磁控溅射沉积高承载、低摩擦MoS_2/Ti复合薄膜

采用磁控溅射技术制备了不同Ti含量的Mo S2/Ti复合薄膜,利用SEM、AFM、纳米压痕仪、XRD和CSM摩擦试验机分析了复合薄膜的结构、力学和摩擦学性能.结果表明:复合薄膜结构致密,表面光滑平整,且具有较高的硬度,Ti含量较低的Mo S2/Ti复合薄膜呈现以(002)基面为主的择优取向;在大气环境下,赫兹接触应力为2.5 GPa的摩擦工况下,Ti含量较低的Mo S2/Ti复合薄膜的摩擦系数低至0.02,磨损率低至10-17m3/(N·m)数量级,呈现出高承载、低摩擦、耐磨损的优异摩擦学性能.这是由于Ti的掺杂一方面提高了复合薄膜的力学和抗氧化性能,另一方面复合薄膜的(002)基面取向对其摩擦磨损性能发挥了重要作用.     

溅射沉积WS2／Ag纳米复合薄膜在不同环境中的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用直流磁控溅射方法在钛合金基底上制备W S2/Ag纳米复合薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及能谱仪对复合薄膜的表面形貌和组织结构进行分析,用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机对复合薄膜在真空和潮湿空气环境中的摩擦磨损性能进行研究.结果表明:溅射沉积制备的W S2/Ag复合薄膜为非晶态结构,弥散分布于W S2基体中的晶态纳米Ag相提高了薄膜与基底的界面结合强度;与纯W S2薄膜相比,W S2/Ag纳米复合薄膜虽然在不同环境中的摩擦系数有所增加,但其在潮湿空气中的耐磨性能(磨损寿命)具有较大幅度的提高,且摩擦状态更稳定.     

钼／全氟聚醚复合薄膜的制备及摩擦学性能研究

利用电子束蒸镀和浸涂技术在GCrl5轴承钢表面制备了钼／全氟聚醚复合润滑膜(Mo／PFPE)；利用接触角测定仪和X射线光电子能谱仪分析了复合润滑膜的表面性质和化学状态；采用DF—PM型动-静摩擦系数精密测定仪考察了复合薄膜的摩擦学性能，采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜磨损表面形貌．结果表明，与金属Mo薄膜相比，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时的摩擦系数显著降低，耐磨性能明显改善，Mo／PFPE复合薄膜同钢对摩时主要呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征．     

润滑条件下金刚石薄膜及石墨／金刚石复合薄膜的摩擦学性能

利用SRV摩擦磨损试验机对比考察了液体石蜡润滑时硬质合金基体上金刚石薄膜和石墨 /金刚石复合薄膜的摩擦学性能 ,采用扫描电子显微镜对试样和磨痕表面形貌进行了观察分析 ,并进而探讨了磨损机理 .结果表明 ,在润滑条件下 ,石墨 /金刚石复合薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损体积损失均较金刚石薄膜的小 ,金刚石薄膜和石墨 /金刚石复合薄膜的主要磨损机理均为亚微断裂磨损 ,而石墨膜可以有效地减轻亚微断裂磨损     

UHMWPE基体上沉积GLC薄膜及其摩擦磨损性能研究

改善超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)臼杯的耐磨性能是提高人工髋关节使用寿命的关键.本文在UHMWPE基体上采用非平衡直流磁控溅射沉积类石墨碳(GLC)薄膜,用扫描电镜、台阶轮廓仪考察了薄膜形貌和表面粗糙度,拉曼光谱分析了GLC薄膜的结构.用划痕仪和球-盘式摩擦磨损机研究了GLC薄膜与UHMWPE基体的界面结合力和GLC薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:磁控溅射法制备的GLC薄膜与基体结合力大于90 N,且对表面粗糙度没有影响;表面镀覆GLC薄膜的体积磨损率为1.6×10-17 m3/(N·m),是UHMWPE的1/19.     

MoS2／Ti复合薄膜对Ti811合金高温摩擦磨损性能及微动疲劳行为的影响

利用非平衡磁控溅射方法在Ti811合金表面制备MoS2/Ti复合薄膜,研究薄膜的成分、膜-基结合强度和显微硬度,以及MoS2/Ti复合薄膜对Ti811合金基材在350℃中的摩擦磨损性能和微动疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:利用非平衡磁控溅射技术可以获得致密度高、晶粒细化、孔隙率低和膜-基结合强度高的MoS2/Ti复合薄膜;MoS2/Ti复合薄膜对Ti811合金表面具有良好的减摩润滑作用,能够显著改善Ti811合金在350℃下的摩擦磨损性能和微动疲劳性能;经喷丸强化处理后再进行非平衡磁控溅射MoS2/Ti复合薄膜,可以使Ti811合金在350℃下的耐微动疲劳性能优于MoS2/Ti薄膜,但不及喷丸强化处理的结果.这是由于非平衡磁控溅射工艺过程降低了喷丸强化层的残余压应力.     

