extension. We incorporate the elastic model into ABAQUS using its UMAT subroutine for solid elements and using UHYPER for shell elements. We compare the large deformation response from the proposed elastic model with J2-plasticity, and with plasticity and deformation plasticity models implemented in ABAQUS. The model in most cases compares very favorably to all such models. This comparison is done for both homogeneous and non-homogeneous problems including the case of a cantilever beam under tip loading. We show that for the problems that it applies to, the models run in approximately one tenth the computational time and with one tenth the number of iterations needed to conduct the analysis using the plasticity model in ABAQUS.