固定网格的数值流形方法研究

针对单纯几何非线性的材料大变形问题, 提出一种新的研究思路------固定数学网格的数值流形方法, 简称固定网格流形法, 可以看作是采用了固定网格的拉格朗日方法. 它充分利用数值流形方法的数学网格与材料物理边界分离的特性, 具备拉格朗日法和欧拉法各自的优势, 避免了原始拉格朗日法的网格扭曲问题以及欧拉法对移动边界难以精确描述和迁移项较难处理的问题. 采用数值流形方法的大变形分步计算格式, 使得固定网格流形法实现起来并不复杂, 仅需要每步切割网格形成新的流形单元, 以及对初应力载荷进行适当的处理, 而后者是固定网格流形法的关键. 针对固定的矩形数学网格开展研究, 采用一阶多项式覆盖函数的高阶流形法, 给出了两种初应力计算方法, 并用悬臂梁大变形算例验证了固定网格流形法的可行性, 将来需要进一步解决初应力载荷所带来的计算稳定问题.      

数值流形方法在流固耦合谐振分析中的应用

数值流形方法(流形法)是石根华博士利用现代数学中流形分析的有限覆盖技术建立起来的新的数值分析方法,统一解决了连续和非连续变形的力学问题,具有广阔的应用前景。本文将流形法应用于交界面耦合的流固振动分析,采用平面矩形数学网格,针对无粘、无旋、不可压缩流体和无阻尼的固体结构,提出分析流固耦合系统简谐振动的高阶流形法公式,其中,采用拉格朗日乘子法引入流场的已知边界条件。本文还初步研究了在特殊的无限远流场中采用解析解覆盖函数的实现技术。文中算例体现了流形法网格划分的方便性和计算的高精度,显示出流形法在数值解和解析解联合运用上的优势。     

四节点四边形数值流形方法及其改进

本文对四节点四边形流形元提出了改进措施,将覆盖位移函数用自然坐标表示,使得在一般非规则有限数学覆盖网格下,数值积分变得比较容易,克服了现有四节点四边形流形单元数值积分困难的缺点。数值算例将其应用于复合材料数值模拟,计算结果表明,当覆盖位移函数采用完全一阶等参多项式时,计算精度较传统有限元法有很大改进。在力应集中或应力突变的区域,无需网格加密,只需提高覆盖位移函数的阶次即可。     

基于适合分析T样条的高阶数值流形方法

数值流形方法是一种非常灵活的数值计算方法,连续体的有限单元方法和块体系统的非连续变形分析方法只是这一数值方法的特例.数值流形方法中高阶位移函数的构造可通过提高权函数的阶次来实现,这种方法往往需要沿单元边界配置适当的边内节点,这些结点的出现增加了前处理的复杂性,特别是对于大型复杂的空间问题.另一方面,在数值流形方法中可通过缩小单元尺寸(h加密)来提高求解精度.当模拟裂纹扩展时,这种细化策略可用来克服裂纹尖端的奇异性.一个传统的解决方案是细化整个网格,但这会导致计算效率的显著降低.将适合分析的T样条(analysis-suitable T-spline,AST)引入数值流形方法中来建立高阶数值流形方法的分析格式,有效的避免了该问题的出现.AST样条基函数具有线性无关,单位分解,局部加密等许多重要性质,使得其非常适合用于工程设计及分析.在引入AST样条后,可通过改变数学覆盖的构造形式建立不同阶次的数值流形方法分析格式;AST样条自身的局部加密性质也使得数值流形方法中的数学网格局部加密更容易实现.算例结果表明:随着AST样条基函数阶次的提高,数值流形方法的计算结果有了明显的改善;基于AST样条基函数的数值流形方法在保持计算精度的前提下降低了自由度的数量.     

