钢框架抗震耗能节点梁的极限承载力分析1）

为提高结构的抗震性能,框架结构中以翼缘削弱型节点为代表的延性耗能节点逐渐代替传统节点,为研究翼缘削弱型节点框架梁在单向比例加载时的极限载荷,对削弱梁极限状态进行了分析,判定极限状态下削弱梁塑性铰生成的位置并计算极限载荷,将计算结果和普通梁进行对比.分析结果表明：削弱梁越长承载力下降越明显,对短梁需要选择合适的削弱参数,才能避免塑性铰出现在梁端.研究结果可为削弱梁塑性设计提供依据,同时拓展结构力学极限载荷学习内容.     

钢框架翼缘削弱型和扩翼型节点受力性能研究

采用翼缘削弱型节点及扩翼型节点可以使塑性铰外移,缓解梁柱节点连接处应力集中,避免在焊接热影响区发生脆性破坏.针对削弱型节点、扩翼型和普通刚性节点进行了数值分析,结果表明:削弱型节点由于梁翼缘削弱,导致节点承载力降低,扩翼型节点增加了梁端翼缘板宽度,承载力高于削弱型节点和普通刚性节点.通过计算模型分析了节点的设计参数,并给出节点设计参数取值范围,为钢框架节点抗震设计提供理论分析依据.     

ENERGY-BASED PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE RESISTANCE ANALYSIS OF STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES WITH SEMI-RIGID CONNECTIONS1)

为研究半刚性钢框架结构的抗连续倒塌能力,基于能量法推导半刚性钢框架在连续倒塌工况下的抗力-位移曲线,得到各倒塌阶段的抗力表达式,从小变形状态下的梁机制和大变形状态下的悬链线机制分阶段研究半刚性钢框架结构的抗力性能;通过与已有试验的数据结果对比分析,验证了理论公式的可靠性.结果表明：提出的半刚性钢框架的连续倒塌抗力表达式计算过程简单,结果可靠,可实现对结构连续倒塌抗力的快速分析,为相关设计提供了依据.     

半刚接钢框架的动力分析

推导了半刚接钢框架动力有限元的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵．建立了具有不同节点初始刚度的半刚接多层钢框架及相应刚性框架的计算模型．采用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟分析，研究了节点刚度对结构自振频率的影响以及结构在谐振荷载作用下的响应，对地震波激励下的结构进行了时程分析．分析结果表明不半刚接框架节点的柔性对结构自振频率产生较大的影响，节点柔性越大，结构自振频率降低也越大，结构的抗震设计应考虑节点柔性的影响；半刚接钢框架顶点位移和柱底剪力时程曲线在地震波激励时间内表现出良好的稳定性，柔性连接可以代替刚性节点用于抗震区的钢框架设计中．     

Analyses and evaluations for composite-moment frames with SMA PR-CFT connections

This paper describes seismic performance and evaluation for composite-moment frames (C-MF) with a new type of bolted connections. The study is purely analytical and explores the effort needed to establish new connection parameters without large-scale physical testing. The innovative aspects of this research are in the use of partial restraint (PR) connections between steel beams and concrete-filled tube (CFT) columns that utilize a combination of low-carbon steel and shape memory alloy (SMA) components as the main force transfer elements in the connections. The intent is to utilize the recentering provided by super-elastic shape memory tension bars to reduce building damage and residual drift after a major earthquake, and the energy dissipation of low-carbon steel components in parallel. Accurate modeling and computational efficiency were achieved through the use of a simplified joint element which includes all connection strength and deformation components. Four- and six-story C-MF models were designed for a high seismic zone in the western USA. Two connection types and three column systems installed at these prototype frame models were investigated through nonlinear pushover and dynamic analyses. The C-MF models with new bolted connections were compared to those with traditional welded connections. The results of numerical analysis demonstrate that C-MF with new PR connections show superior structural performance as indicated by small residual deformation and better distribution of the demand over the height of the structure.     

带变截面可更换耗能梁段的高强钢框架-偏心支撑有限元参数分析

提出了一种新型变截面可更换耗能梁,控制塑性变形集中在耗能区域中,通过扩大截面与框架梁采取翼缘和腹板螺栓拼接连接,易于实现螺栓弹性设计,减小螺栓滑移,完成耗能梁端在地震作用后的更换。利用变截面可更换耗能梁段中部区域耗能集中与塑性变形优越的特性,结合高强钢的较大弹性变形,在偏心支撑钢框架中设置变截面可更换耗能梁段,形成带变截面可更换耗能梁段的高强钢框架-偏心支撑结构体系,通过有限元软件模拟验证了已有端板连接可更换耗能梁段试验,对比破坏模式、承载能力与耗能特性,以此为基础,建立了带变截面可更换耗能梁段的高强钢框架-偏心支撑结构有限元模型,通过循环加载研究了结构的承载能力、刚度、受力特点、塑性转角和塑性分布等受力机理。考虑了中间耗能区域长度(e)、钢材牌号组合和变截面可更换耗能梁段长度(e'')三个参数变化对结构抗震性能的影响规律。     

