含类焊接裂纹十字接头的疲劳特性

为探讨含类焊接裂纹结构的疲劳性能,设计了部分熔透焊接接头的拉一拉疲劳试验,并进行了有限元分析,研究了不同裂纹尺寸下接头的疲劳强度、应力集中系数、应力强度因子范围和疲劳寿命的变化规律.结果表明,当未熔透尺寸2a/T＜0.5时,疲劳性能无明显减弱;而当未熔透尺寸2a/T＞0.5时,则接头的抗疲劳性能显著降低.     

四种陶瓷材料与SUS304不锈钢的高温摩擦学特性研究

为了探索陶瓷与金属组合作为高温润滑材料的可能性，利用端面摩擦磨损试验机测定了４种陶瓷ＳｉＣ、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＺｒＯ２与ＳＵＳ３０４不锈钢在室温至５００℃下的摩擦学性能．摩擦试验结果表明，ＳｉＣ、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４和Ａｌ２Ｏ３在低于２００℃时的摩擦系数稳定且都低于０．２，但在２００℃以上时的摩擦性能却都不稳定，摩擦系数在０．２－０．４之间；ＺｒＯ２在２００℃以下时的摩擦性能不稳定，而在２００℃以上时的摩擦系数低于６．２且较稳定。磨损试验结果表明，在４种陶瓷中ＺｒＯ２的磨损率最低［－２．６０×１０－９ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）］，ＳｉＣ和Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的磨损率居中［分别为１．８０×１０－６ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）和４．４０×１０－６ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）］，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的磨损率最高［３．６４×１０－５ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）］；分别与这４种陶瓷对磨的不锈钢的磨损率都高［１．４０×１０－５－４．５２×１０－５ｍｍ３／（Ｎ·ｍ）］．     

液体金属吸附促进位错发射的分子动力学研究

用第一原理算出Ｒｏｓｅ方程中的参量后,利用陈氏反演原理可以求出Ａｌ－Ｇａ和Ｃｕ－Ｇａ的对势;从而可研究Ａｌ和Ｃｉ裂纹表面吸附液体金属Ｇａ之后对裂尖发射位错的影响。结果表明,Ａｌ吸附Ｇａ后可使发射们错的临界应力强度因子从ＫＩｅ＝０．５ＭＰａｍ＾１／２,降为ＫＩｅ（Ｌ）＝０．４ＭＰａｍ＾１／２;对Ｃｕ则从ＫＩｅ＝０．５５ＭＰａｍ＾１／２降为ＫＩｅ（Ｌ）＝０．４５ＭＰａｍ＾１／２,即Ｇａ吸附后能促进位错     

TiC颗粒含量及尺寸对原位TiCp／Fe复合材料耐磨性的影响

研究了ＴｉＣ颗粒的含量不寸对原位ＣｔＣｐ／Ｆｅ复合材料耐磨料磨损性能的影响。结果表明：当ＴｉＣ颗粒的尺寸为５．０μｍ时,复合材料的耐磨性随ＴｉＣ颗粒含量的增加而提高;在ＴｉＣ颗粒的含量为１０．１％,尺寸小于５．０μｍ时,复合村料的耐磨性随尺寸的增大而提高;而当颗粒尺寸大于５．０－μｍ后,耐磨性因ＴｉＣ颗粒的剥落反而下降,分析认为,复合材料的耐磨性与其组织中ＴｉＣ颗粒的间距密切相关,间距赵小,复合材     

一类非线性离散人口模型的稳定性和振动性

本文讨论了非线性差分方程ｘｎ＋１＝ｘｎ／１－ａ－ｂｘｎ－ｋ＋ｃｘ＾２ｎ－ｋ平衡点的稳定性，并获得了此方程在条件ａ∈（１，∞），ｂ∈（－∞，＋∞）＝Ｒ，ｃ∈（０，∞）下其正解的渐近性质及其关于正平衡点振动的充分条件，且当Ｋ＝０时建立了正平衡点渐近稳定的充分必要性准则。’     

光弹贴片法在混凝土裂缝扩展过程研究中的应用

采用光弹性贴片法对平面尺寸为３．６×３．０，３．０×２．５，２．４×２．０，１．８×１．５，１．２×１．０，０．６×０．５ｍ＾２的巨型紧凑拉伸试件预制裂缝的起裂，稳定扩展至失稳破坏的全过程进行了系统的研究，实验结果表明，在试件高达１米以上的实验范围内，失稳破坏前裂缝稳定扩展长度几乎是一个稳定的常数值，且与试件初始缝长ａｏ无关。还发现，宏观裂缝的起裂早晚与初始缝长ａ０有关。     