弹性力学的复变量数值流形方法

数值流形方法通过引入数学和物理双重网格,将插值域和积分域分别定义在两个不同的覆盖上来完成系统能量泛函积分运算. 当采用高阶函数构造位移函数时,广义节点自由度将大大增加. 在求解系统的平衡方程中,运算量是与自由度的三次方成正比的,因此数值流形方法的计算量是较大的. 为此,在复变量理论的基础上,采用一维基函数建立二维问题的逼近试函数,然后将其应用于弹性力学的数值流形方法,提出了复变量数值流形方法,推导了弹性力学的复变量数值流形方法的公式. 与传统的数值流形方法相比,复变量数值流形方法具有计算量小、精度高的优点.      

弹性力学中的一种非协调数值流形方法

通过引入数学和物理双重网格，将插值域与 积分域分别定义在不同的覆盖上，即在数学网格上进行插值函数的构造，物理网格上完成 系统能量泛函积分运算，最后通过覆盖权函数将二者联结在一起. 它的优点是单元网格划 分随意，不受复杂边界形状和二相材料界面的限制，单元可以是任意形状，是较之于有限 元方法更一般的数值模拟方法. 在4节点四边形数值流形方法中，由于单元总体位移函数 包含的完全多项式不完全，使得计算精度不够精确，为此，在单元总体位移函数上附 加非协调位移基本项，使之趋于完全，提出了弹性力学问题的一种改进的数值流形 方法------非协调数值流形方法. 通过内部自由度静力凝聚处理，导出了消除内参后的单元应变矩阵 和单元刚度矩阵，使得在不增加广义节点自由度的前提下，大大提高了数值流形方法的计 算精度和计算效率. 同时对非协调项进行了显式处理，可以对工程实践起到更切实的帮助. 数值试验表明，它们能够保证收敛，有较高的精度，对畸变不敏感，从而证明了该方法的 可行性.     

热传导问题的非协调数值流形方法

数值流形方法通过引入数学与物理双重网格，将插值域与积分域分别定义在两个不同的覆盖上，其优点是网格划分随意，不受复杂边界形状和材料界面的限制，是较之于有限元方法更一般化的数值模拟方法。在计算精度方面，数值流形方法远远高于有限元法。但它的精度还是不够理想。为此本文在单元总体位移场上附加非协调位移基本项，使单元位移函数趋于完全，构造了非协调流形单元来改善流形单元的计算精度和计算效率，并将其应用于热传导问题，推导了势问题的非协调数值流形方法。     

基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法研究

原有数值流形方法通过积累每一时步的小变形而得到结构最终的大变形,然而,当结构发生大变形、大转动时往往产生较大计算误差. 针对该问题,从动量守恒方程以及应力边界条件的积分弱形式出发,引入流形方法的插值函数,建立了基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法. 通过对比改进前后流形方法的计算迭代格式,指出了原有流形方法计算大变形问题时的误差来源. 最后,通过大变形悬臂梁和旋转块体算例对有限变形流形方法进行了验证. 数值结果表明,改进后的流形方法能够很好地处理大变形大转动问题,消除了转动所带来的计算误差,其计算结果与解析解及ABAQUS 软件求得的数值解相吻合.      

数值流形方法研究及应用进展

基于有限覆盖技术的数值流形方法是一种新的广义的数值方法.该方法的场函数近似原理和有限元、无网格、单位分解等方法相似,但在网格划分、覆盖形式、近似函数等方面有其自身的特点和优势.对该方法近年来在理论研究和应用方面取得的重要进展进行了综述.在理论研究方面, 目前已对不同形式物理覆盖流形单元的性能进行了研究,结果表明流形单元的精度较有限单元高,且提高覆盖函数的阶次能提高单元的精度;同时理论研究已由二维低阶流形方法推广到三维高阶流形方法,由线性流形方法推广到非线性流形方法,由基于能量原理的流形方法推广到基于加权余量的流形方法,非协调流形方法、无网格流形方法等也已开展了研究; 此外,覆盖系统的自动生成、覆盖函数的形式以及边界条件的处理方法等流形方法相关理论的研究也取得了进展.在应用方面,开展了有关岩石破坏和裂纹扩展等非连续变形分析更深入的研究,并已逐步推广到金属塑性变形分析、多孔介质变形分析以及温度场的数值分析等多个领域.针对目前流形方法的研究和应用现状,该文展望了流形方法理论及实现方法的研究方向、及其在计算流体力学、金属成形等大变形问题、多物理场分析等领域的应用前景.      

