RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ) —NOETHER’S THEOREM

The existing various couple stress theories have been carefully restudied.The purpose is to propose a coupled Noether’s theorem and to reestablish rather complete conservation laws and balance equations for couple stress elastodynamics. The new concrete forms of various conservation laws of couple stress elasticity are derived. The precise nature of these conservation laws which result from the given invariance requirements are established. Various special cases are reduced and the results of micropolar continua may be naturally transited from the results presented in this paper.     

GENERALIZED NOETHER’S THEOREM OF NONHOLONOMIC NONPOTENTIAL SYSTEM IN NONINERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

The new Lagrangian of the relative motion of mechanical system is constructed,thevariational principles of Jourdain’s form of nonlinear nonholonomic nonpotential system innoninertial reference frame are established,the generalized Noether’s theorem of thesystem above is presented and proved,and the conserved quantities of system are studied.     

THE COMPLEMENTARY PROPERTY OF LINDELF’S WORK AND CHAPLYGIN’S WORK

Lindelf’s equation is derived by using the Vakonomic model,which shows that Lindelf’s work coincides with Vakonomic model. Chaplygin’s equation is derived by using Chetaev’s model, which shows that Chaplygin’s work coincides with Chetaev’s model. On basis of these, by improving the expressions of Chaplygin’s equation and Lindelf’s equation, the reasonable transition from Chaplygin’s equation to Lindelf’s equation is realized, the reasonable transition from Lindelf’s equation to Chaplygin’s equation is realized too. Finally, a typical example is given. The work of this paper shows that, just as the Vakonomic model and Chetaev’s model are complementary to each other, Lindelf’s work and Chaplygin’s work are complementary to each other too.     

EKELAND’S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND CARISTI’S COINCIDENCE THEOREM FOR SET-VALUED MAPPINGS IN PROBABILISTIC METRIC SPACES

By using the partial ordering method,a more general type,of Ekeland’s ariational principle and a set-valued Caristi’s coincidence theorem in probabilistic metric spaces are obtained.In addition,a direct simple proof of the equivalence between these two theorems in probabilistic metric spaces is given.     

A comment on the proof of Fermat's last theorem

In this paper, some conmments on the proof of Fermat’s last theorem are proposed.The main resuilt is thai the proof proposed by Wong Chiahe is only part of proof for fermat’s last theorem. That is to sqy,the proof is not all-full proof to Fermat’s last theorem.     

THE CONSERVATION LAW OF NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEM OF SECOND-ORDER NON-CHETAVE’S TYPE IN EVENT SPACE

The conservation law of nonholonomic system of second-order non-Chataev’s type in event space is studied. The Jourdain’s principle in event space is presented. The invariant condition of the Jourdain’s principle under infinitesimal transformation is given by introducing Jourdain’s generators in event space. Then the conservation law of the system in event space is obtained under certain conditions. Finally a calculating example is given.     

AN APPLICATION OF SCHAUDER’S FIXED POINT THEOREM TO THEEXISTENCE OF SOLUTlONS OF IMPULSIVELYDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper the existence of solutions of a boundary value problem forimpulsively differential equations that is difficult to solve by the upper and lowersolution method will be proved by means of Schauder’s fixed point theorem,whichimproves some existing results.     

KANE’S EQUATIONS FOR PERCUSSION MOTION OF VARIABLE MASS NONHOLONOMIC MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

In this paper,the Kane’s equations for the Routh’s form of variable massnonholonomic systems are established.and the Kane’s equations for percussion motionof variable mass holonomic and nonholonomic systems are deduced from them. Secondly,the equivalence to Lagrange’s equations for percussion motion and Kane’sequations is obtained,and the application of the new equation is illustrated by anexample.     

An improved correlation of the pressure drop in stenotic vessels using Lorentz’s reciprocal theorem

A mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system in conjunction with an accurate lumped model for a stenosis can provide better insights into the pressure wave propagation at pathological conditions. In this study, a theoretical relation between pressure drop and flow rate based on Lorentz’s reciprocal theorem is derived, which offers an identity to describe the relevance of the geometry and the convective momentum transport to the drag force. A voxelbased simulator V-FLOW VOF3 D, where the vessel geometry is expressed by using volume of fluid(VOF) functions, is employed to find the flow distribution in an idealized stenosis vessel and the identity was validated numerically. It is revealed from the correlation that the pressure drop of NS flow in a stenosis vessel can be decomposed into a linear term caused by Stokes flow with the same boundary conditions, and two nonlinear terms. Furthermore, the linear term for the pressure drop of Stokes flow can be summarized as a correlation by using a modified equation of lubrication theory, which gives favorable results compared to the numerical ones. The contribution of the nonlinear terms to the pressure drop was analyzed numerically, and it is found that geometric shape and momentum transport are the primary factors for the enhancement of drag force. This work paves a way to simulate the blood flow and pressure propagation under different stenosis conditions by using 1D mathematical model.     