射弹倾斜撞击带盖板炸药引发爆轰的条件

用二级轻气炮发射圆柱形、球形钢射弹以不同的角度撞击带不同厚度钢盖板的 ＴＮＴ／ＲＤＸ（４０／６０）炸药，得到了不同条件下引发炸药爆轰的阈值射弹速度。可以用ｖｄ~　（１／２）＝（１ ＋ｋ）［Ａ＋Ｂｈ／（ｄｃｏｓ）］描述临界引爆条件。对于带钢盖板的ＴＮＴ／ＲＤＸ（４０／６０）炸药，Ａ＝ ３．３３．Ｂ＝５．３４；圆柱形平头射弹撞击，ｋ／７５，球形射弹撞击，ｋ０．５＋０．２（１／ｃｏｓ－１）。由 此，本研究将Ｊａｃｏｂｓ 引爆判据推广到了斜碰撞条件。     

焊趾表面裂纹应力强度因子计算的基本模式法

给出一个用来计算对接和角接焊接接头焊趾半椭圆表面裂纹在复杂应力场中，例如在残余应力场中，裂纹前缘应力强度因子（ＳＩＦ）分布的工程实用计算法——基本模式法。本文先通过高自由度的三维有限元分析，给出接头和裂纹几何参数Ｔ１／Ｔ、ａ／Ｔ、ａ／ｃ一系列组合的基本几何模型（文中给出２７种）在选定的基本应力模式（本文给出８种）作用下，沿裂纹前缘的ＳＩＦ分布，并形成一个数据库。利用这些基本模式解的插值和组合，可以非常迅速地求得一般几何参数情况下焊趾半随圆表面裂纹在复杂应力场中沿裂纹前缘的ＳＩＦ分布。在本方法中，可以考虑角接接头板厚比Ｔ１／Ｔ对ＳＩＦ分布的影响。计算过程极简单而迅速，因此特别适用于疲劳裂纹扩展行为及寿命计算问题。     

纳米复合材料激光熔覆层组织及抗磨性能

利用5kWCO2激光器，在Ni基高温合金表面制备了纳米Al2O3／钴基合金熔覆层，分析了熔覆层的组织结构及其抗磨性能．结果表明，当纳米Al2O3颗粒含量较低时，Al2O3颗粒能均匀分布于熔覆层中，从而形成纳米氧化物弥散强化的复合材料涂层；Al2O3颗粒在熔池中长大，尺寸为250-450nm；复合材料熔覆层的硬度随纳米Al2O3含量的增加而提高；当纳米Al2O3颗粒含适中时，熔覆层的抗磨性能较好；而当纳米Al2O3颗粒含量过高(3．0％)时，复合材料熔覆层的抗磨性能反而降低。     

给定寿命下的焊趾疲劳裂纹深度尺寸分析

本文提供并用统计方法研究了焊趾疲劳裂纹扩展的Ｎ～α曲线族，给出了联系给定裂纹尺寸下的疲劳分布，给定疲劳寿命下的裂纹尺寸分布以及随机初始条件的概率相容条件。研究表明，给定寿命下的焊趾疲劳裂纹深度尺寸α服从分布Ф［（μ（ａ）－ｌｏｇＮ）／σ（ａ）］。     

Very high cycle fatigue behavior of bridge steel welded joint

Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behaviors of bridge steel (Q345) welded joints were investigated using an ultrasonic fatigue test system at room temperature with a stress ratio R = ?1. The results show that the fatigue strength of welded joints is dropped by an average of 60% comparing to the base metal and the fatigue failure still occurred beyond 10⁷ cycles. The fatigue fracture of welded joints in the low cycle regime generally occurred at the solder while at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the very high cycle regime. The fatigue fracture surface was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing welding defects such as pore, micro-crack and inclusion were the main factors on decreasing the fatigue properties of welded joints. The effect of welding defects on the fatigue behaviors of welded joints was discussed in terms of experimental results and finite element simulations.     

厚钢板焊缝断裂试样疲劳裂纹预制的"高K比法"

提出了预制厚钢板焊缝断裂韧度试样疲劳裂纹的“高K比法”。用“高K比法”预制疲劳裂纹,不需要对焊缝试样进行局部韧带压缩或反向弯曲等预处理,简化了焊接接头断裂韧度试验方法,而且此法不改变原焊缝残余应力,所得到的焊缝断裂韧度值更准确,有效地解决了厚钢板焊接接头韧度评定技术的关键问题。“高K比法”可以缩短断裂韧度试验所需的时间、减少备用试样、节约人力物力。介绍了“高K比法”的试验原理、试验方法、工程应用和意义。     

Fatigue life prediction of welded cruciform joints using strain energy density factor approach

The influences of two welding processes, namely, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW), on fatigue life of cruciform joints containing lack of penetration (LOP) defects have been analyzed by using the strain energy density factor (SEDF) approach. Load carrying cruciform joints were fabricated from ASTM 517 ‘F’ grade steel. Fatigue crack growth experiments were carried out in a mechanical resonance vertical pulsator (SCHENCK 200 kN capacity) with a frequency of 30 Hz under constant amplitude loading (R=0). It was found that the fatigue lives of the cruciform joints fabricated by SMAW process were relatively higher than the FCAW counterpart. Moreover, fracture mechanics equations have been developed to predict the fatigue life of the cruciform joints fabricated by the above-mentioned two processes.     

