A mixed-timescale SGS model for thermal field at various Prandtl numbers

A new subgrid-scale (SGS) model for the thermal field is proposed. The model is an extended version of the mixed-timescale (MTS) SGS model for velocity field by Inagaki et al. (2005), which has been confirmed to be a refined SGS model for velocity field suited to engineering-relevant practical large eddy simulation (LES). In the proposed model for the thermal field, a hybrid timescale between the timescales of the velocity and thermal fields is introduced in a manner similar to velocity-field modeling. Thus, the present model dispenses with an ambiguous SGS turbulent Prandtl number, like the dynamic SGS model. In addition, the wall-limiting behavior of turbulence is satisfied, which is not in the original MTS model, by incorporating the wall-damping function for LES based on the Kolmogorov velocity scale proposed by Inagaki et al. (2010). The model performance is tested in plane channel flows at various Prandtl numbers, and the results show that this model gives the ratio of the timescales between the velocity and thermal fields similar to that obtained using the dynamic Smagorinsky model with locally calculated model parameters. It is also shown that the proposed model predicts better mean and fluctuating temperature profiles in cooperation with the revised MTS model for the velocity field, than the Smagorinsky model and the dynamic Smagorinsky model. The present model is constructed with fixed model parameters, so that it does not suffer from computational instability with the dynamic model. Thus, it is expected to be a refined and versatile SGS model suited for practical LES of the thermal field.     

汽车液压阻尼器的四段线性化模型

通过对现有某车用液压阻尼器的实验研究和车辆悬架系统动力学仿真研究，发现这种阻尼器的动力学特性存在复杂的非线性行为。为准确描述这类阻尼器的动力学特性和进行汽车悬架系统的动力学仿真研究，本文根据阻尼器的实验数据，提出一种新型四段线性化阻尼器模型，并建立其相应的数学模型。通过汽车悬架系统的动力学仿真研究表明，采用四段线性化阻尼器模型，汽车悬架系统簧载质量在不同路面不平度函数作用下的加速度响应和均方根加速度响应随频率变化不会出现大的波动。与等效线性化阻尼器模型相比，四段线性化阻尼器模型，能较好降低汽车悬架系统簧载质量的加速度响应和均方根加速度响应，有利于提高汽车乘坐舒适性和行驶稳定性，并为新型阻尼器设计提供一个新的思路。     

薄膜多层滚压的表面粗糙度晶体学分析

提出了晶体学模型来研究多层薄膜滚压的表面粗糙度。研究了单层滚压模型,提出滚压的三维模型和二维模型（平面应变）,讨论了晶粒大小和应力状态的影响。把单个单层滚压和多层滚压模型、三维模型和平面应变模型进行了比较,发现对于所涉及的二维和三维模型来说,单层滚压和多层滚压模型并无明显的差别。因此在这些情况下,可以用单个单层滚压模型来代替多层滚压模型从而节省CPU时间。     

非完整系统动力学中的Vakonomic模型和Четаев模型

综述了非完整系统动力学中Чｅтａｅв模型和Ｖａｋｏｎｏｍｉｃ模型．论证了Ｈｅｒｔｚ,Ｃａｐｏｎ和Ｌｉｎｄｅｌｏｆ的工作与Ｖａｋｏｎｏｍｉｃ模型相吻合,而Ｈｏｌｄｅｒ,Ｐａｒｓ和Чаплыгин的工作与Четаев模型相吻合;Ｖａｋｏｎｏｍｉｃ模型和четаев模型两类模型并存的局面可以追溯到非完整力学发展的初期．说明了伴随两类模型并存的现象而出现的两个问题:ｄ－δ交换性问题和∫－δ交换性问题．综述了我国学者为统一两类模型作出的贡献．最后,展望了该领域的研究方向．      

