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1.
人造多晶冰抗压强度实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对实验室制作的平均粒径为4mm的宏观各向同性粒状多晶冰,在冰温分别为-0.5、-2、-5和-10℃及应变率分别为4.2×10-4、5.5×10-5、5.5×10-6及3.5×10-7s-1下进行了单轴抗压强度实验。结果表明,极限抗压强度与负温和应变率的对数均呈正比例关系;在较高应变率下(4.2×10-4s-1),在-5℃时,出现韧脆性转折点。 相似文献
2.
用等离子体源离子渗氮,即低能(1-3keV)、超大剂量(10^19-10^20ions/cm^2量级)N^+注入-同步扩散改性技术,在280℃和380℃下处理1cR9Ti奥氏全不锈钢,获得了最大深度分别为1.6μm和10.6μm,固溶N的最高原子浓度均约为25%的N过饱和面心立方相(γN)改性层。销-盘磨损试验表明:在2m/s和较宽负荷范围(等效正应力0.2-2.8MPa)条件下,高硬主(HK0. 相似文献
3.
Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Ti-B-MoS2系合金高温摩擦学特性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用粉末冶金法制备了Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Ti-B-MoS2系宽温度范围自润滑合金材料,测试了合金机械性能及其在室温至600 ℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能,同时还探讨了其耐磨机理.研究结果表明,MoS2 质量分数为10% 的合金具有较好的机械和摩擦磨损综合性能.该合金主要由Ni基固溶体、Ni3Al、Ni3(Al,Ti)、不定比化合物CrxSy、MoS2 和Mo2S3 等相组成,在室温至300 ℃范围内摩擦表面形成含硫化合物复合膜而起润滑作用,高温摩擦时承载表面形成釉质层,次表层形成氧化层,其硬度比合金基体高,这是合金具有良好高温耐磨性的基础.高温下摩擦表面及磨屑中的氧化物及残余硫化物的协同作用使摩擦系数进一步降低. 相似文献
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5.
四种陶瓷材料与SUS304不锈钢的高温摩擦学特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了探索陶瓷与金属组合作为高温润滑材料的可能性,利用端面摩擦磨损试验机测定了4种陶瓷SiC、Si3N4、Al2O3和ZrO2与SUS304不锈钢在室温至500℃下的摩擦学性能.摩擦试验结果表明,SiC、Si3N4和Al2O3在低于200℃时的摩擦系数稳定且都低于0.2,但在200℃以上时的摩擦性能却都不稳定,摩擦系数在0.2-0.4之间;ZrO2在200℃以下时的摩擦性能不稳定,而在200℃以上时的摩擦系数低于6.2且较稳定。磨损试验结果表明,在4种陶瓷中ZrO2的磨损率最低[-2.60×10-9mm3/(N·m)],SiC和Si3N4的磨损率居中[分别为1.80×10-6mm3/(N·m)和4.40×10-6mm3/(N·m)],Al2O3的磨损率最高[3.64×10-5mm3/(N·m)];分别与这4种陶瓷对磨的不锈钢的磨损率都高[1.40×10-5-4.52×10-5mm3/(N·m)]. 相似文献
6.
用粉末冶金法制备了Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Ti-B-MoS2系宽温度范围自澜残杀则试了合金机械性能及其在室温600℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能,同时还了其耐磨机理。研究结果表明,MoS2质量分数为10%的合金具有较好的机械和摩擦磨损综合性能。该合金主要由Ni基固溶体、Ni3Al、Ni3(Al,Ti)、不定比化合物CrxSy、MoS2和Mo2S3等相组成,在室温至300℃范围内摩擦表面形成含硫化合物复合膜 相似文献
7.
超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟及测试技术研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟技术及相应的极端高温环境力学测试技术,是高超声速飞行器防热材料和结构安全设计中事关研制成败的关键技术。本文介绍了自行研制的可实现高至210℃/s的极快非线性升温速率、能够生成高达2MW/m2的瞬态非线性热流密度、实现高达1500℃超高温氧化热环境的石英灯红外辐射式气动热环境试验模拟系统。基于这一性能优越的超高温气动热环境试验模拟系统,发展了如下超高温热环境力学测试技术:1)提出对环境光变化不敏感的主动成像数字图像相关方法,实现了C/SiC复合材料1550℃高温变形的非接触、全场光学测量;2)发展了1400℃超高温热/力联合试验环境下SiC/SiC复合材料结构的断裂特性试验测试技术。本文还简要介绍了高速巡航导弹翼面结构900℃高温热振联合试验,950℃高温非线性热环境下的蜂窝结构隔热性试验等研究内容。本文所发展的超高温气动热环境试验模拟技术和高温热环境力学测试技术,对航天航空领域高超声速飞行器的研制具有重要的军事工程应用价值。 相似文献
8.
