2D and 3D separation of stresses using automated photoelasticity

A procedure for the separation of full-field photoelastic images for use with an automated polariscope is described. Regions of background in the image are identified thus producing the boundary of the model. The shear difference method is used to calculate the components of stress along all raster lines in the image using photoelastic parameters at the boundary points to calculate the initial values of stress. Algorithms were also used to evaluate the stress components along raster lines which did not contain boundary points. A plastic template was used to evaluate the efficiency of the boundary routine. It was found that it was able to identify edges to within approximately one pixel on screen. The complete procedure for stress separation was evaluated using a stress frozen disc in compression and a turbine slot. The values of stress found using the automated polariscope with the stress-separation procedure were found to agree well with theory and with results determined using the method of Tardy compensation and manual analysis. The automated polariscope was also used to analyze three-dimensional stress components along arbitrary lines of a 3D model. A two-model slicing regime was used to analyze a strut subjected to a vertical load. This work was compared to results obtained by Frocht and Guernsey on an identical model machined from Fosterite and subjected to a higher load. Good agreement was found between the results for points away from the region of loading. Significant differences were found near to the load point, however. A finite element analysis of the same problem suggested that this was due to the effects of plasticity.     

盘—鼓筒混合式转子轮盘在离心力场中的应力分布特点

本文根据盘——鼓筒混合式转子的轮盘离心应力的光弹性实验结果,分析比较其不同结构形式产生的应力分布,并讨论了主要参数对局部应力集中的影响。     

The use of phase-stepping for the measurement of characteristic parameters in integrated photoelasticity

A three-dimensional photoelastic body can be represented by an optically equivalent model, which consists of a linear retarder, δ, at a certain angle, θ, and a pure rotator, χ. These have been described as the characteristic retardation, δ, and the primary and secondary characteristic directions, θ and θ+χ. Until now these characteristic parameters have only been determined using manual, point-by-point collection methods which are involved and time consuming. Therefore an automated phase-stepping method has been developed to enable the determination of the three characteristic parameters for three-dimensional or integrated photoelasticity. Expressions have been derived to obtain δ, θ and θ+χ from six phase-stepped images. These images are collected using a CCD camera and the full-field data is processed using a standard personal computer. This novel method allows accurate, full-field maps of all three characteristic parameters to be obtained in a relatively short time, which makes full-field tomographic reconstruction of photoelastic data a real possibility. Both are SEM Members.     

斜拉桥塔锚固区光弹性应力分析与等倾线图像处理

本文采用光弹性冻结应力法，对独塔斜拉桥塔锚固区进行了应力分析，给出了有关截面的边界应力分布及主应力迹线，从而为优化工程设计提供了重要的参考依据。本文还提出了一种新的提取等倾线的方法──图像对数增强相减法，实现了等倾线与等差线条纹的分离，同时使条纹得到了细化，提高了处理等倾线的速度与准确度。编制了自动绘制主应力迹线的程序，利用它绘制了桥塔截面的次主应力迹线。     

计算机辅助光弹性应力分析

本文提出一种新的计算机辅助光弹性应力分析方法,它具有全电子记录、全自动应力场分析、光路简单等优点。相位技术的采用使数据精度大大提高。文中给出了几种实验光路以及提高图象质量的方法,用对经受压圆盘光弹实验证明了方法的可行性。     

单层纤维复合材料的光弹模型初探

本文总结了用显微激光分析仪对一般纤维增强复合材料进行透射式光弹性研究的近期工作.针对纤维复合材料违反传统光弹理论的偏振光学行为,讨论了纤维,基体的双折射率不同及由纤维,基体界面两侧出射的光在Airy斑重叠区发生干涉等问题,从更一般的角度探讨了最近的文章中所提出的新光弹公式中所含两个滞后量的存在性.     

变弹模成层岩基受预锚荷载作用的三维光弹性实验研究

本文介绍了变弹模成层岩基受预锚荷载作用的三维光弹性实验过程。求出了岩基在锚固应力作用下锚根附近的应力场,并和电测成果、理论计算成果进行了比较,结果非常相近.为进一步探讨这些问题提供了可靠的依据.     

A measurement method of scattered light photoelasticity using unpolarized light

This paper describes an automatic measurement method for the stress analysis of a three-dirnensional photoelastic model having the rotation of the principal stress by scattered-light photoelasticity using unpolarized light. The relative phase retardation and the principal stress directions of a linear retarder for a distance in the solid model are expressed in terms of measurable Stokes parameters. The method was used for measurements on a frozen stress sphere under diametral compression.     

刚构连续梁桥墩梁固节点结构的光弹性试验及有限元分析

某铁路特大桥的主桥部分采用预应力混凝土刚构连续梁桥,本文采用光弹性模型冻结应力法对该刚构连续梁桥墩梁固节点结构进行了应力分析,给出了结构边界应力分布和主应力迹线。应用ANSYS软件对墩梁固节点实际结构进行了有限元计算。将实验与有限元分析结果进行了比较,结果表明,实验应力分析法与有限元数值法吻合较好。在有限元分析中,对墩梁固节点结构梁端加载边界的影响区进行了研究,通过合理选择梁的长度可以有效减小局部应力。模型实验和有限元计算的结果为结构的优化设计提供了重要的依据。     

Near-Boundary Stress Wave Field in Anisotropic Plates under Impulsive Load

The stress wave field and the behavior of waves near the free boundary in an orthotropic plate and at the interface between two anisotropic media are studied. The results presented were obtained using the dynamic photoelastic method and optically sensitive fibrous models. Experimental data for impulsively loaded plates with various boundary conditions are analyzed     

应用新型动光弹系统研究某设备受冲击载荷作用

结构受到冲击时,其应力分布与在静荷载作用下完全不同.本丈应用新型动光弹实验系统研究了某设备在冲击载荷作用下其内部动态应力分布情况.该系统由部分传统的动光弹实验装置、高速摄影系统和数字光弹图像处理系统组成,并且采用激光光源、落锤冲击载荷加载装置.加工制作了该设备模型的光弹性模型,应用到冲击载荷作用下的实验研究中,得到了该...     

