摩擦约束塑性力学变分不等原理的半反推法

带摩擦约束的弹塑性接触问题,由于摩擦约束条件是一种判别性的条件,它的变分问题的逆问题的研究比较困难。本文对弹塑性接触力学中的变分不等问题的逆问题进行了研究,改进了半反推法并将其应用到弹塑性变分不等原理的研究中,导出了摩擦约束弹塑性增量广义变分不等原理中的能量泛函,消除了用拉氏乘子法可能产生的临界变分现象,在证明中,巧妙地处理了增量表示的接触摩擦边界条件,避免了使用非线性泛函分析和凸分析,简化了证明。     

刚塑性广义变分不等原理及其在平面应变分析中的应用

首先利用Lagrangian乘子法，从势能角度出发构造了考虑摩擦效应这一能导致变分不等形式的广义能量泛函，把一般的有条件的变分原理化为无条件的变分原理唯一确定，得出了各Lagrangian乘子所代表的物理意义。建立了刚塑性理论中的Coulomb摩擦约束的广义变分不等原理。而后基于退化的摩擦约束广义变分等式原理，对长矩形板镦粗进行了塑性加工工步分析，所得结果与经典上限法结果相吻合。     

A self-stabilized algorithm for enforcing constraints in multibody systems

A new algorithm is developed for the enforcement of constraints within the framework of nonlinear, flexible multibody system modeled with the finite element approach. The proposed algorithm exactly satisfies the constraints at the displacement and velocity levels, and furthermore, it achieves nonlinear unconditional stability by imposing the vanishing of the work done by the constraint forces when combined with specific discretizations of the inertial and elastic forces. Identical convergence rates are observed for the displacements, velocities, and Lagrange multipliers. The proposed algorithm is closely related to the stabilized index-2 or GGL method, although no additional multipliers are introduced in the present approach. These desirable characteristics are obtained without resorting to numerically dissipative algorithms. If high frequencies are present in the system, i.e. the system is physically stiff, dissipative schemes become necessary; the proposed algorithm is extended to deal with this situation.     

Dynamics of flexible mechanical systems with contact-impact and plastic deformations

A computer based formulation for the analysis of mechanical systems is investigated as a feasible method to predict the impact response of complex structural systems. A general methodology for the dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible multibody systems using a number of redundant Cartesian coordinates and the method of the Lagrange multipliers is presented. The component mode synthesis is then used to reduce the number of flexible degrees of freedom. In many impact situations, the individual structural members are overloaded giving rise to plastic deformations in highly localized regions, called plastic hinges. This concept is used by associating revolute nonlinear actuators with constitutive relations corresponding to the collapse behavior of the structural components. The contact of the system components is described using a continuous force model based on the Hertz contact law with hysteresis damping. The effect and importance of structural damping schemes in flexible bodies are also addressed here. Finally, the validity of this methodology is assessed by comparing the results of the proposed models with those obtained in different experimental tests where: a beam collides transversally with a rigid block; a torque box impacts a rigid barrier.     

基于对偶变量变分原理的完整约束系统保辛算法

基于对偶变量变分原理，选择积分区间两端位移为独立变量，构造了求解完整约束哈密顿动力系统的高阶保辛算法。首先，利用拉格朗日多项式对作用量中的位移、动量及拉格朗日乘子进行近似；然后，对作用量中不包含约束的积分项采用Gauss积分近似，对作用量中包含约束的积分项采用Lobatto积分近似，从而得到近似作用量；最后，在此近似作用量的基础上，利用对偶变量变分原理，将求解完整约束哈密顿动力系统问题转化为一组非线性方程组的求解。算法具有保辛性和高阶收敛性，能够在位移的插值点处高精度地满足完整约束。算法的收敛阶数及数值性质通过数值算例验证。     

Hybrid algorithm for modeling of fluid-structure interaction in incompressible, viscous flows

The objective of this paper is to present and to validate a new hybrid coupling (HC) algorithm for modeling of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in incompressible, viscous flows. The HC algorithm is able to avoid numerical instability issues associated with artificial added mass effects, which are often encountered by standard loosely coupled (LC) and tightly coupled (TC) algorithms, when modeling the FSI response of flexible structures in incompressible flow. The artificial added mass effect is caused by the lag in exchange of interfacial displacements and forces between the fluid and solid solvers in partitioned algorithms. The artificial added mass effect is much more prominent for light/flexible structures moving in water, because the fluid forces are in the same order of magnitude as the solid forces, and because the speed at which numerical errors propagate in an incompressible fluid. The new HC algorithm avoids numerical instability issues associated with artificial added mass effects by embedding Theodorsen’s analytical approximation of the hydroelastic forces in the solution process to obtain better initial estimates of the displacements. Details of the new HC algorithm are presented. Numerical validation studies are shown for the forced pitching response of a steel and a plastic hydrofoil. The results show that the HC algorithm is able to converge faster, and is able to avoid numerical instability issues, compared to standard LC and TC algorithms, when modeling the transient FSI response of a plastic hydrofoil. Although the HC algorithm is only demonstrated for a NACA0009 hydrofoil subject to pure pitching motion, the method can be easily extended to model general 3-D FSI response and stability of complex, flexible structures in turbulent, incompressible, multiphase flows.     