竖向载荷对半刚性连接钢框架抗震性能的影响

利用拟动力试验对T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架在2 种地震峰值加速度下的抗震性能进行研究, 并对比分析了钢框架在柱顶施加竖向载荷和无竖向载荷等2 种工况下的应变、位移和载荷变化, 以及载荷-位移滞回曲线. 结果表明: T 型钢半刚性连接钢框架具有较好的变形能力, 滞回性能良好, 抗震能力较强, 且随着地震作用的增大, 钢框架的动力反应增大; 竖向载荷对钢框架的层间位移反应影响较大, 而对节点区域的应变和层间载荷的影响较小.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的力学性能分析

基于弹塑性有限元理论建立了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点荷载-位移全过程非线性有限元模型,在单元分析中采用改进的AUL表述推导得到梁柱单元刚度矩阵方程,同时考虑了材料的物理非线性和单元的几何非线性,并编制了非线性有限元程序NLFEACFST。采用该模型对相关研究者和作者进行的节点试验进行了分析,理论计算结果与试验结果比较表明,该模型具有很好的适用性和精度。在理论分析模型得到试验结果验证的基础上,对典型的中柱节点进行了荷载-位移全过程非线性特性分析,并对影响节点承载力和荷载-位移骨架曲线的因素进行了参数分析,为进一步从理论研究钢管混凝土框架结构的力学性能创造了条件。     

考虑节点损伤的钢框架结构分析模型

钢框架结构在强震作用下将进入非线性状态,结构的刚度和强度等力学性能随之降低,从而影响到结构以后的抗震性能.本文利用断裂力学的基本原理,通过对栓焊节点存在焊缝裂纹的钢框架刚性连接节点的分析,推导了裂纹的有效长度和有效深度,获得了有损伤刚性连接节点的M-θ关系;并推导了节点有损伤的梁单元刚度矩阵.在数值计算的基础上分析了节点刚度变化对框架结构内力的影响,结果表明节点损伤对结构内力分析影响显著,对有损伤钢框架结构进行承载力评估时必须考虑节点损伤的影响.     

水平荷载下型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架受力性能非线性数值分析

在型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架拟静力试验的基础上,采用Abaqus软件建立该组合框架有限元模型并进行非线性数值分析,获取组合框架的变形图、应力云图及荷载-位移骨架曲线,分析组合框架的受力破坏特征,验证了有限元模型的合理性,并对组合框架进行了参数分析。结果表明,数值模拟计算值和试验值对比误差较小,数值计算模型能够较好地模拟该组合框架的受力性能;组合框架符合强柱弱梁的破坏机制;另外,提高型钢强度或再生混凝土强度对组合框架承载力和刚度有利,但对其变形能力不利;框架承载力和刚度随着梁柱线刚度的增加而提高;增大轴压比对于组合框架的抗震性能和延性不利。研究结论可为该类绿色组合框架的工程应用提供参考。     

A NEW SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAM ELEMENT INCLUDING TRANSVERSE AND TORSIONAL SHEAR DEFORMATION

基于Timoshenko梁及Benscoter薄壁杆件理论,建立了考虑剪切变形、弯扭耦合以及翘曲剪应力影响的空间任意开闭口薄壁截面梁单元. 通过引入单元内部结点,对弯曲转角和翘曲角采用三节点Lagrange独立插值的方法,考虑了剪切变形和翘曲剪应力的影响并避免了横向剪切锁死问题;借助载荷作用下薄壁梁的截面运动分析,在位移和应变方程中考虑了弯扭耦合的影响. 通过数值算例将该单元的计算结果与理论解以及商用有限元软件和其他文献中的数值解进行对比和验证,结果对比表明该薄壁梁单元具有良好的精度和收敛性.     

含缺陷半无限长梁在阶跃载荷作用下的塑性动力特性及失效分析

分析了在任意位置含一缺陷的半无限长梁在自由端受阶跃载荷作用下的刚塑性动力响应,重点讨论了结构响应模式和缺陷处的能量耗散,给出了不同载荷大小和缺陷参数组合下的完全解,所得结果对确定管道结构的动态失效准则有参考价值.     

Investigating effects of various base restraints on the nonlinear inelastic static and seismic responses of steel frames

This paper deals with effects of various base restraints on the nonlinear inelastic static and seismic response of plane and space steel frames. The inelastic behavior is captured by a plastic fiber beam-column method, in which the beam-column member is monitored by integration points along the member length, and the cross-section is meshed into several sub-sections. The second-order effects are considered through the use of stability functions and the geometric stiffness matrix. The effect of shear deformation is also taken into account. The column-base restraint is simulated by using a multi-spring connection element developed by authors. The independent hardening model is employed for performing hysteretic loops of rotational springs under seismic loadings, whereas mathematical models are adopted for representing moment-rotation curves of those springs under static loadings. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed program are compared with an experimental test, numerical examples of previous studies or SAP2000 commercial software. The results show significant differences of steel frames with various base restraints. Nonlinear semi-rigid base restraints perform strongly damping ability due to energy dissipation through moment-rotation hysteretic loops.     

