基于连续模型和离散模型的微尺度三维凸台轴承的气体润滑分析

为了考察应用图案化盘片实现超高密度磁存储时磁头/磁盘界面气体润滑设计理论的有效性,本文设计了1种三维凸台轴承构型,分别使用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法（DSMC）和气体分子薄膜润滑理论（MGL）方法进行了模拟计算,考察了相对滑动速度、轴承最小间隙、凸台高度和入射速度方向对气体轴承压力分布的影响.结果表明：对于三维凸台微尺度气体轴承,MGL方法的计算结果依然与DSMC方法的结果相差不大.存在凸台接触,轴承间隙为零的情况下,气体轴承仍然具有一定的承载能力,且压力分布形状随凸台高度的变化表现出与常规非接触式气体轴承不同的规律.     

纳米尺度气体滑动轴承的DSMC模拟

依据硬盘驱动系统中读写头与盘面的构造,结合现有的楔型和阶跃型气体滑动轴承的特点,提出了一种气体滑动轴承结构,并采用直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)法数值研究了滑动轴承的最小间距、移动速度和系统温度对轴承承载能力的影响.计算结果表明,所设计轴承的承载能力随移动速度的增大而增加,随最小间距的增加和系统温度的升高而减小;轴承的承载能力对轴承最小间距的变化更敏感.     

基于稀薄效应的微气体径向轴承稳态性能

针对微气体轴承给出参考努森数的定义,根据空气不同温度时的黏度,得到参考努森数的分布范围;考虑气体稀薄效应,给出基于Burgdorfer一阶滑移速度边界的微气体径向轴承润滑Reynolds方程的修正形式; 采用有限差分法求解修正的Reynolds方程,得到不同参考努森数$Kn_0$, 轴承数以及轴颈偏心率情况下轴承的压力分布、无量纲承载能力及偏位角. 数值分析表明:随气体稀薄程度的增强,气体径向轴承的压力明显降低,无量纲承载力降低,而轴承偏位角增大. 当偏心率小于0.6时,轴承偏位角变化平缓,受$Kn_0$数的影响不明显. 当轴承数较小时,气体稀薄程度对轴承的无量纲承载力、偏位角影响较小.      

局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承静态特性的数值求解

运用数值方法分析局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承的静态性能,分别建立局部多孔质圆柱塞内的压力分布方程和气体薄膜内的压力分布方程,利用坐标变换将局部多孔质圆柱塞的圆柱坐标与气体薄膜的圆柱坐标转换到同一笛卡儿坐标系,为有限元离散奠定基础.经过有限元推导,求得局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承的承载能力与静态刚度,并对局部多孔质节流进行试验以验证理论模型的正确性.另外,对局部多孔质节流气体静压轴向轴承和小孔节流气体静压轴向轴承进行对比试验.结果表明:局部多孔质节流和小孔节流静压轴承的承载能力随着气膜厚度的减小而增加;静态刚度随着气膜厚度的增加先增加后减小;局部多孔质节流比小孔节流具有较高的承载能力和静态刚度.     

考虑稠密气体效应的微尺度气体轴承模拟

当气体流动区的局部压力升高到一定程度时,气体稠密效应对其输运特性的影响不可忽略,其影响可以用Enskog理论来描述。利用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)方法以及考虑气体分子稠密效应的衍生方法对气体粘度随特征尺度的变化规律和气体粘度随密度变化的规律进行了计算分析,在此基础上研究了考虑稠密效应的微尺度气体轴承的承载能力。计算结果表明,稠密效应在抵消掉气体稀薄效应的同时还改变了输运系数和气体薄膜的润滑特性,提高了气体轴承的承载能力。     

小孔节流空气静压止推轴承平面跨缝试验研究

在航空航天领域的微重力模拟中,空气静压止推轴承在完成平面跨缝试验过程中由于增加了1个时变的出口边界,支撑气膜内部的流场随出口边界位置的变化而发生变化,从而影响止推轴承的静态特性和微振动特性.为了明确跨缝过程中空气静压止推轴承宏观表现出的服役特性,本文中基于静压气体润滑理论,搭建空气轴承平面跨缝的试验台,针对中心供气和三孔均布的圆盘型小孔节流空气静压止推轴承开展试验研究,分析不同供气压力、浮起高度和跨缝位置下轴承的静态特性和微振动特性.研究表明：空气轴承平面跨缝时,相当于支撑气膜增加1个时变的出口边界,因而会出现泄气现象导致承载力减小;当供气孔正对支撑台面间的拼缝时,轴承的自激微振动幅值最小;空气静压轴承在平面跨缝过程中,在相同浮起高度下,随着供气压力增大,轴承的静承载能力和静刚度都有所提高;随着负载增大,过供气孔时的微振动幅值减小.     

