钢丝绳隔振器的非线性动力学模型

基于非线性钢丝绳隔振器的静态力学特性,引入了频率软化系数,建立了非线性动力学隔振模型.基于该模型研究了钢丝绳隔振器对冲击激励与随机激励的动态响应,对结果进行了讨论.理论分析与数值模拟表明:引入频率软化系数的隔振模型比传统的线性动力学模型具有更好的隔振效果,更加符合实际情况.     

颗粒离散元法研究进展

回顾了颗粒离散元法(DEM)的发展过程.综述了该方法的理论和各种颗粒作用模型，包括各种实用的干颗粒 DEM模型和研究中的湿颗粒建模的进展；介绍了国内外颗粒离散元法模拟的成就以及离散元法与其他数值方法结合的扩展性研究的进展.最后指出了存在的问题，并对发展动向进行了预测.     

颗粒流的动力学模型和实验研究进展

首先叙述了颗粒流研究的背景和基本概念,接着概述了颗粒流动力学研究的三种基本数学力学模型:颗粒动理论(kinetic theory)模型、摩擦塑性模型和离散元模拟模型.介绍了它们的基本原理,并分析了各个模型的优缺点和适用范围.随之,对颗粒流的实验研究情况作了简要的介绍,列举了研究中几种常用的试验方法和观测手段,以及观测到的一些典型现象.最后,我们简述了颗粒流研究的主要困难,并提出了某些有待解决的研究课题.      

钢丝绳模型比较研究

将现有的各种钢丝绳计算模型进行比较研究，通过将数值结果与现有的实验数据进行比较可以看出，考虑绳芯变化并结合Love曲杆理论的JW和KC模型更适用于实际的钢丝绳结构。     

遗传算法在冲击隔振中的应用研究

借助泰勒级数给出了钢丝绳隔振器的一阶近似非线性数学模型, 选用遗传算法对系统固有频 率进行二进制编码; 然后建立了相应的冲击仿真模型, 并对冲击载荷作用下装有钢丝绳隔振 器的移动硬盘进行仿真实验. 理论分析与仿真结果表明, 采用遗传算法的仿真模型能够适应 脉冲宽度的多变性, 克服隔振效果与最大允许变形之间的矛盾, 良好地反演出钢丝绳隔振系 统的固有频率.     

钢丝绳捻制成形的空间几何模型与有限元分析

根据钢丝绳捻制成形原理，在考虑钢丝绳空间几何形状的基础上，建立了引入自扭转系数时钢丝绳的几何结构计算模型和钢丝绳捻制成形有限元计算边界条件模型。进而编制了相应的有限元建模程序，生成可被ANSYS直接调用的数据文件。分析了钢丝绳一次捻制和二次捻制的加工应力应变变化情况，并讨论了自扭转系数对加工应力应变的影响。     

离散元法研究的评述

介绍了离散元法的基本理论、计算方法及其应用的现状和最新进展.从离散元法的离散模型特点及便于甄别与其它数值计算方法的关系的角度给予离散元法一个比较宽松的定义.在此基础上阐明了离散元方法与刚体-弹簧模型(rigid body spring model, RBSM)方法,不连续变形分析(discontinuous deformation analysis, DDA)方法,分子动力学(moleculardynamics, MD)方法,三维离散元(discrete meso-element dynamicmethod, DM$^2$)方法及无网格方法(meshless method)等数值计算方法的关系, 并讨论了离散元法研究中亟待解决的问题和今后的发展方向.      

基于实验模态分析的点阵夹层结构动态性能预测

引入均一化等效理论,对金字塔型结构芯体夹层材料的芯体弹性常数进行均一化等效处理,并将其用于研究该夹层材料结构的动态性能．同时采用三维（3D）离散有限元模型计算了结构的动态性能．为验证了理论预测的正确性,设计并制备了金字塔点阵悬臂梁,进行了实验模态分析,将实验结果与理论计算的各阶自振频率进行了比较．结果表明：该模型对低阶自振频率的计算结果与实验结果、3D离散有限元模型计算结果吻合得都比较好,一阶自振频率误差不到5％,其它误差在10％左右．     

旋转运动柔性梁的假设模态方法研究

采用假设模态法对旋转运动柔性梁的动力特性进行研究，给出简化的控制模型. 首先采用Hamilton原理和假设模态离散化方法，在计入柔性梁由于横向变形而引起的轴向变形的二阶耦合量的条件下，推导出基于柔性梁变形位移场一阶完备的一次近似耦合模型，然后对该模型进行简化，忽略柔性梁纵向变形的影响，给出一次近似简化模型，最后将采用假设模态离散化方法的结果与采用有限元离散化方法的结果进行了对比研究. 研究中考虑了两种情况：非惯性系下的动力特性研究和系统大范围运动为未知的动力特性研究. 研究结果显示，当系统大范围运动为高速时，在假设模态离散化方法中应增加模态数目，较少的模态数目将导致较大误差. 一次近似简化模型能够较好地反映出系统的动力学行为，可用于主动控制设计的研究.     

