Peeling of an elastic membrane tape adhered to a substrate by a uniform cohesive traction

An analytical model is provided for the peeling of a tape from a surface to which it adheres through cohesive tractions. The tape is considered to be a membrane without bending stiffness and is initially attached everywhere to a flat rigid surface. The tape is assumed to deform in plane strain, and finite deformations in the form of elastic strains are accounted for. The cohesive tractions are taken to be uniform when the tape is within a critical interaction distance from the substrate and then to fall immediately to zero once this critical interaction distance is exceeded. When the distance between the tape and the substrate is zero, repulsive and attractive tractions balance to zero; in this segment, sliding of the tape relative to the substrate is forbidden when we pull the tape up somewhere in the middle, though we permit such sliding when the tape is peeled from one end. In the cohesive zone and where the tape is detached, the interaction of the tape with the substrate is frictionless. Results are given for the force to peel a neo-Hookean tape at any angle up to vertical when one end of it is pulled away from the substrate, as well as for scenarios when the tape is lifted somewhere in the middle to form a V shape being pulled away from the substrate.     

Effect of surface charge state on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

Thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids is very attractive to thermal and heat transfer engineering, however its mechanism is not clear yet. In this study, it is proposed that the surface charge state of nanoparticles is to explain the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. By comparing to the previous reported results, it is shown that the interparticle interaction due to the surface charge state is the most important factor to increase of thermal conductivity of nanofluids.     

An elementary consideration of some extrusion defects

Summary It is shown that the best upper bounds to the load in direct extrusion when the fault known as piping is anticipated are less than the best upper bounds obtainable by the use of similar deformation patterns, when piping is assumed not to be going to occur. A similar approach is made to the case in which a short slug is pierced by two equal size punches and which results in faults at the container wall; this instance is important because it is analogous to the new method by which gudgeon pins are formed.     

感应同步器测角系统误差分析及补偿

本文讨论了提高感应同步器精度的硬件方法和软件方法。硬件方法即根据误差来源，针对不同谐波成分误差，用电路调节的方法消除误差。软件方法就是采用计算机通过误差曲线拟合来减小误差。     

Non-linear response of a beam to periodic loading

The steady state response of a non-linear beam under periodic excitation is investigated. The non-linearity is attributed to the membrane tension effect which is induced in the beam when the deflection is not small in comparison to its thickness. The effects of multimode participation are investigated for simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. The finite element technique is used to formulate the non-linear differential equations of the straight beam and the method of averaging is used to obtain an approximate solution to the non-linear equations under harmonic loading. An analog computer was used to simulate the non-linear beam equation which was subjected to harmonic excitation. The agreement between theoretical and experimental values is reasonably good.     

基于LuGre摩擦模型的接触约束法旋转柔性梁斜碰撞研究

基于接触约束法和LuGre摩擦模型对在重力场作用下作大范围旋转运动的柔性梁系统和斜坡发生含摩擦斜碰撞的动力学问题进行研究. 首先运用刚柔耦合的多体系统动力学理论对大范围运动的柔性梁进行离散化和动力学建模, 在碰撞时采用冲量动量法求出跳跃速度, 其次在法向上引入接触约束求解出碰撞力, 在切向上采用LuGre摩擦模型分两种方式求解摩擦力, 第一种是在滑动时摩擦力由摩擦系数和碰撞力计算得出, 黏滞状态下引入切向约束计算拉格朗日乘子反应实际摩擦力, 根据黏滞/滑动切换判断计算出碰撞过程摩擦力(与Coulomb摩擦模型计算摩擦力一致); 第二种根据LuGre摩擦模型摩擦系数和法向碰撞力计算其摩擦力, 从而在碰撞时无需黏滞/滑动切换, 采用相同的摩擦力计算公式. 通过与Coulomb摩擦模型对比发现, LuGre摩擦模型描述碰撞切向摩擦过程更精确, LuGre摩擦模型黏滞时建立约束方程和碰撞采用统一的摩擦力公式这两种建模方式描述的斜碰撞动力学特性没有区别, 进而说明采用法向接触约束和LuGre摩擦模型具有满足碰撞非嵌入情况、避免黏滞/滑动切换、描述摩擦力相对准确的优势.      

On the simultaneous elongation and inflation of a tubular membrane of BKZ fluid

This work considers a viscoelastic fluid membrane which is initially tubular and bonded at each end to a rigid circular disc. The membrane is subjected to prescribed elongational and internal pressure histories causing it to undergo quasi-static axisymmetric deformation. This example is intended to simulate an experiment which has been recently proposed for the determination of constitutive properties for viscoelastic fluids as well as some polymer sheet forming process.The constitutive equation is presumed to be of integral type. The formulation of the problem leads to a basic system of equations which is intended for numerical solution. It has the structure of a two-point boundary value problem for a system ordinary differential equations at each time. The formulation has the advantage that the equations do not have to be rederived if the constitutive equation is changed. A change in the sub-program for computing stress from stretch history is all that is needed.A numerical method of solution is presented. In a numerical example, the material is taken to be polyisobutylene, modeled as a BKZ fluid.     