A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT ON NEWTON’S ITERATIVE METHOD

For solving nonlinear and transcendental equation f(x)=0, a singnificant improvement on Newton’s method is proposed in this paper. New “Newton Like” methods are founded on the basis of Liapunov’s methods of dynamic system. These new methods preserve quadratic convergence and computational efficiency of Newton’s method, and remove the monotoneity condition imposed on f(x):f′(x)≠0.     

相对论性定轴转动变质量系统的广义Noether定理

研究相对论性定轴转动变质量系统的广义Noether定理,首先给出相对论性定轴转动变质量非完整系统的运动方程的Routh形式;其次利用Hamilton作用量在无限小变换下的不变性,研究了相对论性定轴转动变质量非完整系统的广义Noether定理和相对论性定轴转动变质量非完整系统的广义Noether逆定理;结论具有普遍意义,对于经典情形和相对论情形都适用,若m_(oi)为常量,结果化为相对论性定轴转动常质量的Noether定理;若θ《Г_i,ω_i《Г_i结果化为经典定轴转动变质量系统的初Noether定理;若m_(oi)为常量,且θ_i《Г_i,ω_i《Г_i,则结果化为经典定轴转动常质量系统的Noether定理。     

Conservation laws and symmetries of systems with unilateral constraints in phase space

By introducing the generalized quasi-symmetry of the infinitestinal transformation for transformation groupG _r , this paper studies the conservation laws and symmetries of dynamical systems with unilateral constraints in phase space. Noether's theorem and Noether's inverse theorem for mechanical systems with unilateral constraints in phase space are obtained and two kinds of equivalent forms of generalized Killing equations which are used to determine the generators of the infinitestinmal group transformation are given. The project sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation and the Doctoral Programme Foundation of Institution of Higher Education of China.     

Noether's theorem for nonholonomic systems of non-Chetaev's type with unilateral constraints in event space

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Revisiting umbra-Lagrangian-Hamiltonian mechanics: Its variational foundation and extension of Noether's theorem and Poincare-Cartan integral

This paper revisits an extension of the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian mechanics that incorporates dissipative and non-potential fields, and non-integrable constraints in a compact form, such that one may obtain invariants of motion or possible invariant trajectories through an extension of Noether's theorem. A new concept of umbra-time has been introduced for this extension. This leads to a new form of equation, which is termed as the umbra-Lagrange's equation. The underlying variational principle, which is based on a recursive minimization of functionals, is presented. The introduction of the concept of umbra-time extends the classical manifold over which the system evolves. An extension of the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian mechanics over vector fields in this extended space has been presented. The idea of umbra time is then carried forward to propose the basic concept of umbra-Hamiltonian, which is used along with the extended Noether's theorem to provide an insight into the dynamics of systems with symmetries. Gauge functions for umbra-Lagrangian are also introduced. Extension of the Poincare-Cartan integral for the umbra-Lagrangian theory is also proposed, and its implications have been discussed. Several examples are presented to illustrate all these concepts.     

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ)—NOETHER''''S THEOREM

IntroductionThispaperisadirectcontinuationofthepreviouspapers [1 ,2 ] .ThefieldequationsoflinearcouplestresselasticityweredevelopedbyMindlinandTiersten[3].AgeneralcouplestresstheorywaspresentedbyToupin[4 ].Eringen[5 ,6 ]haspointedoutthatthecouplestresstheoriesofelasticmediafluidsmaybededucedfromthemicropolarelasticityandfluidmechanicswhenthemicrorotationsiandψiareconstrainedbytherotationvectorωiofclassicalelasticityandvorticityvectorrioffluidmechanics,respectively .AnexpressionoftheJ_int…     

Periodic Solutions and Approximate Symmetries

Assuming that a dynamical system (DS) has a periodic solutionwith period T in the neighborhood of an equilibrium, a newDS can be obtained which governs approximately the motion oftrajectories in the neighborhood of the periodic orbit. Approximatesymmetries and first integrals have been discussed for this DS. Theresults have been demonstrated on the Helmholtz oscillator.     

The Influence of Moduli Slope of a Linearly Graded Matrix on the Bulk Moduli of Some Particle- and Fiber-Reinforced Composites

The stored energy functional of a homogeneous isotropic elastic body is invariant with respect to translation and rotation of a reference configuration. One can use Noether's Theorem to derive the conservation laws corresponding to these invariant transformations. These conservation laws provide an alternative way of formulating the system of equations governing equilibrium of a homogeneous isotropic body. The resulting system is mathematically identical to the system of equilibrium equations and constitutive relations, generally, of another material. This implies that each solution of the system of equilibrium equations gives rise to another solution, which describes the reciprocal deformation and solves the system of equilibrium equations of another material. In this paper we derive conservation laws and prove the theorem on conjugate solutions for two models of elastic homogeneous isotropic bodies – the model of a simple material and the model of a material with couple stress (Cosserat continuum). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.