轴向加载下不同捻向多股钢丝绳的力学行为研究

多股钢丝绳在工程结构中广泛应用，其中多数钢丝经过两次捻绕成为二次螺旋钢丝。基于Love弹性曲杆理论和变形前后钢丝绳结构状态分析，建立了轴向加载下考虑二次螺旋钢丝局部变形行为的多股钢丝绳弹性理论模型，并通过有限元模拟研究了钢丝绳的弹塑性力学响应。将弹性理论模型结果与有限元模拟结果、Costello模型进行了对比验证，进一步分析了不同捻向钢丝绳(顺捻、交互捻)整绳和局部钢丝的力学行为。研究发现二次螺旋钢丝的局部响应不同于单股绳一次螺旋钢丝，钢丝的弯曲和扭转变形沿钢丝绳截面周期性变化。整绳受拉伸载荷时，沿钢丝轴线的拉伸变形占主要部分，交互捻钢丝的弯曲和扭转变形均小于顺捻钢丝，且扭转变形的方向与顺捻钢丝相反。在通常弹性使用范围内，交互捻钢丝绳沿钢丝截面的最大拉伸和扭转应力均小于顺捻钢丝绳，且产生的反作用扭矩更小，因此优于顺捻钢丝绳。     

电爆炸过程中金属丝阻抗的变化

为了掌握金属丝阻抗的变化规律,通过分压器和罗氏线圈分别测量出电爆炸过程中金属丝上的电压和电流,并由此计算出金属丝阻抗等相关电参数随时间变化的规律;采用F.D.Bennett和A.Hobson模型对金属丝阻抗进行了数值模拟,得到金属丝阻抗随时间的变化规律。实验结果和模拟结果的比较表明:两个模型的模拟结果均在金属丝气化前和部分初始放电电压下有效;当放电时电容器初始电压较大时,能量沉积速度更快,金属丝液化、气化、完全气化所用的时间更短;在金属丝爆炸过程中,金属丝阻抗存在一个最大值。     

Searching for efficient X-ray radiators for wire array Z-pinch plasmas using mid-atomic-number single planar wire arrays on Zebra at UNR

We continue to search for more efficient X-ray radiators from wire array Z-pinch plasmas. The results of recent experiments with single planar wire array (SPWA) loads made from mid-atomic-number material wires such as Alumel, Cu, Mo, and Ag are presented and compared. In particular, two new efficient X-ray radiators, Alumel (95% Ni, 2% Al, and 2% Si) and Ag, are introduced, and their radiative properties are discussed in detail. The experiments were performed on the 1 MA Zebra generator at UNR. The X-ray yields from such mid-atomic-number SPWAs exceed twice those from low-atomic-number SPWAs, such as Al, and increase with the atomic number to reach more than 27–29 kJ for Ag. To consider the main contributions to the total radiation, we divided the time interval of the Z-pinch dynamic where wire ablation and implosion, stagnation, and plasma expansion occur in corresponding phases and studied the radiative and implosion characteristics within them. Theoretical tools such as non-LTE kinetics and wire ablation dynamic models were applied in the data analysis. These results and the models developed have much broader applications, not only for SPWAs on Zebra, but for other HED plasmas with mid-atomic-number ions.     

电爆炸丝的电气特性

根据金属导体电阻与比作用量的关系和A.Hobson提出的金属丝阻抗随时间的变化规律分别建立了2种仿真模型研究电爆炸丝断路开关的电气特性;测量了电爆炸过程中金属丝两端的电压,结果表明:A.Hobson模型只有在电爆炸丝汽化前有效;电阻率-比作用量模型适用于整个电爆炸过程的宏观描述.因此,对含电爆炸丝元件的电路仿真模拟采用...     

Fracture strength for a high strength steel bridge cable wire with a surface crack

In this paper, the fracture strength of a cracked suspension bridge wire is determined based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The wire is 5 mm in diameter, with an original ultimate strength of 1725 MPa and ultimate elongation that ranges between 5.5% and 6%. The average value of for the wire fracture toughness, K_C, was recently evaluated by the author. The state of practice is to use the ultimate strength of the cracked wire as obtained from tensile tests. This approach may overestimate the strength of the wire due to possible delamination and crack tip plasticity. A case study for a group of in situ wire breaks retrieved from a suspension bridge cable is presented. The failure analysis is performed based on both the fracture toughness criterion and the net section theory. The fracture toughness criterion produced more realistic results for the fracture strength of the wire. The decline in the fracture toughness and the corresponding reduction in the fracture strength of cracked degraded wire are predicted making use of the strain energy density criterion.     

