固化温度对碳纤维/环氧基体界面行为影响的分析

对界面粘结性能及热残余应力影响下的单纤维复合材料的界面行为进行了分析。采用界面的弹性-软化内聚力模型,用解析法对单纤维复合材料由固化引起的热残余应力、以及单纤维碎断过程纤维的轴向应力分布进行了模拟,得到了碳纤维/环氧树脂在常温和高温固化两种情况的界面粘结性能。结果表明：与常温固化相比,高温固化后,界面的剪切强度增幅不大,界面的断裂韧性显著增加;高温固化后形成的界面,使界面的软化提前、界面的脱粘延迟;高温固化产生的纤维轴向和界面径向热残余应力对界面的软化均有延迟作用;界面径向热残余应力还对界面的脱粘有延迟作用。     

SMA复合材料在热载条件下的残余应力分析

本文基于三相复合圆柱模型发展了增量型的分析方法,讨论在ＳＭＡ复合材料中由于ＳＭＡ材料相变以及各相材料热特性随温度变化引起的残余应力。研究基体与过渡恸介面和纤维与过渡界面间的残余应力,同时讨论由于基体相的变化对残余应力的影响。特别研究了涂层和复合材料基体间界面处的残余应力受纤维体积比、涂层厚度、纤维最大相变应以及基体中纤维取向等影响,而且讨论了计及应力对相就运动方程的影响时对ＳＭＡ复合材料相变温度和     

用显微云纹干涉法研究SiC/Ti-15-3界面热残余应力场

SiC/Ti-15-3复合材料基体与增强体之间的热膨胀系数存在显著差异。在复合材料制造过程中经高温冷却后,在基体与增强体的界面会产生热残余应力场。此残余应力场对复合材料的力学性能会产生重要的影响。本文运用纤维推出法推出部分SiC纤维后,采用显微云纹干涉法在细观尺度研究了上述界面处的热残余应力,得到了分辨率较高的云纹图,并由此计算出了孔边处的残余应力。用有限元软件对界面热残余应力进行了数值模拟分析。实验结果表明,显微云纹干涉法可以用来测量直径为0.1 mm左右的纤维界面附近的残余应力场,在此尺度下,使用显微云纹干涉法比用电子束云纹法更方便。     

基于压力隧洞模型的复合材料横向热残余应力分析

考虑碳纤维横向刚度情况下,将复合材料横向热残余应力问题简化为压力隧洞模型.利用该模型推导出复合材料固化成型过程中形成的横向热残余应力,其中分析得出了单纤维与树脂的接触压力以及该压力传递到纤维和树脂后的分布情况.结果表明接触压力传递到纤维内部后成一固定值,传递到树脂后以正比于r.函数衰减.在其基础上提出场叠加方法,得出纤维之间相互耦合的接触压力与残余应力场.通过有限元模拟,理论模型和数值模拟基本一致.     

聚晶金刚石复合片热残余应力分布规律实验研究

利用改进的应力释放法、X射线衍射法以及Raman光谱,对平面界面结构金刚石复合片表面热残余应力分别进行了实验研究,得到了金刚石层表面热残余应力值及其分布规律,同时得到了基体厚度与热残余应力的相关关系.研究结果表明,采用应力释放法、X射线衍射法及Raman光谱法测试PDC表面热残余应力,其测试结果均与有限元分析结果相吻合,证明了这三种方法的有效性.其中,X射线衍射法测试结果的误差最大,应力释放法其次,Raman光谱法最为精确.由于应力释放法应变片尺寸及X射线衍射法光斑照射范围的限制,无法在试样表面上取较多的测试点,因此难以得到理想的热残余应力分布曲线.而Raman光谱法中所采用的激光光斑仅5μm,可以取更多的测试点,因此其结果更能真实的反映金刚石层表面热残余应力的分布规律.本文的研究结果为精确测试PDC热残余应力,从而为优化PDC界面结构、提高PDC使用性能提供了理论和实验依据.     

考虑夹杂相互作用的复合陶瓷夹杂界面的断裂分析

复合材料中夹杂含量较高时,夹杂间的相互作用能显著改变材料细观应力应变场分布,基体和夹杂中的平均应力应变水平也会发生较大变化,导致复合材料强度等力学性能发生显著变化. 为修正单一夹杂模型运用在实际材料中的误差,基于相互作用直推估计法,建立一种考虑含夹杂相互作用的夹杂界面裂纹开裂模型. 首先根据相互作用直推估计法,得到残余应力和外载应力共同作用下夹杂中的平均应力,再计算无限大基体中相同的夹杂达到相同应力场时的等效加载应力,将此加载应力作为含界面裂纹夹杂的等效应力边界条件,在此边界条件下求得界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,进而得到界面裂纹开裂的极限加载条件,并分析了夹杂弹性性能、含量、热残余应力、夹杂尺寸等因素对界面裂纹开裂条件的影响. 结果表明,方法能够有效修正单夹杂模型运用在实际材料中的误差,较大的残余应力对界面裂纹开裂有重要的影响,夹杂刚度的影响并非单调且比较复杂;在残余应力较小时,降低柔性夹杂刚度或者增大刚性夹杂刚度都有利于提高材料强度;扩大夹杂尺寸将导致裂纹开裂极限应力显著降低,从而降低材料强度.      