Precise tracking control of piezoelectric actuators based on a hysteresis observer

In this paper, a precise tracking control method for piezoelectric actuators based on a hysteresis observer is considered. A nonlinear observer to estimate the hysteretic nonlinearity in the piezoelectric actuator is designed, and then the hysteretic nonlinearity is compensated for by a feedforward control. The proposed observer is easy to design and has better performance compared to the previous work presented in the literature. A feedback controller is also designed to track reference signals. A numerical simulation is presented to verify the method proposed.     

3D pore network modeling and simulation for dynamic displacement of gas and condensate in wellbore region

Condensate dropout in near a wellbore region in gas condensate reservoir is the main reason of low well deliverability. Many researchers have studied gas and condensate relative permeabilities (RPs) in this region to find the condition for better deliverability. It is known that RP is a function of capillary number in low interfacial tension (IFT) systems such as gas-condensate. The positive dependency of RPs to velocity which is referred to as "positive coupling effect" is related to the simultaneous flow of gas and condensate associated with intermittent opening and closure of channels in porous media. The negative dependency of RPs to velocity named "negative inertia" is due to non-Darcy high-velocity flow. In this study, a 3D pore network modeling is developed to investigate fluids distribution in a gas-condense system at a pore scale to find out the effects of IFT and velocity on RPs. A new method is developed that applies a flash calculation in all throats in the network to estimate the amount of accumulated condensate in throats' corners at different time steps. A modified form of Poiseuille's law for polygonal cross-sectional throats is used to find and update pressure field and fluids distribution in the network and to determine the quantity of pushed out condensate from closed throats to neighboring throats. The displacement mechanism is considered to be determined by the volume of displaced phases in throats without applying any correlation. Simulation results indicate that gas and condensate RPs are increased by an increase in velocity. However, RPs sensitivity to velocity is reduced by increasing IFT which is in agreement with previous studies.     

Orientational effect of the extensional flow field on solutions of rigid rodlike macromolecules-disappearance of the isotropic to nematic phase transition

The effect of steady state uniaxial extensional flow on a solution of rigid rodlike macromolecules is theoretically studied. The mean field theory of Maier and Saupe is extended to cover situations in which the macromolocular solution is subjected to an extensional flow field. It is found that for a given solution a critical flow gradient exists beyond which the first order nematic-isotropic phase transition, which is typical of such solutions in the absence of flow, disappears. A similar result is obtained when the theory of Onsager is applied to the problem. Order parameter as a function of flow gradient is calculated and it is shown that the contribution of flow to the ordering of macromolecules is most significant when the stationary solution is isotropic but close to the transition point.     

Linear constitutive model for mechano-sorptive creep in paper

The creep of paper is accelerated by moisture cycling. This effect is known as mechano-sorptive creep. It is assumed that this is an effect of transient stresses produced during moisture content changes in combination with non-linear creep behaviour of the fibres. The stresses produced by the moisture content changes are often much larger than the applied mechanical loads. If this is the case, the mechanical loads are only a perturbation to the internal stress state, and it will appear as if the mechano-sorptive creep is linear in stress. It is possible to take advantage of this feature. In the present report the pure moisture problem is first solved. The mechanical load is then treated as a perturbation of the solution to the moisture problem. Using this strategy, it is possible to linearize a non-linear network model for mechano-sorptive creep and to formulate a continuum model. As a result, the number of variables in the model is reduced. This is a significant improvement as it will be possible to use the linearized model to describe the material in a finite element program and solve problems with complicated geometries.     

Experiments on the Onset of Impacting Motion Using a Pipe Conveying Fluid

The transition from stable periodic nonimpacting motion to impacting motion, due to variations of parameters, is observable in a wide range of vibro-impact systems. Recent theoretical studies suggest a possible scenario for this type of transition. A key element in the proposed scenario is fulfilled if the oscillatory motion involved in the transition is born in a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. If the onset of impacting motion is close to the Hopf bifurcation, the impacting motion is likely to be chaotic. A numerical simulation of a system of articulated pipes conveying fluid is used to illuminate the theory. An experimental setup is presented, where a cantilevered pipe conveying fluid is unilaterally constrained. Results from experiments are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the theory.     

The use of an image derotator in hologram interferometry and speckle photography of rotating objects

An image derotator is described that consists of a folded Abbé inverting prism built into the center of a hollow-shafted torque motor. The alignment and operation of the unit is discussed, and resolution of the derotated image in excess of 15 cyc/mm is shown. Its application to vibration analysis of rotating objects is demonstrated via double-exposure holograms recorded with a Q-switched, double-pulse, ruby laser. The necessity for using such a derotator is to maintain image alignment between pulses, rather than for stopping image motion during the pulses. The technique is shown to apply to contoured objects, to resonant and nonresonant vibrations, and to speeds up to 9200 rpm. In addition, application of the system for recording large-vibration amplitudes via double-exposure, speckle photography is demonstrated. Finally, concomitant observation of vibration with stroboscopic illumination synchronized to the rotation is described, where the vibration is manifested as a streaking of defocused speckles.     