Analysis of temperature and stress field in Al alloy’s twin wire welding

By analyzing the shape of twin wire welding’s arcs and the track of droplets’ transition, the phenomenon that the twin wire welding’s fore arc and rear arc all deflect to the middle of the two arcs is found. Based on this the double ellipsoid heat source model is amended, and a heat source model which can apply to calculate the twin wire welding’s temperature field is put forward. This model is testified by actual experiment of temperature sampling. By comparing the temperature field of twin wire welding and single wire welding, the results show that twin wire welding has slender weld pool the end part of which is ellipsoid, and its HAZ is narrower than that of single wire welding. So, twin wire welding can not only reduce the Al alloy generating hot crack, but can also weaken the “overaging” softened phenomenon of heat treated strengthening Al alloy. In the end, the evolving rules of 2219 Al alloy’s longitudinal and transverse stress when welded with twin wire welding are analyzed.     

服役导线的力学性能退化研究

为更清楚地了解阳江35kV服役导线的运行状态,从分析导线断线原因出发,通过对老旧导线的单丝断裂强度、弹性模量、应力应变曲线、拉断力、抗拉强度等综合指标的测试与分析,研究服役导线的力学性能,由试验结果得出:35kV老旧导线钢芯的直径变化对于架空导线的外径变化有直接的影响,老旧导线的铝线直径变化较小,其外径增大1.67%~4.24%;钢单线的拉断应力仍能达到标准中规定值的106%,且伸长率也满足要求;部分铝线的抗拉强度低于95%;绞线拉断力仍能达到95%的计算拉断力。但是相同规格下的老旧导线的抗拉强度比新导线的抗拉强度低2%~18%。结果表明:阳江地区服役三十年以上的老旧导线在力学性能上仍能继续承载。     

基于ASME应变限制准则的小冲杆试验等效断裂应变

为更清楚地了解阳江35kV服役导线的运行状态,从分析导线断线原因出发,通过对老旧导线的单丝断裂强度、弹性模量、应力应变曲线、拉断力、抗拉强度等综合指标的测试与分析,研究服役导线的力学性能,由试验结果得出：35kV老旧导线钢芯的直径变化对于架空导线的外径变化有直接的影响,老旧导线的铝线直径变化较小,其外径增大1.67％~4.24％;钢单线的拉断应力仍能达到标准中规定值的106%,且伸长率也满足要求;部分铝线的抗拉强度低于95%;绞线拉断力仍能达到95%的计算拉断力。但是相同规格下的老旧导线的抗拉强度比新导线的抗拉强度低2%~18%。结果表明：阳江地区服役三十年以上的老旧导线在力学性能上仍能继续承载。     

一种电力架空线垂度的简算方法

以输配电工程中带有绝缘子的电力架空线为研究对象, 简化绝缘子的力学模型, 采用纵横弯 曲理论推导了钢芯铝铰线的挠度方程, 计算了在自重和温度载荷共同作用下的架空线垂度和 水平张力. 计算结果表明, 文中算法简单有效, 架空线跨距和温度等是架空线垂度的主要 影响因素. 架空线垂度对温度的平均变率为2.55mm/$^{\circ}$C; 当跨距减 小1%时, 垂度增加近60%.     

A three dimensional approach to model steel wire ropes used in high energy absorber apparatus

The modeling method and dynamical characteristics of steel wire ropes has been researched for several decades. In the past, steel wire ropes were usually modeled as a two dimensional system, which was only suitable for the planar motion. Also, no kink-wave propagation was considered when steel wire ropes were used in relatively low speed engineering application areas. By contrast, a three dimensional approach to model steel wire ropes used in high energy absorber apparatus is presented in this paper. Three dimensional contacts between steel wire ropes and other objects and kink-wave propagation in steel wire ropes are taken into consideration when applying the new approach to model steel wire ropes. Compared to the two dimensional model of steel wire ropes, the proposed model regards steel wire ropes as a multi-body system consisting of identical cylindrical elements with 6 degrees of freedom connected by space constraints. Impact forces generated by three dimensional contacts between steel wire ropes and other objects are calculated and theories of elastic wave propagation are applied to analyze the kink-wave propagation when steel wire ropes are loaded with a sudden perpendicular impact by a high speed moving object. In addition, mathematical model of steel wire ropes is established and numerical simulation of the three dimensional model of steel wire ropes is implemented. By comparing the simulation results with the experimental data available, the model of steel wire ropes proposed in this paper is demonstrated to be valid and correct. Therefore, the proposed modeling method can be treated as a new approach in the research field of modeling steel wire ropes. The dynamical characteristics of the steel wire ropes based on this new modeling approach are addressed simultaneously and plots of the dynamics of steel wire ropes cannot only be regarded as a basis for the further comparative studies, but also can provide some significant and interesting results.