Z-pin复合材料细观模型固化残余应力研究

针对植入Z-pin后碳纤维增强复合材料的微观结构，通过施加Z-pin周期性边界约束条件，建立了Z-pin复合材料单层板单胞细观模型．考虑固化过程中树脂体积收缩、弹性模量随固化度变化和纤维因Z-pin进入偏转因素，运用有限单元法计算了单胞结构在固化成型工艺过程中树脂和纤维应力发展和分布，并研究了Z-pin直径和分布密度对单层板面内残余应力的影响．结果表明：凝胶点之前，树脂模量和残余应力很小，凝胶点之后，树脂模量和残余应力增加较快；残余应力分布与纤维偏转有关；Z-pin直径和分布密度增加会使固化残余应力增大．     

纤维／基体界面裂纹扩展断裂能

本文通过研究纤维／基体界面裂纹断裂能，分析了几种界面脱粘断裂功的理论表达式；着重研究了单纤维拔出试验中界面残余压应力及界面摩擦对界面裂纹能量释放率的重要性．     

界面及热残余应力对超磁致伸缩复合材料有效性能的影响

本文基于Mori-Tanaka理论，考虑了界面相对超磁致伸缩复合材料的有效性能的影响，得到了具有界面相的超磁致伸缩复合材料的有效性能的一般解析表达。考虑到固化过程中热残余应力对超磁致伸缩复合材料有效性能的影响，通过数值计算，给出超磁致伸缩复合材料有效弹性模量、有效磁致伸缩应变及有效热膨胀系数随夹杂物长径比、体分比、界面参数和固化热残余应力的变化特征曲线，数值结果表明：界面和固化热残余应力对于超磁致复合材料有效性能的影响是显著的。     

短纤维金属基复合材料应力传递的有限元分析

基于短纤维增强金属基复合材料的单纤维轴对称和三维细观力学模型,利用弹塑性有限元分析方法对该复合材料中基体与纤维间的应力传递进行研究,研究中主要讨论了基体、纤维和界面的力学性能以及纤维位向的变化对应力传递和应力分布的影响。研究表明,复合材料微结构参数的变化将显著影响基体与纤维间的应力传递和复合材料中的应力分布,复合材料设计过程中必须考虑合理的微结构特征。     

磁电复合材料中拓扑磁结构的力学调控

磁性斯格明子是在一些铁磁材料中存在的一种重要拓扑磁结构,由于其具有独特的磁-电-力-热多场耦合特性,在未来新型自旋电子器件中有着广泛的应用前景。然而,磁性斯格明子一般需要在外加磁场下才能稳定存在,极大地限制了其在自旋电子器件中的实际应用。本文基于实空间下磁电材料的相场模拟,发现铁电和铁磁复合薄膜中铁电斯格明子可以通过界面变形来稳定铁磁斯格明子。由于力电耦合效应,铁电层中铁电斯格明子的非均匀分布极化在界面产生周期性的非均匀界面变形。界面变形通过力磁耦合效应,使铁磁层中的磁性斯格明子在没有外加磁场的条件下能够稳定存在。本文的研究结果表明,基于磁电复合材料中的力-电-磁耦合效应,通过优化设计复合材料中不同组元的结构,可以实现拓扑磁结构的力学调控,从而为设计基于拓扑磁结构的新型自旋电子器件提供了新思路。     

Effect of geometrical and material parameters in nanoindentation of layered materials with an interphase

Indentation models for thin layer-substrate geometry with an interphase have been developed. The interphase can be modeled either as a nonhomogeneous layer or as a homogeneous layer. Between the two models of the interphase, contact depth and critical interfacial stresses are compared to find the effect of indentation area, film and substrate Young’s moduli, and the interphase and film thicknesses. Although contact depth is found not to be sensitive to the type of interphase model used, critical interfacial stresses are significantly different (up to 15%) for film to substrate elastic Young’s moduli ratios of more than 25. A formal sensitivity analysis based on design of experiments shows that on critical interfacial stresses, interphase to film thickness ratio and film to substrate Young’s moduli ratio has the most impact, while type of elastic moduli variation in the interphase and indentor width to film thickness ratio has the least impact.     