Involutory transformations and variational principles with multi-varoables in thin plate bending problems

In this paper, the generalizd variational principles of plate bending, froblems are established from their minimum potential energy principle and minimum complementary energy principle through the elimination of their constraints by means of the method of Lagrange multipliers. The involutory transformations are also introduced in order to reduce the order of differentiations for the variables in the variation. Funhermore, these involutory transformations become infacl the additional constraints in the varialion. and additional Lagrange multipliers may be used in order to remove these additional constraints. Thus, various multi-variable variational principles are obtained for the plate bending problems. However, it is observed that. nol all the constrainls ofva’iaticn can be removed simply by the ordinary method of linear Lagrange multipliers. In such cases, the method of high-order Lagrange multipliers are usedto remove iliose constrainls left over by ordinary linear multiplier method. And consequently. some funct ionals of more general forms are oblained for the generaleed variational principles of plate bending problems.     

Method of high-order lagrange multiplier and generalized variational principles of elasticity with more general forms of functionals

It is known[1]that the minimum principles of potential energy andcomplementary energy are the conditional variation principles underrespective conditions of constraints.By means of the method of La-grange multipliers,we are able to reduce the functionals of condi-tional variation principles to new functionals of non-conditionalvariation principles.This method can be described as follows:Mul-tiply undetermined Lagrange multipliers by various constraints,andadd these products to the original functionals.Considering these un-determined Lagrange multipliers and the original variables in thesenew functionals as independent variables of variation,we can see thatthe stationary conditions of these functionals give these undeter-mined Lagrange multipliers in terms of original variables.The sub-stitutions of these results for Lagrange multipliers into the abovefunctionals lead to the functionals of these non-conditional varia-tion principles.However,in certain cases,some of the undetermined Lagrangemultipliers ma     

应变梯度理论自然邻近混合伽辽金法

应变梯度理论考虑了位移二阶梯度对应变能密度函数的贡献,在本构关系中引入了与材料微结构特征尺寸相关的参数,可以唯象地解释尺度效应现象。基于约束变分原理,把位移与位移一阶梯度作为独立场变量,使用拉格朗日乘子法引入二者的协调关系,放松对试探函数连续性与完备性的要求,建立了二维及三维问题的应变梯度理论自然邻近混合伽辽金法。通过算例对方法的计算性能进行了考查,结果表明,该方法具有良好的数值精度,能够模拟材料力学性能的尺度效应。     

Original ArticleOn entropy flux-heat flux relation in thermodynamics with Lagrange multipliers

A typical problem often encountered in thermodynamics with Lagrange multipliers is to deduce the relation between the entropy flux and the heat flux from conditions imposed by the entropy principle employing the general entropy inequality. This problem is usually trivial if linear constitutive relations are assumed, and otherwise it can be quite difficult even though such a relation is expected. In this paper, we shall try to formulate such a problem in general and prove as theorems. Some previous thermodynamic theories with Lagrange multipliers are mentioned as typical examples. Received December 13, 1995     

Constitutive modeling and computational implementation for finite strain plasticity

This paper describes a simple alternate approach to the difficult problem of modeling material behavior. Starting from a general representation for a rate-type constitutive equation, it is shown by example how sets of test data may be used to derive restrictions on the scalar functions appearing in the representation. It is not possible to determine these functions from experimental data, but the aforementioned restrictions serve as a guide in their eventual definition. The implications are examined for hypo-elastic, isotropically hardening plastic, and kinematically hardening plastic materials. A simple model for the evolution of the “back-stress,” in a kinematic-hardening plasticity theory, that is entirely analogous to a hypoelastic stress-strain relation is postulated and examined in detail in modeling a finitely plastic tension-torsion test. The implementation of rate-type material models in finite element algorithms is also discussed.     