MoS2基复合薄膜制备及其结构与摩擦学性能研究

利用多靶磁控溅射法制备MoS_2基系列复合薄膜,通过扫描电子显微镜、X-ray衍射、拉曼光谱对薄膜微观形貌及晶体结构进行表征,利用纳米压入表征薄膜硬度及弹性模量,通过微动摩擦磨损试验对比分析了该系列薄膜在大气环境下的润滑性能.研究结果表明:MoS_2薄膜中复合C、Ti元素可有效抑制薄膜生长过程中柱状结构的形成,薄膜更为致密;复合薄膜的摩擦系数及磨损率显著降低.其中,MoS_2+C+Ti三元复合薄膜硬度为7.43 GPa,其弹性模量及弹性恢复量分别为98.1 GPa和61.7%.在大气环境(RH 35%~50%)下,法向载荷10 N时MoS_2+C+Ti薄膜具有最低的磨损率4.67×10–17 m~3/(N·m),该薄膜在不同载荷的微动摩擦试验中均具有最好的承载力.     

Fe—Mo-CaF2高温自润滑材料的摩擦学特性研究

采用中频感应热压工艺制备了具有良好高温摩擦学特性的Fe—Mo—CaF2高温自润滑材料，并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了Fe—Mo合金和Fe—Mo—CaF2高温自润滑材料的摩擦磨损机理．结果表明，由于高温下的机械摩擦化学效应，Fe—Mo合金磨损表面形成了由MoO2及Fe2O3组成的黑色釉质膜，从而表现出良好的减摩抗磨性能．在500℃以上时，Fe—Mo—CaF2合金磨损表面形成了由CaF2、MoO2、CaMoO4、Fe2O3及FeMo4F6等组成的复合润滑膜，从而表现出良好的高温自润滑性能．     

Cr12MoV钢离子渗氮和硫、碳、氮复合共渗层摩擦学性能研究

采用离子渗N和S、C、N复合共渗技术在Cr12MoV钢表面制备了由硫化物组成的改性层，考察了改性层在不同润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能，并采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析试样磨损表面形貌。结果表明：Cr12MoV钢表面经复合共渗处理后形成具有良好储油能力的多孔硫化物层，硫化物层在油润滑条件下可以显著提高Cr12MoV钢表面的摩擦磨损性能。     

MoS2/WS2共溅射复合薄膜的微结构及其摩擦磨损性能研究

采用磁控溅射共溅射法制备MoS2/WS2复合润滑薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱仪及透射电子显微镜对薄膜的成分和结构进行分析,采用UMT-2MT型微摩擦磨损试验机在大气(相对湿度45%～50%)和室温(20～25 ℃)环境下评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,MoS2/WS2复合薄膜结构致密,具有较好抗氧化性,其耐磨寿命、摩擦稳定性和抗载荷能力比MoS2磁控溅射薄膜均有显著提高,而摩擦系数更低.     

摩擦-电化学噪声法研究Mo改性钛合金的腐蚀-磨损行为

利用等离子表面改性技术在Ti6Al4V合金基体上制备Mo渗镀复合改性层,考察改性层组织结构,利用微动摩擦学试验机并结合电化学噪声技术对比研究基材及改性层在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀-微动摩擦学行为,对腐蚀-摩擦过程中的噪声参数进行分析.结果表明:纯Mo改性层能够明显改善钛合金的耐磨和减摩特性;同时提高了合金在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位及降低了腐蚀电流,改善了合金表面的腐蚀-摩擦学性能.     

Mo／2Si混合粉末的摩擦化学效应

利用 ZJM10 T型搅拌机和 X射线衍射仪研究了 Mo/ 2 Si混合粉末在机械球磨过程中的摩擦化学效应 .结果表明 :在球磨初期 ,晶粒尺寸明显减小 ,显微应变和有效温度系数明显增加 ;在球磨 3h后 ,Mo和 Si粉末的晶粒尺寸和显微应变变化幅度减小 ;球磨 10 h后 ,有效温度系数趋于极限值 ,晶粒尺寸和显微应变几乎保持不变 .塑性 Mo颗粒的机械活化以变形或晶格畸变加剧为主 ,而脆性 Si颗粒的机械活化以细化或比表面积增加为主 .球磨过程中未检测到摩擦化学变化     

Ag—Cu／Ti纳米双层膜结合强度测试方法研究

用粘结法（拉伸法，扭转法，断裂力学方法等）和划痕法分别测试了Ag-Cu/Ti纳米双层膜的结合强度，并对其实验结果进行了分析，对比和讨论。结果表明，粘结法由于受胶粘剂粘结强度的限制，只能适用于中低结合强度测试；划痕法适用于软金属薄膜结合强度测试，尤其对高结合强度的薄膜特别有效，而且能测出双层膜及多层膜中膜－膜界面的结合强度和膜基界面的结合强度。     