润滑油五参数流变模型的研究

基于Evans-Johnson模型提出了润滑油五参数流变模型,利用Evans-Johnson流变模型和五参数流变模型对润滑油的拖动系数进行计算,并与试验数据进行对比.结果表明,利用五参数流变模型预测的拖动曲线与试验曲线形状一致,预测精度较高.在热效应不显著的情况下,采用Evans-Johnson流变模型和五参数流变模型预测的拖动系数基本重合,与试验值接近;在热效应比较显著的区域,利用五参数模型预测的油膜温度值高于Evans-Johnson模型的预测值,对拖动系数的预测精度远大于Evans-Johnson模型的预测精度,解决了在热效应较显著的情况下流变模型对拖动力预测精度较低的难题.     

基于最小概率DWO的激光陀螺温度误差模型辨识

鉴于激光陀螺温度误差模型的非线性和时变性,从提高模型辨识质量的需要出发,运用基于最小概率DWO（直接加权优化）的非线性系统辨识方法进行激光陀螺温度误差模型辨识研究,提出了一种精度更高的激光陀螺温度误差模型。该模型以带宽作为唯一需要确定的模型参数,避免了以往温度误差模型研究中的结构与参数辨识等复杂问题,从而在保证模型辨识质量的基础上,也相应提高了模型的适应能力,并通过两种温度误差特性有显著区别的激光陀螺（四频差动激光陀螺和二频机抖激光陀螺）的温度实验数据验证了该模型的正确性和适应性。     

混凝土损伤组合模型

在AUTODYN软件中成功嵌入了TCK模型,并总结了TCK模型中各参数的确定方法.结合TCK模型的嵌入,对AUTODYN中材料模型的二次开发进行了简要的介绍.应用AUTODYN中二次开发文件的调用规则,实现了TCK模型和RHT模型的组合,得到了组合模型,并指出了组合模型中TCK部分发生的一些变化和组合模型存在的一些问题.应用该组合模型对高速动能杆侵彻混凝土进行了仿真研究,仿真结果与试验结果符合的很好,说明该模型在高速冲击领域有很好的应用前景.     

基于微凸体接触压力分布的粗糙表面法向接触建模

提出一种考虑微凸体弹塑性接触变形影响的粗糙表面法向接触力学模型。采用有限元模拟微凸体弹塑性接触过程,分析不同塑性屈服条件对微凸体接触载荷和实际接触面积的影响。再根据微凸体接触面上压力分布的变化规律,将微凸体的接触状态分为完全弹性接触阶段、弹塑性接触阶段、完全塑性接触阶段。分析接触面压力变化规律对微凸体法向接触载荷-变形的影响,再利用GW模型的数理统计分析的方法得到粗糙表面的法向接触载荷。将本文提出的模型与完全弹性模型、CEB模型、ZMC模型、KE模型、JG模型进行对比,并且研究了塑性指数对粗糙面接触载荷-平均高度距离的影响。结果表明,本文提出的模型能够更好地描述微凸体法向接触载荷与接触变形的变化趋势,模型预测粗糙表面法向载荷与ZMC、KE模型具有较好的一致性;粗糙面接触载荷随着平均接触距离增加而减少,随着塑性指数的增加,不同模型预测的法向接触载荷差异逐渐增大。     

Solving parametric complex fluids models in rheometric flows

Inverse identification of complex fluid behaviors is a tricky task because sometimes there are several rheological parameters and the identification procedure itself is quite expensive from the computational time viewpoint. Standard inverse identification procedures solve the model for a choice of the model parameters, and then parameters are updated trying to minimize the gap between the model predictions and some available experimental measures. Thus, the model has to be evaluated for each trial set of the model parameters. When models involve a great number of degrees of freedom the identification procedure becomes a computationally expensive task. In this paper we propose a new procedure able to solve once the model for any value of the model parameters. For this purpose, all the model parameters are considered as extra-coordinates of the model. Thus, the model results finally defined in a multidimensional space including the physical space x, the time t and a number of extra-coordinates related to the model parameters. The solution of such model needs for circumventing the curse of dimensionality illness that suffer multidimensional models.     