为使返回舱安全、稳定、可靠地飞行,准确地计算其周围的复杂绕流流场,对飞船的初步设计是十分必要的。用Harten-Yee的二阶迎风TVD有限差分格式求解薄层N-S方程,模拟了返回舱三维高超声速流场,M_∞=7.35,Re_∞=7.5×10 ̄5,α=10°、20°。给出了详细的绕流结构,不同攻角、不同子午面上的物面压力分布与Moseley和wells的实验数据进行了比较,符合较好。通过分析表明,在一定的攻角下,倒锥体上低压区压力的计算精度,对力矩系数及压心位置仍有明显的影响。 相似文献
9.
特定密封环摩擦性能的时效对比试验研究是为其定型设计提供科学依据的重要手段.以聚四氟乙烯与Ly12Cz铝合金作为摩擦副,运用牵引法原理,在自行设计制造的由微机实时控制的NPU89-I型测定仪上测定摩擦系数.试件在温度(18±2)℃和相对湿度(70±5)%的环境中存放,而有大部分试件于测试之前分别在-20℃,-25℃,-30℃,-35℃和-40℃的低温下冷冻36h,测得平均滑动摩擦系数μ=0.299±0.019.在5年储存期内的时效对比试验结果表明,其摩擦系数没有发生明显的变化 相似文献
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Ultrasonic wave speed measurements are widely used to infer the elastic properties of solids. In the standard method, longitudinal
and shear transducers are used separately to measure the corresponding wave speeds in a material. A new experimental method
is introduced for simultaneously measuring the longitudinal and the shear wave speeds using a single set of longitudinal or
shear transducers. The method can also be used to measure the wave speeds in situ during deformation by placing the transducers along the loading axis. The transducers are housed in a specially designed
fixture such that they are not subjected to loading. The technique is demonstrated by performing uniaxial compression experiments
on fully dense isotropic solids (where the wave speeds are not expected to change during deformation) and in polymeric foams
(where the wave speeds are affected by damage). 相似文献
12.
Soil strain transducers were used to determine strain in an initially loose sandy loam soil in a soil bin beneath the centerline of an 18.4R38 radial-ply tractor drive tire operating at 10% travel reduction. The initial depth of the midpoints of the strain transducers beneath the undisturbed soil surface was 220 mm. Strain was determined in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral directions. Initial lengths of strain transducers were approximately 118 mm for the longitudinal and lateral transducers and 136 mm for the vertical transducer. The tire dynamic load was 25 kN and the inflation pressure was 110 kPa, which was a recommended pressure corresponding to the load. In each of four replications, as the tire approached and passed over the strain transducers, the soil first compressed in the longitudinal direction, then elongated, and then compressed again. The soil was compressed in the vertical direction and elongated in the lateral direction. Mean natural strains of the soil following the tire pass were −0.200 in the vertical direction, +0.127 in the lateral direction, and −0.027 in the longitudinal direction. The mean final volumetric natural strain from the strain transducer data was −0.099, which was only 35% of the mean change in natural volumetric strain calculated from soil core samples, −0.286. This difference likely resulted from the greater length of the lateral strain transducer relative to the 69 mm lateral dimension of the soil cores. The strain transducer data indicated the occurrence of plastic flow in the soil during one of the four replications. These results indicate the complex nature of soil movement beneath a tire during traffic and emphasize a shortcoming of soil bulk density data because soil deformation can occur during plastic flow while soil bulk density remains constant. 相似文献
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S. M. Afonin 《Mechanics of Solids》2013,48(3):270-284
Mechanical and control characteristics of a multilayer piezoelectric transducer of nanoand microdisplacements in the case of parallel and encoded control are obtained. The static and dynamic characteristics of simple and multilayer piezoelectric transducers of nano- and microscopic displacements are determined for longitudinal and transverse piezoeffects. 相似文献
15.