Fatigue behaviour of FSW and MIG weldments for two aluminium alloys

The increasing use of aluminium alloys in transportation, such as railways, shipbuilding and aeronautics, calls for more efficient and reliable welding processes that would require more in depth understanding of fatigue failure. The objective of this work focuses on the contrasting difference of fatigue behaviour of joints made from the traditional process of metal inert gas (MIG) welding, and the emerging process of friction stir welding (FSW). Effort is made to relate the macroscopic mechanical behaviour to the microstructural feature of the weldments.     

Effect of welding process on fatigue crack growth behaviour of austenitic stainless steel welds in a low alloy (Q & T) steel

Fatigue crack growth behaviour from a lack of penetration (LOP) defect in austenitic stainless steel weld metals of cruciform joints made of a low alloy high strength (Q & T) steel has been studied to understand the effect of two welding processes, namely, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW). Fatigue crack growth studies were carried out at a stress ratio of R = 0 and a frequency of 90 to 110 Hz in a resonant testing equipment (Rumul, Model:8601). Crack growth rates were relatively lower in the weld metal obtained by flux cored arc welding process. Microstructural features observed revealed marked difference in the morphology of delta ferrite for the welded joints obtained from the above two welding processes. Long streaks of delta ferrite in austenite matrix were found in case of SMAW-weld metal which seem to have lowered the resistance to the fatigue crack propagation. A discontinuous network of delta ferrite found in austenite matrix in the case of FCAW-weld metal seems to have contributed to slower propagation of fatigue crack. Fractographic features also substantiate the observed trends in the fatigue crack growth behaviour.     

Effect of weld size on fatigue crack growth behaviour of cruciform joints by strain energy density factor approach

The effect of weld size on fatigue crack growth behaviour of cruciform joints containing lack of penetration defect has been analysed by using the strain energy density factor concept. Load carrying cruciform joints were fabricated from ASTM 517‘F' grade steel. Fatigue crack growth experiments were carried out in a mechanical resonance vertical pulsator (SCHENCK 200 kN capacity) with a frequency of 30 Hz under constant amplitude loading (R=0). It was found that the crack growth rates were relatively lower in the larger welds fabricated by multipass welding technique than the smaller welds fabricated by the single pass welding technique.     

复杂节点冰激疲劳分析的高效谱分析方法

冰激疲劳是威胁渤海湾导管架平台安全的一个重要因素.由于疲劳分析需要考虑所有可能环境工况下的热点应力计算,因而往往是一个复杂而费时的过程,特别对于具有复杂节点的大型结构.本文提出了处理不规则复杂节点的冰激疲劳分析的高效谱分析方法,采用既可以考虑结构整体又可以模拟局部节点细节的混合有限元模型,并结合虚拟激励法来计算热点应力的功率谱密度,在保证精度的前提下大大提高了疲劳分析效率.最后通过一个实际平台的疲劳分析实例表明了方法的可行性和实用性.本文提出的方法也可以应用于受循环载荷作用的其他结构疲劳分析中.     

Increasing the Fatigue Life of Dissimilar Friction Stir Spot Welded Al/Cu Joints by Optimization of Technological Parameters

Friction stir spot welding is a new technique used in industries for spot joining dissimilar combinations. In this investigation, dissimilar combinations of Al5052 aluminium and C10100 copper are joined by using this technique with variations of important process parameters, such as the tool rotational speed, dwell duration, and plunging depth. A central composite design model is developed for establishing empirical relationships between the process parameters and the fatigue life of the joints (number of cycles to fracture). The analysis of variance is used for determining the significance of the developed model. The response surface methodology is used for maximizing the fatigue strength. By confirmation experiments, the model is validated, and the error is found to be within four percent.     

Fatigue design of bolted joints taking into account reliability concepts

A method is presented for fatigue design by comparing the load on the bolt in joints with the fatigue strength of the bolt-nut joints. Two types of bolted joints, cylindrical and T-flange joints, are treated as examples. Reliability concepts are introduced to the design. Fatigue tests of the above-mentioned bolted joints were also carried out to verify the applicability of the method. As a result, it appears that the fatigue behavior of threaded fasteners can be estimated to some extent by comparing the load on the bolt with the fatigue strength. Paper was presented at the 1986 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in New Orleans, LA on June 8–13.     

考虑塑性和刚度不匹配的焊接残余应力估算

现有残余应力计算方法未能考虑材料塑性变形和焊接接头刚度不匹配的影响,使得焊接残余应力计算结果和实际残余应力存在较大偏差.在2219-T87铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊接头残余应力测试基础上,提出一种基于非线性有限元和材料弹性模量分区的残余应力—释放应变曲线的残余应力计算方法,研究了材料塑性变形和接头刚度不匹配对焊接残余应力计算的影响.结果表明,焊接接头中非均质材料塑性不匹配可以引起对于残余应力计算的较大误差;材料塑性变形对残余应力的影响大于接头刚度不匹配对残余应力的影响.所提出方法修正了传统方法在焊接接头的残余应力计算中由于未考虑接头非均质材料塑性不匹配而引起的误差.