基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法研究简

原有数值流形方法通过积累每一时步的小变形而得到结构最终的大变形,然而,当结构发生大变形、大转动时往往产生较大计算误差. 针对该问题,从动量守恒方程以及应力边界条件的积分弱形式出发,引入流形方法的插值函数,建立了基于有限变形理论的数值流形方法. 通过对比改进前后流形方法的计算迭代格式,指出了原有流形方法计算大变形问题时的误差来源. 最后,通过大变形悬臂梁和旋转块体算例对有限变形流形方法进行了验证. 数值结果表明,改进后的流形方法能够很好地处理大变形大转动问题,消除了转动所带来的计算误差,其计算结果与解析解及ABAQUS 软件求得的数值解相吻合.     

Characteristic-based finite volume scheme for 1D Euler eouations

In this paper, a high-order finite-volume scheme is presented for the one-dimensional scalar and inviscid Euler conservation laws. The Simpson's quadrature rule is used to achieve high-order accuracy in time. To get the point value of the Simpson's quadrature, the characteristic theory is used to obtain the positions of the grid points at each sub-time stage along the characteristic curves, and the third-order and fifth-order central weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CWENO) reconstruction is adopted to estimate the cell point values. Several standard one-dimensional examples are used to verify the high-order accuracy, convergence and capability of capturing shock.     

Large-eddy simulation of wing tip vortex in the near field

Large-eddy simulation with filtered-structure-function subgrid model and implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES without explicit subgrid model) using high-order accuracy and high resolution compact scheme have been performed on the tip vortex shedding from a rectangular half-wing with a NACA 0012 airfoil section and a rounded wing tip. The formation of the tip vortex and its initial development in the boundary layer and the near field wake are investigated and analysed in detail. The physics, why the tip vortex, which is originally turbulent in the boundary layer, is re-laminarised and becomes stable and laminar rapidly after shedding in the near field, is revealed by this simulation. The computation also shows the widely used second-order subgrid model is not consistent to six-order compact scheme and would degenerate the six-order LES results to second-order. Therefore, high-order schemes, grid refinement and six-order subgrid models are critical to LES approaches.     

A general nonlinear global-local theory for bending and buckling analyses of imperfect cylindrical laminated and sandwich shells under thermomechanical loads

The accurate shell theories proposed so far have been calibrated based on linear kinematic relations. Many of them have ignored either the interlaminar stress continuity conditions at the interfaces or the transverse flexibility of the layers. Therefore, the available shell theories may encounter accuracy problems when analyzing the nonlinear behaviors, especially for sandwich shells with soft cores. Moreover, almost all of the available shell theories have been proposed employing the Love-Timoshenko assumption. Ideas of the previous global-local plate theory of the author are extended to develop the present nonlinear high-order global-local shell theory. The present theory has the advantages of: (1) suitability for non-linear analyses, (2) higher accuracy due to satisfying the complete interlaminar kinematic and transverse stress continuity conditions at the layer interfaces under thermo-mechanical loads, employing the exact Green’s strain tensor of the curvilinear coordinates, considering the transverse flexibility, and releasing the Love-Timoshenko assumption, (3) less required computational time due to using the global-local technique and matrix formulations, and (4) capability of investigating the local phenomena. To enhance the accuracy of the results, compatible Hermitian elements are employed. Various comparative examples are included in the present paper to validate the theory and to examine its accuracy and efficiency.     