Two Dimensions Residual Stresses Analysis Through Incremental Groove Machining Combined with Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry

In this study a new residual stress determination method in two directions simultaneously is presented. This method is based on stresses relaxation in a groove that is machined incrementally. The residual stresses relaxation occurs simultaneously from both the depth and the length of the groove. Thus, measuring the surface strain field generated by the relaxation enables to determine the stress gradient both along the depth and the length of the groove. To measure the surface strain in a direction perpendicular to the groove, a digital speckle pattern interferometer is used. This method is suitable when the residual stress field in the structure varies in the depth as well as along the surface of the part, like for example in a welded structure. The method is tested here on an aluminium plate in which a central band has been shot peened.     

Deformation gradient based kinematic hardening model

A kinematic hardening model applicable to finite strains is presented. The kinematic hardening concept is based on the residual stresses that evolve due to different obstacles that are present in a polycrystalline material, such as grain boundaries, cross slips, etc. Since these residual stresses are a manifestation of the distortion of the crystal lattice a corresponding deformation gradient is introduced to represent this distortion. The residual stresses are interpreted in terms of the form of a back-stress tensor, i.e. the kinematic hardening model is based on a deformation gradient which determines the back-stress tensor. A set of evolution equations is used to describe the evolution of the deformation gradient. Non-dissipative quantities are allowed in the model and the implications of these are discussed. Von Mises plasticity for which the uniaxial stress–strain relation can be obtained in closed form serves as a model problem. For uniaxial loading, this model yields a kinematic hardening identical to the hardening produced by isotropic exponential hardening. The numerical implementation of the model is discussed. Finite element simulations showing the capabilities of the model are presented.     

非理想界面对三相复合材料应力场的影响

对非理想界面的三相复合材料,提出了计算弹性应力场的微观力学模型,在适当的简化假设下,对带界相的颗粒增强和纤维增强复合材料,得到了应力场的计算公式。以剪切载荷为例给出了数值例子。给出的数值结果表明非理想界面对三相复合材料应力场的影响。     

Measurement of Applied Stresses and Residual Stresses on a Residual Stress Model by Applying Two Different Loads

Applied stresses on a residual stress model have previously been obtained by measuring the residual stresses and the resultant stresses generated by applying a load. The present paper reports that the applied stresses and the residual stresses on the residual stress model can be obtained by measuring two resultant stresses generated by applying loads of two different magnitudes. In the proposed method, the residual stresses need not be obtained from the residual stress model before applying a load. The residual stress model used to test the proposed method is a circular disk with frozen stresses that is subjected to a diametral compressive load at a certain angle. The applied stresses and the residual stresses on a residual stress model were experimentally and precisely obtained by digital photoelasticity using linearly polarized light.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF PROCESS-INDUCED RESIDUAL STRESSES IN GLASS BULB PANEL

A numerical simulation model for predicting residual stresses which arise during the solidification process of pressed glass bulb panel was developed. The solidification of a molten layer of glass between cooled parallel plates was used to model the mechanics of the buildup of residual stresses in the forming process. A thermorheologically simple thermoviscoelastic model was assumed for the material. The finite element method employed was based on the theory of shells as an assembly of flat elements. This approach calculates residual stresses layer by layer like a truly three-dimensional calculation, which is well suited for thin pressed products of complex shape. An experimental comparison was employed to verify the proposed models and methods.     

A New Method for an Inhomogeneity with Stepwise Graded Interphase under Thermomechanical Loadings

The solution for a circular inhomogeneity embedded in an infinite elastic matrix with a multilayered interphase plays a fundamental role in many practical and theoretical problems. Therefore, improved analysis methods for this problem are of great interest. In this paper, a new procedure is presented to obtain the exact stress fields within the inhomogeneity and the matrix under thermomechanical loadings, without the need of solving the full multiphase composite problem. With this short-cut method, the problem is reduced to a single linear algebraic equation and two coupled linear algebraic equations which determine the only three real coefficients of the stress field within the inhomogeneity. In particular, the average stresses within the inhomogeneity can be calculated directly from the three real coefficients. Further, the other three unknown real coefficients associated with the stress field in the matrix can be determined subsequently. Hence, the influence of the stepwise graded interphase on the stress fields is manifested by its effect on the six real coefficients. All these results hold for stepwise graded interphase composed of any number of interphase layers. Several examples serve to illustrate the method and its advantages over other existing approaches. The explicit solutions are used to study the design of harmonic elastic inclusions, and the effect of a compliant interphase layer on thermal-mismatch induced residual stresses. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

圆锯片辊压适张后应力分布的有限元分析

分析了圆锯片辊压适张后的应力分布,并与国产圆锯片辊压适张后X射线衍射法的实验结果进行了对比,考虑到特定辊压工艺和不同锯片材质对适张效果的影响,以弹性力学中接触理论为基础,应用ANSYS软件的塑性分析法,建立了适张后应力状态的弹塑性分析模型。该模型引入影响辊压适张度的主要因素：锯片基材塑性应力应变关系,辊轮结构、转速,以及辊压载荷、位置和次数,结果表明应力分布的有限元计算结果与实验结果比较一致。