Soil compaction can occur due to machine traffic and is an indicator of soil physical structure degradation. For this study 3 strain transducers with a maximum displacement of 5 cm were used to measure soil compaction under the rear tire of MF285 tractor. In first series of experiments, the effect of tractor traffic was investigated using displacement transducers and cylindrical cores. For the second series, only strain transducers were used to evaluate the effect of moisture levels of 11%, 16% and 22%, tractor velocities of 1, 3 and 5 km/h, and three depths of 20, 30 and 40 cm on soil compaction, and soil behavior during the compaction process was investigated. Results showed that no significant difference was found between the two methods of measuring the bulk density. The three main factors were significant on soil compaction at a probability level of 1%. The mutual binary effect of moisture and depth was significant at 1%, and the interaction of moisture, velocity, and depth were significant at 5%. The soil was compressed in the vertical direction and elongated in the lateral direction. In the longitudinal direction, the soil was initially compressed by the approaching tractor, then elongated, and ultimately compressed again. 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2007,44(3-4):1277-1290
In this paper, longitudinal and transverse wave velocities propagating into aluminum alloy A6061 under simple shear and pure shear were studied experimentally. Compared with the same velocity change tendencies of transverse wave under simple shear and pure shear, longitudinal wave velocity shows different change tendencies under both shear states, regardless of the same shear strain states in two cases. Finite element analysis was performed and the analyzed results indicate that the transverse wave velocity depends on texture evolutions mainly, whereas the longitudinal wave velocity is sensitively influenced by point defects induced by cross-slips. Consequently, the longitudinal wave velocity showing a sensitive response to the point defects was examined by measuring longitudinal wave velocity changes propagating into Al single crystal subjected to the combination loads of equi-biaxial tension and compression. 相似文献
17.
The propagation of elastic waves is studied in a porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids.The propagation of three longitudinal waves is represented through three scalar potential functions.The lone transverse wave is presented by a vector potential function.The displacements of particles in different phases of the aggregate are defined in terms of these potential functions.It is shown that there exist three longitudinal waves and one transverse wave.The phenomena of reflection and refraction due to longitudinal and transverse waves at a plane interface between an elastic solid half-space and a porous solid half-space saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids are investigated.For the presence of viscosity in pore-fluids,the waves refracted to the porous medium attenuate in the direction normal to the interface.The ratios of the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves to that of the incident wave are calculated as a nonsingular system of linear algebraic equations.These amplitude ratios are used to further calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of the incident wave.The modulus of the amplitude and the energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model.The conservation of the energy across the interface is verified.The effects of variations in non-wet saturation of pores and frequencies on the energy partition are depicted graphically and discussed. 相似文献
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Experimental analysis of dynamic mechanical properties for artificially frozen clay by the split Hopkinson pressure bar 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qin-Yong Ma 《Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics》2010,51(3):448-452
A device for impact compression experiments is the split Hopkinson pressure bar with a refrigerating attemperator. Data for
incident and reflected waves are obtained by the measuring technique with strain gauges, and data for transmitted waves are
obtained by the measuring technique with semiconductor gauges. Static compression tests of frozen clay are conducted at an
identical temperature and different strain rates of 0.001 and 0.01 sec
−1
. Dynamic stress-strain curves are obtained at strain rates of 360–1470 sec
−1
. The low and high temperatures correspond to high and low strain rates, respectively. It is shown that both the temperature
and strain rate affect the frozen soil deformation process. Different dynamic stress-strain curves obtained at the same temperature
but different strain rates are found to converge. The test results indicate that frozen soil has both temperature-brittleness
and impact-brittleness. 相似文献
20.
V. M. Kulik 《Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics》2006,47(3):394-400
The velocity and the rate of decay of a strain wave in a layer of a viscoelastic material rigidly fixed on a solid foundation
are determined. The wave structure (ratio of the longitudinal to the transverse displacement) and the profiles of these displacements
are analyzed. Attenuation of waves in the first mode is found to be more significant than that in an infinite space. The most
intense decay is observed at resonance frequencies. A strong effect of compressibility of the medium on wave parameters is
revealed. Conditions at which such a system operates as a waveguide are found. For a loss tangent higher than 0.13 (for an
incompressible medium), the character of the dispersion dependence is observed to change drastically: the wave velocity decreases
with decreasing frequency.
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Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 104–111, May–June, 2006. 相似文献