多沟槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承润滑特性研究

建立了考虑多沟槽润滑结构和实际工况边界条件的水润滑橡胶合金轴承弹流润滑数学模型,数值计算了有无沟槽以及沟槽半径对润滑性能的影响.计算结果表明：沟槽对水润滑橡胶合金轴承润滑性能影响显著,即在沟槽处膜厚较大,压力较低,而在承载区膜厚较小,压力较高,周向方向上压力分布不连续,并且在最小膜厚处轴向方向的入口和出口附近出现了两个压力峰值;水膜压力和最小膜厚均随沟槽半径的增大而减小;承载能力随偏心率增大而增大,随沟槽半径和过渡圆弧半径的增大而减小;摩擦系数随转速增大而略有增大,随沟槽半径的增大显著增加.     

肠道内表面形貌对其摩擦性能影响的研究

为了调查肠道内表面形貌对其摩擦性能的影响,本文以家兔小肠为研究对象,表征了其内表面形貌,测试了肠黏液的润滑性;在排除肠道正压力条件下,测试环向应变、载荷、滑动速度与摩擦系数的变化关系.实验结果表明:小肠内表面存在着皱襞、绒毛、微绒毛;肠黏液可将摩擦系数降低到10-2数量级;环向应变10%是摩擦系数变化的临界值,小于10%摩擦系数不受载荷和滑动速度的影响,大于10%摩擦系数随载荷和滑动速度增大而增大.通过分析环向应变、内表面形貌、肠黏液、载荷、滑动速度与摩擦系数之间的关系,得出摩擦系数变化的机理:当环向应变小于10%,润滑形式为液体润滑;当径向应变大于10%,皱襞被拉伸褶皱消失,润滑形式转化为混合润滑.小肠摩擦性能的研究对胶囊内窥镜、肠道机器人外观设计提供了实验数据,对推进微创、无创诊疗有着重大意义.     

加工误差对陀螺电机用动压气体轴承刚度的影响

为了进一步提高精密H型动压气体轴承的刚度性能,着重分析了轴承加工误差对轴承刚度的影响。首先,通过在轴承内部交界处引入压力和流量连续方程,建立可考虑径向、止推轴承相互作用的H型动压气体轴承模型;然后,采用有限单元法进行求解以得到轴承压力分布及刚度等特性;最后,在对模型和计算结果进行实验验证后,对不同加工误差下的轴承刚度进行了研究。分析结果显示,加工误差对轴承刚度影响由强到弱的顺序为轴承间隙、止推板平面度、径向轴承锥度、圆度和止推板垂直度误差,0.2μm的轴承间隙加工误差可使轴承刚度降低20%～25%,而垂直度误差对轴承刚度的影响不大。研究结果为H型动压气体轴承的结构设计和性能提高提供了有益的参考。     

高速球铣加工表面微沟槽形貌形成方法及其减摩性能研究

高速球铣加工表面通常具有一定的残留形貌,采用Matlab形貌仿真与切削加工试验研究了高速球铣加工表面微沟槽形貌的形成方法;并基于流体动压润滑理论,通过Fluent流体仿真与润滑工况下的滑动摩擦试验,研究了表面微沟槽形貌的承载能力关于滑动速度和径向切深的响应规律,并分析了减摩机理. 结果表明:当给定每齿进给量后,随着径向切深的增大,可以获得具有微沟槽特征的表面形貌. 微沟槽承载能力随着滑动速度的提高而逐渐增大;随着径向切深的提高,承载能力呈现先增后减的趋势,这是由于其与楔形效应和逆流现象交互作用影响相关,当径向切深较小时,楔形效应占主导地位,承载能力较强,随着径向切深的进一步增大,逆流现象会严重减弱楔形效应,导致微沟槽承载能力下降.      

变阶梯结构自适应径向滑动轴承的研究

分析了变阶梯结构自适应径向滑动轴承膜压力的形成机理,并建立了二段油膜形耦合变形阶梯结构的流量控制方程,采用有限差分法交叉循环迭代求解了油压力的雷诺方程和变阶梯结构的流量控制方程,比较了设计参数对这咎径向滑动轴承的最小油膜厚度、压力分布、承载能力、摩擦阻力等性能和温升的影响,研究结果表明;合理地选择设计参数可以使得这种滑动轴承具有较好的润滑性能和承载特性。     

随动耦合变阶梯径向滑动轴承动力特征及稳定性的研究

用有限差分法循环迭代求解了随动耦合变阶梯结构径向滑动轴承油膜压力的雷诺方程和两阶段油膜耦合变阶梯结构的流量控制方程。在分析轴承油膜压力形成机量及静力特性的基础上,采用对位移和速度的小扰动法计算了轴承的动力特性系数,考察了运转参数对这种轴承承载特性、动力特性系数、等效刚度、界限涡动比以界限失稳转速的影响,结果发现合理地选择设计参数可以使这种轴承具有较好的静力特性、动力特性和稳定性。     

润滑薄油膜承载力的测量

利用面接触润滑油膜测量系统研究了固定倾角滑块轴承承载力问题.在滑块倾角和载荷固定不变的条件下测得油膜厚度与速度的关系,经过参数转换,得到无量纲承载量曲线.这不同于传统方法中在不同收敛比下对油膜压力的直接测量.结果表明:在薄油膜条件下实际承载量曲线和理论曲线表现了相同的变化趋势;实测值小于理论值;理论认为无量纲承载量唯一由收敛比决定,而实验结果表明无量纲承载量曲线受滑块倾角、载荷和润滑油性质的影响.     