Solution of the planar Newtonian stick–slip problem with the singular function boundary integral method

A singular function boundary integral method (SFBIM) is proposed for solving biharmonic problems with boundary singularities. The method is applied to the Newtonian stick–slip flow problem. The streamfunction is approximated by the leading terms of the local asymptotic solution expansion which are also used to weight the governing biharmonic equation in the Galerkin sense. By means of the divergence theorem the discretized equations are reduced to boundary integrals. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are weakly enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers, the values of which are calculated together with the singular coefficients. The method converges very fast with the number of singular functions and the number of Lagrange multipliers, and accurate estimates of the leading singular coefficients are obtained. Comparisons with the analytical solution and results obtained with other numerical methods are also made. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two novel nonlinear multivariate grey models with kernel learning for small-sample time series prediction

For many applications, small-sample time series prediction based on grey forecasting models has become indispensable. Many algorithms have been developed recently to make them effective. Each of these methods has a specialized application depending on the properties of the time series that need to be inferred. In order to develop a generalized nonlinear multivariable grey model with higher compatibility and generalization performance, we realize the nonlinearization of traditional GM(1,N), and we call it NGM(1,N). The unidentified nonlinear function that maps the data into a better representational space is present in both the NGM(1,N) and its response function. The original optimization problem with linear equality constraints is established in terms of parameter estimation for the NGM(1,N), and two different approaches are taken to solve it. The former is the Lagrange multiplier method, which converts the optimization problem into a linear system to be solved; and the latter is the standard dualization method utilizing Lagrange multipliers, that uses a flexible estimation equation for the development coefficient. As the size of the training data increases, the estimation results of the potential development coefficient get richer and the final estimation results using the average value are more reliable. The kernel function expresses the dot product of two unidentified nonlinear functions during the solving process, greatly lowering the computational complexity of nonlinear functions. Three numerical examples show that the LDNGM(1,N) outperforms the other multivariate grey models compared in terms of generalization performance. The duality theory and framework with kernel learning are instructive for further research around multivariate grey models to follow.

     

A reliability study of springback on the sheet metal forming process under probabilistic variation of prestrain and blank holder force

This work deals with a reliability assessment of springback problem during the sheet metal forming process. The effects of operative parameters and material properties, blank holder force and plastic prestrain, on springback are investigated. A generic reliability approach was developed to control springback. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo simulation technique in conjunction with the Latin hypercube sampling method was adopted to study the probabilistic springback. Finite element method based on implicit/explicit algorithms was used to model the springback problem. The proposed constitutive law for sheet metal takes into account the adaptation of plastic parameters of the hardening law for each prestrain level considered. Rackwitz-Fiessler algorithm is used to find reliability properties from response surfaces of chosen springback geometrical parameters. The obtained results were analyzed using a multi-state limit reliability functions based on geometry compensations.     

弹性理论中的临界变分及消除方法

临界变分现象是拉氏乘子法的固有特性，钱伟长应用高阶拉氏乘子消除了临界变分现象。本文将提出一种新的方法－凑合反推法，这种方法摒充了拉氏乘子法，把拉氏乘子所在的项目一个待定函数Ｆ代替。这样构成的泛函，作者称之为试泛函。而待定函数Ｆ的识别类似于拉氏乘子的识别。通过该法可以方便地构造出各种多变量广义变分原理，并且可以消除临界变分现象。     

Elastic–plastic and limit-state analyses of frames with softening plastic-hinge models by mathematical programming

Frames (and more general beam systems) subjected to monotonic loading are modelled by conventional finite elements with the traditional assumption of possible plastic deformations concentrated in pre-selected “critical sections”. The inelastic behaviour of these beam sections, i.e. the development of “plastic hinges”, is described by piece-wise-linear constitutive models allowing for hardening and/or softening, in terms of generalized stresses and conjugate kinematic variables.The following topics are discussed: step-by-step analysis methods, both “exact” and stepwise holonomic; path bifurcations and overall stability; limit and deformation analyses combined, as an optimization problem under complementarity constraints apt to compute the safety factor (with respect to global or local failures); numerical tests of nonconventional algorithms by means of simple representative applications.The objective of the paper is to provide a unified methodology and to propose novel procedures for inelastic analyses of frames up to failure, in the light of recent results in mathematical programming, particularly on complementarity theory.     

Une formulation variationnelle du problème de contact avec frottement de Coulomb

A variational relationship is proposed as the weak form of the large deformation contact problem with Coulomb friction. It is a mixed relationship involving both the displacements and the multipliers; the weighting functions are the virtual displacements and the virtual multipliers. It is shown that the proposed weak form is equivalent to the strong form of the initial/boundary value contact problem and the multipliers are equal to the contact tractions. To cite this article: A. Le van, T.H.T. Nguyen, C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).