Determination of the stress distribution in assemblies of photoelastic particles

An optical measuring method and a calculation procedure for determining the distribution of the stress tensor in a plane-strained three-dimensional assembly of random-shaped photoelastic particles are described. The stress tensor at an arbitrary point of the model is determined by an integration procedure, based on the equations of equilibrium of stresses. The distribution of the principal-stress direction and the relative principal-stress difference and at least two normal stresses in a plane have to be known to perform the integration. The distribution of the principal-stress directions and their difference are measured optically by scanning the model with an optical filter system with a single rotating polarizer.     

A class of zero-birefrngent polymers

A class of photoelastically insensitive materials consisting of a blend of rigid and flexible polyesters is described. The mechanical and optical response of these polymers is viscoelastic in character. For a wide range of the compositions, the birefringence changes from positive to negative under constant load or constant displacement. The influence of composition, time under load, and principal stress difference on the birefringence is studied. Isochromatic-fringe development in a diametrally loaded disk shows that a major region of the stressed body becomes optically insensitive after a reasonable period of time under load and remains insensitive for a time sufficiently large for associated photoelastic operations. A typical operating-time band is presented during which the optical response of a model characterized by the fringe order per unit thickness is reasonably small. It appears that this class of photoelastically insensitive materials can be employed to produce composite models with glass-fiber reinforcements. Compared to other zero-birefringent polymers, the present material has the advantage of easier processing (casting and curing), improved adhesion to glass fibers and closer matching of the refractive index with that of glass.     

Photoelastic Stress Analysis by Use of Hybrid Technique and Fringe Phase Shifting Method

0Introduction Photoelasticityisanopticalmeasurementmethodforstressanalysis.Itcanperformwhole field measurementduetotwo dimensionalsignalprocessingoflight.Alsoitcanperformnon contact measurementbecauseoftransmissionorreflectionoflightonaspecimen.Photoelast…     

Stress Wave Field Near a Notched Boundary in Anisotropic Plates under Impulsive Loading

The stress distribution near a rectilinear boundary and a boundary with a notch of different depths in an anisotropic plate is analyzed. The plate boundary is under the action of a surface or embedded impulsive source. The results presented have been obtained using the dynamic photoelastic method for optically sensitive orthotropic plates. The results for orthotropic and isotropic plates with different ratios of notch depth to wavelength are analyzed     

Determination of the optically equivalent model in three-dimensional photoelasticity

Any stressed photoelastic medium can be reduced to an optically equivalent model consisting of a linear retarder, with retardation δ₁ and principal axis at azimuth φ₁, and a pure rotator of power φ₂. The paper describes two simple methods to determine these quantities experimentally. Further, a method is described to overcome the problem of rotational effects in scattered-light investigations. This new method makes use of the experimentally determined characteristic parameters.     

复合材料光弹性分析的工程方法

本文在推导均衡光弹性复合材料应力(应变)—光定律的基础上,导出了均衡光弹性复合材料的近似应变—光定律。然后加以推广,提出适用于一般光弹性复合材料的近似应变—光定律.精度分析及实验验证表明:作为工程计算,在采用本文推荐的参数时,光弹性复合材料可视作各向同性材料进行光弹性分析。     

数字光弹性法综述

将光弹性法与计算机图像处理技术相结合 ,来自动采集光弹性数据和分析应力的方法 ,称为数字光弹性法 ,与传统光弹性法相比 ,它可以进一步提高实验速度和精度。本文详细讨论了以下两个方面 :一是光弹性条纹的细化和倍增处理技术 ;二是自动确定光弹性参数的技术 ,包括相移法、傅立叶变换法、逐步载荷法、广谱分析法和RGB光弹性法等。通过对近二十年来国内外在这些方面的研究、应用和进展作了综述 ,认为采用白光的彩色域相移技术计算光弹性等倾角 ,结合采用白光源或三色光源的相移法来确定光弹性等色线级数 ,有望成为解决静态二维和三维冻结模型薄切片应力分析的最佳方法 ;另外 ,设计一种能实时和同步采集多幅条纹图的实验装置 ,通过相移法来自动获取动态光弹性数据 ,是数字动态光弹性法很有前景的发展方向     

“夹部牙”光弹实验及临床应用

本文提出三维牙颌光弹模型的制作方法,该方法制作的模型可以满足各种有关牙齿的三维光弹应力分析的需要.同时提出新型的“夹部牙”.临床应用及光弹性实验证明它是设计合理的.     

Stress-intensity distributions for corner cracks emanating from open holes in plates of finite width

A series of frozen stress photoelastic tests is carried out in the present investigation. Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics is used to analyze the problem of a part-through corner crack at an open hole in a plate of finite width loaded in tension. The photoelastic modeling capability of three-dimensional subcritical crack growth problems is assessed. This is achieved by comparing monotonically grown flaw shapes in epoxy models with crack profiles relative to fatigue crack propagation tests in a different material. Photoelastic stress-intensity factor distributions are checked against numerical results obtained for quarter elliptical geometries. The dependence of stress intensity factors on flaw shape is also discussed.