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENTIRE ELASTO-PLASTIC PROCESS OF A BEAM WITH ONE DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY UNDER A CONCENTRATED LOAD

对跨中集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了分析。根据受力变形特点,集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4 个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端和集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区双扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰同时附近卸载而集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区继续扩展直至形成第2 个塑性铰阶段。在弹性阶段,弯矩内力和挠度与外载荷是线性比例关系,在第2,3 两个阶段,弯矩和挠度与外载荷是复杂的非线性关系,在第4 阶段,弯矩与外载荷是线性关系但不是比例关系而挠度与外载荷是更为复杂的非线性关系。给出了全过程任意点的弯矩和挠度计算公式,可供结构设计参考应用。     

Detection of the support damage of spatial steel structures under earthquakes based on shaking table test

There are always some local damages in spatial steel structures induced by strong earthquakes, such as welding cracks of steel nodes, anchor loose of supports etc. If these local damages of spatial steel structures occur, there will be serious dangers to the structural safety. In order to detect the position of local damage under earthquake quickly and accurately, the method of support damage diagnosis of spatial steel structures under earthquakes is studied by using wavelet packet decomposition, data fusion and cluster analysis. Furthermore, a scale model of spatial steel structure was tested on a seismic simulation shaking table to detect the position of damaged support. Results show that the damaged support position can be detected accurately by using the method proposed in this paper, which has practical applications to the damage detection of spatial steel structures.     

Innovative structural details in MR-frames for free from damage structures

Modern seismic resistant structures need to be designed in order to withstand frequent earthquakes without significant damages and to remain safe, even though a certain amount of structural damage is accepted in case of rare seismic events.In this paper an innovative typology is proposed for MR-Frames aiming at the ambitious goal of free from damage (FFD) structures. At local scale, the innovation is constituted by the use of beam-to-column connections equipped with friction pads, so that the dissipative zones are constituted by damping devices located at the beam ends. In addition, friction dampers are also located at the column base to assure damage prevention even when a global mechanism is completely developed. Moreover, at global scale the prevention of column hinging, required to obtain FFD structures, can be assured provided that a rigorous design methodology based on the theorems of plastic collapse is applied aiming to guarantee the desired energy dissipation mechanism.The seismic performances of a MR-Frame with beam-to-column joints and column-base connections equipped with friction dampers are herein investigated by means of non-linear dynamic analyses carried out with the aim to assess the fulfillment of the design goal, i.e. the development of free from damage structures.     

深梁理论的研究现状与工程应用

综述了深梁理论、截面剪切修正系数计算理论、深梁线性与几何非线性有限元、深梁材料非线性分析、深梁振动理论、深梁稳定理论、箱梁结构分析中弯曲、剪力滞、畸变分析时考虑剪切变形影响的计算理论、钢腹板桥梁考虑剪切变形的研究成果、弹性地基深梁、深梁理论在工程结构中的应用等. 提出了杆系结构的静力、振动和稳定分析方法都可用Timoshenko 深梁理论进行重建和重写.     

旋转楔形-回形梁的高次动力学建模和末端变形分析

对四种不同结构中心刚体-柔性Euler Bernoulli梁系统进行刚柔耦合动力学分析．其中以等截面梁、变截面梁、等截面回形梁、变截面回形梁为对象，研究楔形梁及回形梁对系统的末端变形位移影响．变截面梁的宽高尺寸沿着轴向线性变化．梁的变形包含了轴向、横向、耦合变形项（横向弯曲引起的纵向缩短）．采用假设模态法和第二类Lagrange方程建立系统的动力学方程，并用C++编写软件进行动力学仿真．研究表明：在相同条件下，梁的截面尺寸及空心部分对梁末端变形位移影响十分明显，且当梁在较大变形情况下，该高次耦合模型依然能得到正确的结果，因此在针对实际结构建模时，建立符合实际截面的模型至关重要．     

直角刚架在撞击作用下的塑性大挠度响应

本文研究了悬臂直角刚架在其自由端受到自身平面内的横向撞击时的塑性动力响应在本文报告的实验中,利用空气炮射出的子弹加载使软钢材料制成的直角刚架产生大挠度塑性变形;同时,依据理想刚塑性材料模型,给出了一个大挠度瞬时模态解。理论分析得到的挠度-载荷曲线与实验结果符合得很好。     

用回传波射矩阵法分析框架的地震效应

结构在地震载荷作用下的瞬态响应分析对抗震设计很重要. 大部分地震效应 研究采用时程积分等数值方法. 回传波射矩阵法是桁架和框架结构瞬态响应的一种新的频域 矩阵分析法. 基于Bernulli梁理论的回传波射矩阵法扩展到地面加速度载荷的情形, 对一榀钢制框架在地面El Centro波加速度作用下的瞬态应力计算, 结果表明该方法 能准确有效地进行结构的地震效应分析.