速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性分析

分析了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差特性。根据激光陀螺的闭锁方程,分别从数值模拟和理论分析两种途径对速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区误差特性进行了研究。结果一致表明:速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差与锁区大小成正比,与过锁区的加速度的平方根成反比,与刻度因子的平方根成反比。文中具体给出了速率偏频激光陀螺过锁区的误差方程。过锁区误差为速率偏频激光陀螺的主要误差源。     

速率偏频激光陀螺标定方法讨论

三轴整体式速率偏频激光陀螺由于总是绕其对称轴做等速率的正负旋转运动,通过传统的位置法和旋转法无法对用其构成的捷联式惯导系统进行标定。中讨论了速率偏频激光陀螺在系统中的精确标定方法,指出该方法需要特殊的转台设备,目前尚无法满足,因此提出了一种结合光学方法测量陀螺安装误差角。这种方法利用速率偏频转台自身的旋转角速率对陀螺刻度系数和常值漂移进行简易标定的方法,实验表明该方法可满足系统导航要求。     

速率偏频技术提高激光陀螺精度的理论研究

以分析激光陀螺主要误差源出发点,从理论上研究了速率偏频技术的作用,指出它可有效地降低激光陀螺锁区引入的随机游走误差,部分地补偿激光陀螺谐振腔中的光束位移引起的不可控激光陀螺的零偏误差,并可解决拦动激光陀螺在系统使用中的锥形误差（Coning Error)和划桨误差（Sculling Error)。利用激光陀螺的拍频方程和拦动偏频激光陀螺的拍频近似解,得出了速率偏频激光陀螺随机游走误差与速率偏频系统参数的表达式,并指出了速率偏频技术的特点及速率偏频技术要解决的主要技术问题。     

速率偏频激光陀螺系统速度数值积分算法误差分析与优化(英文)

用时域泰勒级数展开的方法分析了速率偏频激光陀螺惯导系统常用速度数值积分算法的误差。分析显示速率偏频陀螺本身的高速旋转使惯性导航系统时刻处于大角运动条件下。若其旋转轴与比力方向不平行,则常用速度算法的误差不可忽略。提出了速率偏频激光陀螺惯导系统速度算法的优化改进方法。对常用速度算法和提出的算法进行了仿真比较。仿真显示,用泰勒级数展开分析速度数值积分算法误差是可行的;提出的算法能够将速率偏频激光陀螺惯导系统以及其他惯性导航系统在大机动运动环境下的导航精度提高一阶。     

机抖温度特性对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响

机抖机构是一个工作于谐振状态的精密机电元件,当环境温度发生变化时,机抖的抖动偏频量将发生变化,这将引起角度随机游走误差的变化,并导致激光陀螺的零偏稳定性变差。本文推导了机械抖动激光陀螺的抖动速率与激光陀螺输出误差的关系表达式,提出了均方意义下的等抖动速率控制保持激光陀螺零偏稳定性的方法,并且通过实验具体研究了电磁式机械抖动装置的温度特性及其对激光陀螺零偏稳定性的影响。仿真实验与实测数据结果表明:在全温度范围内保持机抖机构抖动速率的一致性能有效地提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性。     

速率偏频激光陀螺惯导系统航向敏感误差分析与补偿

为了有针对性的消除激光陀螺速率偏频惯导系统的可补偿寻北误差,进一步提高航向精度,从速率偏频斜装惯性仪表的数学模型出发,对陀螺和加速度计的各项误差进行了寻北误差分析,基于捷联惯导对准误差公式给出了惯性仪表各误差源的影响量级。明确了引起倾斜状态航向敏感误差的主要因素,提出了以调整激光陀螺旋转轴方向陀螺零偏抵消激光陀螺标度因数不对称性误差或者速率偏频状态陀螺零位偏移的航向敏感误差补偿措施。经转台试验验证,该措施简单可靠,有效消除了倾斜状态航向敏感误差,速率偏频系统的全方位寻北精度能够从86'(3σ)提高到优于40'(3σ)。     

四频陀螺中压电陶瓷歪扭导致的光强变化及其对零偏的影响

激光陀螺通常使用压电陶瓷换能器(PZT)作为反馈控制元件来维持腔长不变,然而PZT在推拉过程中产生的歪扭将会引起腔损的变化,进而导致光强以及零偏的变化。为了提高激光陀螺的零偏稳定性,对PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化进行了理论和实验研究。理论分析表明,PZT歪扭导致的光强变化与零偏变化密切相关,当光强相对变化10-3时,零偏变化约0.02 Hz。改变激光陀螺的纵模阶数,同时测量对应的光强和零偏,所得实验结果与理论分析基本一致。研究表明,目前四频激光陀螺中PZT歪扭导致的零偏变化在0.01 Hz的量级,因此通过对PZT制作工艺进行改进可进一步提高四频激光陀螺的性能。该研究对高精度四频激光陀螺的研制具有一定的参考价值。     

基于速率偏频激光陀螺的双套惯性组合系统故障监控技术研究

在三轴整体式速率偏频激光陀螺无法进行输出轴冗余配置的情况下，为实现陀螺的元件级故障检测与隔离，提出了由三轴整体式速率偏频激光陀螺和挠性陀螺组构成的双惯性系统的故障检测与隔离方案，给出了双惯性系统的量测方程，并以此为基础推导了用于进行故障检测与隔离的奇偶方程。提出一种基于奇偶方程的双惯性系统故障检测与隔离方法，并针对一类无法用奇偶方程进行隔离的故障，给出一种搜索无故障陀螺输出轴的故障检测与隔离新方法。     

四频差动激光陀螺自适应腔长控制方法

相较于传统的小抖动腔长控制,自适应腔长控制方法实现了四频差动激光陀螺理想工作点的自动跟踪功能。所提方法在小抖动腔长控制的基础上,通过对光强调制信号的基波和二次谐波进行解调,增加了光强增益控制环路和调制控制环路。通过改进硬件电路和控制算法将增益、调制和腔长3个控制环路紧密耦合在一起,实现四频差动激光陀螺自适应腔长控制系统,从而达到四频差动激光陀螺理想工作点自动跟踪功能。实验结果表明,自适应腔长控制能够消除外界环境、光强、电子元件参数等变化对四频差动激光陀螺工作点的影响,使得四频差动激光陀螺工作在理想工作点上,提升陀螺变温零偏稳定性51%和减小变温零偏最大变化44%。     

复杂温变环境下的激光陀螺零偏补偿方法

在高精度捷联惯导系统中,激光陀螺零偏随温度的变化往往不能忽略.基于不同温变环境下的激光陀螺零偏测试实验,分析了激光陀螺的零偏温度漂移特性,研究了陀螺零偏与温度变化、温变速率和温度梯度之间的相关关系,说明了在复杂或快速的温变环境中,激光陀螺零偏除与温度值变化有关外,其受温变速率和温度梯度的影响更为显著.建立了适用于缓变温度环境的静态温度模型和适用于复杂温变环境下的动态温度模型,并在快速温变和随机温变环境下对模型进行了试验验证.结果表明,动态温度模型能很好地实时补偿复杂温变引入的陀螺零偏异常,显著改善陀螺零偏稳定性使其达到或接近常温精度水平.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).