表面纹理磁盘滑动接触的温度和应力及退磁临界条件的研究

采用应力场和温度场耦合的有限元方法,计算磁头/磁盘滑动接触下铝基磁盘磁层内瞬态温度场和应力场及退磁临界条件,分析接触压力、滑动速度、摩擦系数以及磁盘表面纹理对磁层内最大摩擦温升值和最大应力值的影响.结果表明:波形纹理表面瞬间滑动接触所产生的温度分布呈波形特征,表面纹理越尖锐,磁层内的温度和应力越大;滑动速度对磁层内温度的影响大于对应力的影响;当磁层最大应力小于1.2 GPa时,所对应的速度和压力为安全工况;当温升大于180 K时所对应的工况将导致磁盘退磁.     

Performance of hydromagnetic squeeze films between conducting porous rough conical plates

An endeavor has been made to discuss the behavior of hydromagnetic squeeze film between two conducting rough porous conical plates. The plates are considered to be electrically conducting and the clearance space between them is filled by an electrically conducting lubricant. A transverse magnetic field is applied between the plates. Efforts have been made to solve the concerned Reynolds’ equation with the associated boundary conditions to get the pressure distribution. This in turn, is used to obtain the expression for load carrying capacity leading to the calculation of the response time. The results are presented graphically as well as in tabular form. It is suggested by the results that the bearing system records an enhanced performance as compared to that of a bearing system working with a conventional lubricant. It is noticed that the pressure, load carrying capacity and the response time increase steadily with increasing values of the magnetization parameter. In general, the bearing suffers owing to transverse surface roughness. However, the negatively skewed roughness tends to better the performance of the bearing system marginally. This performance gets further improved especially, when the negative variance is involved. It is observed that the semi-vertical angle increases the load carrying capacity. Besides, the conductivity also increases the load carrying capacity significantly. In addition, it is revealed that the negative effect induced by the porosity can be neutralized to a nominal extent by the positive effect of the magnetization parameter in the case of negatively skewed roughness in the presence of negative variance. Thus, this study provides ample scopes for improving the performance of the bearing system considerably by choosing a suitable combination of magnetization parameter, semi-vertical angle and the conductivities of the plates.     

Numerical investigation on the influence of surface texture on the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing

Many researchers have adopted various techniques for improving the performance characteristics of journal bearing. Apart from other parameters, incorporation of different forms of surface texture (sinusoidal, dimple, spherical etc.) on bearing or shaft also helps to increase the load carrying capacity and reduce the friction coefficient etc. in the journal bearing. Present study investigates the influence of different forms of surface texture on finite journal bearing which has been considered in the form of negative texture (micro cavities) at different locations of bearing surface. The Governing equations are solved numerically through finite difference approach for analysis of texture effects on bearing characteristics. It has been observed that the presence of micro cavities at different locations of bearing surface help in enhancing the bearing performance. It has also been found that the negative half wave texture enhances the bearing performance more in comparison to full wave texture on bearing surface.     

Numerical modelling of viscous non-Newtonian effects in lubricating systems

Modern lubricants often exhibit shear-thinning due to the presence of high molecular weight polymers as additives. Therefore the influence of such non-Newtonian effects on the performances of lubricating systems must be predicted. The corresponding fluid film flow is governed by a non-linear partial differential equation, which generalizes the classical Reynolds equation. Having prescribed adequate boundary conditions, this equation is solved by a finite element method with optimal control. The problem of the square slider bearing lubricated by the Rabinowitsch fluid is solved in order to test the accuracy of the numerical scheme. The pressure and velocity fields are given and compared with the corresponding ones obtained for the Newtonian fluid.     

Combined effect of viscosity variation and non-Newtonian Rabinowitsch fluid in wide parallel rectangular-porous plate with squeeze-film characteristics

The present article carries out the study of viscosity variation of non-Newtonian fluid with the homogeneous porous wall on wide parallel rectangular-plate based on the Rabinowitsch fluid model. The non-linear modified Reynolds equation is derived for the lubrication of rectangular squeeze film bearing with viscosity variation and porous parameter. Using the Morgan–Cameron approximation, the nonlinear Reynolds-type equation for squeeze-film which governs the film pressure is solved within the fundamentals of small perturbation technique. The characteristic of the wide parallel rectangular-porous plate is numerically computed for different physical quantities such as film pressure, load carrying capacity and response time. Moreover, as limiting cases some of the results from the available literature are recovered also. Further, the findings reveal that the viscosity variation of non-Newtonian fluid and the presence of porous wall lead to reduction in the load capacity and the response time respectively. Here, the porous matrix consists of a system of capillaries of very small radii with the homogeneous porous wall. The impact of porosity is incorporated as a result it acts as self-lubrication on bearing surface. Also, the effect of viscosity variation is one of the most important characteristics of fluid which helps in the design of bearings for lubrication in engineering and industrial applications.