Photoelastic model measurement with rotated principal axes by scattered-light photoelasticity

The method of measurement of a three-dimensional photoelastic model with rotated principal axes has not yet been fully experimentally established. It is known that a three-dimensional photoelastic model can be reduced to an optically equivalent model. In this paper, the optically equivalent model is realized from a stratified model consisting of two layers of the frozen stress model. The secondary principal stress direction and the relative phase retardation of the frozen disk model in the stratified frozen stress model are determined for the entire field from Stokes parameters obtained by scattered-light photoelasticity using unpolarized light. The accuracy of these values is confirmed by a comparison with results only from the frozen stress disk model.     

基于最优加权组合模型及高斯－牛顿法的滑坡变形预测研究

在对最优加权组合理论和高斯－牛顿法优化非线性模型参数的方法研究的基础上,依托于洒勒山滑坡的实际变形监测资料,建立了该滑坡变形预测的3个非线性预测模型：指数模型、Verhulst模型和灰色GM（1,1）模型;利用最优加权组合理论建立了洒勒山滑坡的最优加权组合预测模型,并运用高斯－牛顿法对各单一模型和组合模型的参数进行了优化。通过对比分析得出：组合模型的预测精度高于任何单一模型的预测精度;参数优化后各单一模型的预测精度都有不同程度的提高;参数优化后的组合模型预测精度是最高的。因此,综合运用最优组合理论和高斯－牛顿法处理滑坡预测预报模型,是提高滑坡预测预报精度的行之有效的方法。     

Extreme wind pressure estimation based on the r largest order statistics mode

提出一种基于r个最大次序统计量(r largest order statistics, r-LOS)模型的极 值风压估算方法, 该模型包括广义极值(generalized extreme value distribution, GEV)联合分布形式及Gumbel联合分布形式. 提出了独立风压峰值 r-LOS序列构造方法、最优r值确定方法、r-LOS GEV模型和r-LOS Gumbel模型的优选方法. 将r-LOS模型方法应用于某低矮工业建筑刚性模型测压试验的极 值风压估算. 当采用多段风压时程估算极值风压时, r-LOS Gumbel模型优于r-LOS GEV模型和经典Gumbel模型. 当采用单段风压时程时, 与基于改进Hermite模型的峰值因子 法、Sadek-Simiu法相比, r-LOS Gumbel模型方法能更加精确地估算极值风压, 适用于非高斯风压的极值估算, 可以给出极值风压分位点的解析解. 分析表明, r-LOS Gumbel模型方法是一种多段时程和单段时程条件下均适用的极值风压估算方法.     

两圆柱体表面接触承载能力的分形模型研究

结合M-B分形模型和Hertz接触模型理论,建立了新型两圆柱体分形接触模型,通过与M-B模型和Hertz模型的对比分析及接触强度实例计算,证明模型所反映两接触体的应力状态.结果表明,所建立的模型反映出载荷与面积呈指数关系,指数不仅与分形维数D有关,而且还与圆柱体的接触半径及接触方式有关.此模型的建立可作为相关机械产品（如齿轮和轴承等）的强度分析和优化设计的理论基础.     

优化方法用于模型校核

在工程实际中，常常会遇到需要选择本构模型和校准参数的模型校核问题。文中采用优化方法实现了复杂模型校核的自动化。文中，首先将各种本构模型映射为整数编号，并根据这些编号来激活相应的本构模型和本构模型参数，解决了本构模型的参数化问题；另外，根据模型校核问题的特点选择了试验结果和计算结果相对误差的平方和作为目标函数。通过这些步骤，用实现了优化方法模型校核自动化。     

CFD modeling using heterogeneous reaction kinetics for catalytic dehydrogenation syngas reactions in a fixed-bed reactor

A comprehensive 2D computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model was developed to simulate the flow behavior and catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of syngas in a heterogenous fixed-bed reactor （FBR）. The model combined the porous medium CFD model with a reaction kinetics model. To acquire an accu- rate reaction kinetics model, a comprehensive reaction mechanism was studied for the heterogeneous catalytic dehydrogenation reaction ofsyngas over a supported metal catalyst. Based on the reaction mech- anism and a statistical test, a reliable kinetics model was proposed. The CFD model combined with the above kinetics model was validated with one set of experimental data. The CFD model was also used to predict key reaction variable distributions such as the temperature and the component concentrations in the reactor.     

钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙静力弹塑性分析

建立了由墙肢单元模型、连粱单元模型和连接单元模型组成的钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的静力弹塑性分析计算模型。墙肢单元采用以有限元为基础的宏模型;按是否出现对角线剪切破坏,分别建立短连粱计算模型和长连粱计算模型;为计及连粱与墙肢连接界面的相对位移,建立用复合弹簧模拟的连接单元计算模型;给出了确定模型参数的方法。对有关文献的短连粱和长连粱双肢剪力墙试件进行了静力弹塑性分析,分析结果与试验结果符合较好。     

基于多重子域代理模型的结构可靠性分析

基于合理子域概念，构建多重代理模型。多重代理模型在合理子域内采用经典响应面模型，在合理子域外采用经典Kriging模型，能够充分利用两种经典模型各自的优势。多重代理模型能够合理规避经典响应面模型中响应函数采取事先假定形式带来的可靠度评估风险，同时能够有效避免经典Kriging模型中试验点组合爆炸的问题。相比经典响应面模型，多重代理模型所需试验点数量并未增加，计算效率与经典响应面模型大体相同。算例表明，本文方法的计算结果与MCS的计算结果几乎一致，具有较好的计算精度。     

滑坡预报模型的质量检验研究

 
滑坡预报模型主要用来预报滑坡发生的时间,但是如何检验效果是滑坡预报者和决策者面临的一个重要课题。本文通过提出滑坡拟合效果指标（包括后验差指标、模型拟合效率指数和均方根误差）和试预报效果指标（包括试报效果指标和相关系数指标）,初步建立了滑坡的预报质量检验模型。依据建立的检验模型,针对链子崖危岩体监测资料分别采用灰色GM（1, 1）数学模型、三次指数平滑模型和时间序列模型进行预报。预报结果表明：三种模型中,综合指标GM（1, 1）数值最高,建议该滑坡采用GM（1, 1）进行预报。通过模型的综合分析评判,不仅分析了模拟效果,而且直接比较了模型间的拟合效果,并为建立模拟效果好的模型提供了充分的依据,从而表明滑坡预报质量检验模型是一种有效、实用的方法。


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多孔格栅均匀化模型平压仿真分析

为了研究均匀化方法在一种多孔格栅结构中的应用,从格栅单胞尺度入手,建立了一种适用于有限元仿真分析的三维周期性边界条件.以ABAQUS作为分析平台,对周期性边界条件下的格栅单胞模型进行了平压仿真分析,并将仿真结果与文献实验结果对比,验证了该边界条件的可靠性.利用均匀化理论建立了格栅单胞力学平衡方程,得到了格栅均匀化模型....     

Gravitational forces in dual-porosity systems: II. Computational validation of the homogenized model

Three models are considered for single component, single phase flow in naturally fractured porous media. The microscopic model holds on the Darcy scale, and it is considered to govern the system. The macroscopic, dual-porosity model was derived in Part I of this work from the microscopic model by two-scale mathematical homogenization. In this paper, we show that the dual-porosity model predicts well the behavior of the microscopic model by comparing their computed solutions in certain reasonable test cases. Homogenization gives a complex formula for a key parameter in the dual-porosity model; herein a simple approximation to this formula is presented. The third model considered is a single-porosity model with averaged parameters. It is shown that this type of model cannot predict the behavior of the microscopic flow.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation and by the State of Texas Governor's Energy Office.