Numerical simulations of a filament in a flowing soap film

Experiments concerning the properties of soap films have recently been carried out and these systems have been proposed as experimental versions of theoretical two‐dimensional liquids. A silk filament introduced into a flowing soap film, was seen to demonstrate various stable modes, and these were, namely, a mode in which the filament oscillates and one in which the filament is stationary and aligns with the flow of the liquid. The system could be forced from the oscillatory mode into the non‐ oscillatory mode by varying the length of the filament. In this article we use numerical and computational techniques in order to simulate the strongly coupled behaviour of the filament and the fluid. Preliminary results are presented for the specific case in which the filament is seen to oscillate continuously for the duration of our simulation. We also find that the filament oscillations are strongly suppressed when we reduce the effective length of the filament. We believe that these results are reminiscent of the different oscillatory and non‐oscillatory modes observed in experiment. The numerical solutions show that, in contrast to experiment, vortices are created at the leading edge of the filament and are preferentially grown in the curvature of the filament and are eventually released from the trailing edge of the filament. In a similar manner to oscillating hydrofoils, it seems that the oscillating filaments are in a minimal energy state, extracting sufficient energy from the fluid to oscillate. In comparing numerical and experimental results it is possible that the soap film does have an effect on the fluid flow especially in the boundary layer where surface tension forces are large. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Coupled annealing temperature and layer thickness effect on strengthening mechanisms of Ti/Ni multilayer thin films

A systematic study was performed on mechanical and microstructural properties of Ti/Ni multilayers with layer thickness from 200 nm to 6 nm and annealing temperature from room temperature to 500 °C. Based on the observed hardness evolution, a coupled layer-thickness and annealing-temperature dependent strengthening mechanism map is proposed. For as-deposited films, the deformation behavior follows the traditional trend of dislocation mediated strengthening to grain boundary mediated softening with decreasing layer thickness. For annealed films, grain boundary relaxation is considered to be the initial strengthening mechanism with higher activation temperature required for thicker layers. Under further annealing, solid solution hardening, intermetallic precipitation hardening, and fully intermixed alloy structure continue to strengthen the thin layered films, while recrystallization and grain-growth lead to the eventual softening of thick layered films. For the films with intermediate layer thickness, a strong orientation dependent hardness behavior is exhibited under high temperature annealing due to mechanism switch from grain growth softening to intermetallic precipitation hardening when changing the loading orientation from perpendicular to parallel to the layer interfaces.     

Thickness effect on microstructural and mechanical properties of pulse-laser treated Ti/Ni multilayer thin films

Previous work showed that pulse-laser irradiation can strengthen metal multilayer thin films through intermetallic formation and the degree of strengthening is a function of laser pulse energy.In this work,the effect of individual layer thickness(λ)and total multilayer thickness(h)on the resulting microstructure and mechanical strength of laser-treated Ti/Ni multilayers was further investigated.Experiments were carried out on fourλ/hcombinations using individual layer thickness of 20 nm and 50 nm,and total multilayer thickness of 500 nm and1μm,respectively.Obvious intermetallic strengthening was observed in the 500 nm thick multilayers,especially with the 20 nm layer thickness,but not in the 1μm thick multilayers.Further,the multilayer surface morphology after laser treatment was observed to be dominated by competition between laser-induced optical interference and thermal melting,with the former leading to ripple or cross-hatched patterns and the latter leading to melted surfaces with pores and cracks.     

掺Ti/Ni碳质中间相的结构及其高温摩擦性能

利用机械合金化法将金属粉Ti/Ni掺入煤焦油沥青碳质中间相中,借助X射线衍射仪分析掺入金属前后碳质中间相的结构,采用MMU-5G型高温端面摩擦磨损试验机考察不同载荷下,以掺入金属的碳质中间相为润滑油添加剂的摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌,采用激光拉曼光谱仪分析磨损表面碳质材料的结构特征.结果表明:掺入金属Ti/Ni可以抑制碳质中间相因高能球磨处理引起的无定型化而起到催化石墨化作用,在较低温度下达到较好石墨化程度;采用掺入Ti/Ni的碳质中间相作为润滑油添加剂在载荷增加时,摩擦系数降低,摩擦稳定性增强,磨损程度下降,表现出良好的高温减摩抗磨性能;随着载荷增加,磨损表面碳质材料的有序程度增强,微晶石墨平面尺寸La值增大.     

Numerical approximation for a non-linear membrane problem

We present a numerical study of large deformations of non-linearly elastic membranes. We consider the non-linear membrane model obtained by Le Dret and Raoult using Γ-convergence, in the case of a Saint Venant-Kirchhoff bulk material. We consider conforming P₁ and Q₁ finite element approximations of the membrane problem and use a non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm to minimize the discrete energy. We present numerical tests including membranes subjected to live pressure loads.     

乙醇润滑下Ti3AlC2的摩擦磨损性能

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机评价了Ti3AlC2在干摩擦以及水和乙醇润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,分析了Ti3AlC2磨损表面形貌和化学组成,简要讨论了水和乙醇的黏度对其润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在干摩擦和水润滑条件下,Ti3AlC2/Si3N4、Ti3AlC2/Al2O3和Ti3AlC2/GCr15钢3种摩擦副的耐磨性能较差,而在乙醇润滑条件下,由于乙醇可抑制Ti3AlC2的晶粒拔出、断裂以及偶件材料向Ti3AlC2的转移,从而导致3种摩擦副的耐磨性能优异。