An Integral Method to Calculate Water Saturation in a Centrifuge Experiment to Determine Capillary Pressure

The centrifuge method is commonly used to determine the capillary pressure of a porous medium, and the original approximating method for data analysis developed by Hassler and Brunner is still being used. Its limitations are, however, not well understood. Application to analyze experiments where one of the assumptions was obviously violated had been given in the literature. While the result appeared to be quite reasonable, it was not clear how close was it to reality. One of the objectives of this paper is to review the assumptions that is required to develop this method, so that the experimental condition in which it is applicable can be established. The other objective is to derive a completely different solution technique to this problem. There is no need to assume that the ratio of the inlet radius to the exit radius of the core to the center of the centrifuge be close to 1. With the freedom from this limitation it is, therefore, possible to construct machines at lower cost and to improve on the data quality by allowing longer cores.     

保持顶点多样性的复合形法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用

针对基本复合形法全局搜索能力不强的缺陷,改进了基本复合形法的寻优方法。在关于各个顶点的寻优直线上分别找出比各个顶点优异的点并替换掉各顶点构成多个新复形,并以各个复合形中心点到各个顶点的海明距离之和为中心距指标,找出最大中心距的复形为下一次迭代之新复形。依次迭代,直到没有新的复形产生。通过对两个复杂边坡最小安全系数的搜索,发现本文新复合形法的全局搜索能力有较大提高。     

基于LMI的框架结构分数阶控制方法研究

以框架结构为研究对象，采用分数阶状态方程进行控制器设计，提出了基于LMI的分数阶控制器设计方法。首先，把原系统振动方程改为阶次为1～2的分数阶状态方程，同时，构造同阶次分数阶控制器状态方程，进而组装为一个整体状态方程；其次，根据分数阶系统稳定性条件确定满足系统渐进稳定性的不等式。为了获得可行解，在不等式中附加了两个参数，同时，令控制器参数矩阵为对称；再次，从仿真结果来看，控制效果过好，但控制力偏大，为此，控制力计算时附加了调节因子，以期在满足控制效果的基础上，降低所需控制力；最后给出了一个算例说明本文方法的可行性。     

L、T、十形截面型钢混凝土异形柱滞回性能对比分析

为了研究截面形状对型钢混凝土(SRC)异形柱滞回性能的影响,完成了4个L形、6个T形和2个+形截面SRC异形柱构件的低周反复荷载实验,并获取了此类构件的破坏形态和滞回曲线。在此基础上,对比分析了截面类型对SRC异形柱在耗能能力、变形性能及地震损伤等方面的影响。研究结果表明:型钢混凝土异形柱的破坏形态与剪跨比有关,剪跨比大的试件易发生弯曲型破坏,而小剪跨比的试件易发生剪切型破坏;L形柱的滞回环捏拢程度最大,其次为T形柱,最后为+形柱;+形柱和L形柱的相对受剪承载能力和耗能能力均比T形柱大;T形柱的变形能力要优于L形柱;型钢混凝土异形柱构件的相对损伤累积程度与柱肢数有关,其主要表现为随着柱肢数的增多,异形柱的损伤发展水平加快。     

Analysis of shear deformable plates with combined geometric and material nonlinearities by boundary element method

In this paper a boundary element formulation for analysis of shear deformable plates with combined geometric and material nonlinearities by boundary element method is presented. The dual reciprocity method is used in dealing with the geometric nonlinearity and domain discretization is implemented in dealing with material nonlinearity. The material is assumed to undergo large deflection with small strains. The von Mises criteria is used to evaluate the plastic zone and an elastic perfectly plastic material behaviour is assumed. An initial stress formulation is used to formulate the boundary integral equations. A total incremental method is applied to solve the nonlinear boundary integral equations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and the accuracy of the proposed method.     

基于多体系统传递矩阵法的多管火箭定向器振动控制

应用多体系统传递矩阵法,建立了全新的多管火箭发射动力学控制模型,以二次型性能指标为成本函数, 设计了脉冲推力器为控制执行机构的振动主动控制律,并设计了多管火箭发射系统在燃气流冲击下定向器的振动主动控制系统,获得了最优脉冲控制力幅值和脉冲推力器工作次数. 应用设计的控制律数值仿真了某多管火箭定向器无控和受控状态下的振动响应,仿真结果表明该法可有效地降低定向器的振动.该方法易于工程实现,对控制多管火箭发射系统的振动、提高多管火箭射击的精度具有重要意义.