High-order curvilinear mesh generation technique based on an improved radius basic function approach

A high-order curvilinear hybrid mesh generation technique is developed for high-order numerical method (eg, discontinuous Galerkin method) applications to improve the accuracy for problems with curve boundary. The grid generation technique is based on an improved radius basic function (RBF) approach by which the straight-edge mesh is converted into high-order curve mesh. Firstly, an initial straight-edge mesh is prepared by traditional grid generation software. Then, high-order interpolation points are inserted into the mesh entities such as edges, faces, and cells according to the final demand of mesh order. To preserve the original geometry, the inserted points on solid wall are then projected onto the CAD model using an open source tool “Open Cascade.” Finally, other inserted points in the field near the solid wall are moved to appropriate positions by the improved RBF approach to avoid tangled cells. If we use the original RBF approach, then the inserted points on the edge and face entities normal to the solid boundary in the region of boundary layer will move to improper positions. To overcome this problem, a weighting based on the local grid aspect ratio between normal direction and tangential direction is introduced into the baseline RBF approach. Three typical configurations are tested to validate the mesh generator. Meanwhile, a third-order solution of subsonic flow over an analytical 3D body of revolution in the second International Workshop on High-Order CFD Methods is supplied by a discontinuous Galerkin solver. These numerical tests demonstrate the potential capability of present technique for high-order simulations of complex geometries.     

Characteristic-based finite volume scheme for 1D Euler equations

In this paper, a high-order finite-volume scheme is presented for the one- dimensional scalar and inviscid Euler conservation laws. The Simpson＇s quadrature rule is used to achieve high-order accuracy in time. To get the point value of the Simpson＇s quadrature, the characteristic theory is used to obtain the positions of the grid points at each sub-time stage along the characteristic curves, and the third-order and fifth-order central weighted essentially non-oscillatory （CWENO） reconstruction is adopted to estimate the cell point values. Several standard one-dimensional examples are used to verify the high-order accuracy, convergence and capability of capturing shock.     

基于IGA-SIMP法的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化

建立了一种IGA-SIMP框架下的连续体结构应力约束拓扑优化方法。基于常用的SIMP模型,将非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）函数用于几何建模、结构分析和设计参数化,实现了结构分析和优化设计的集成统一。利用高阶连续的NURBS基函数,等几何分析（IGA）提高了结构应力及其灵敏度的计算精度,增加了拓扑优化结果的可信性。为处理大量局部应力约束,提出了基于稳定转换法修正的P-norm应力约束策略,以克服拓扑优化中的迭代振荡和收敛困难。通过几个典型平面应力问题的拓扑优化算例表明了本文方法的有效性和精确性。应力约束下的体积最小化设计以及体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的算例表明,基于稳定转换法修正的约束策略可以抑制应力约束体积最小化设计中的迭代振荡现象,获得稳定收敛的优化解;比较而言,体积和应力约束下的柔顺度最小化设计的迭代过程更加稳健,适合采用精确修正的应力约束策略。     

一类高精度TVD差分格式及其应用

构造了一维非线性双曲型守恒律的一个新的高精度、高分辨率的守恒型TvD差分格式。其构造思想是：首先，将计算区间划分为若干个互不相交的小区间，再根据精度要求等分小区间，通过各细小区间上的单元平均状态变量，重构各细小区间交界面上的状态变量，并加以校正；其次，利用近似Riemann解计算细小区间交界面上的数值通量，并结合高阶Runge—Kutta TVD方法进行时间离散，得到了高精度的全离散方法。证明了该格式的TVD特性。该格式适合于使用分量形式计算而无须进行局部特征分解。通过计算几个典型的问题，验证了格式具有高精度、高分辨率且计算简单的优点。     

Transient dynamic analysis of interface cracks in anisotropic bimaterials by the scaled boundary finite-element method

The transient response of finite bimaterial plates with interface cracks is analyzed directly in the time domain by using the scaled boundary finite-element method. A bimaterial plate is divided into a few subdomains. Only the boundaries of the subdomains are discretized with line elements leading to great flexibility in mesh generation. The displacement and stress fields are expressed as a series solution which separates the singular stress term from other high-order terms. The oscillatory stress singularity in the radial direction emanating from the scaling center is represented analytically. The complex dynamic stress intensity factors are evaluated directly from either the stresses or the crack opening displacements of the singular stress term. Numerical examples of cracked anisotropic bimaterial plates are presented to verify the accuracy of the present technique and to provide additions to the very limited number of reference solutions in the literature.     

Non-linear dynamic thermo-mechanical buckling analysis of the imperfect laminated and sandwich cylindrical shells based on a global-local theory inherently suitable for non-linear analyses

The available accurate shell theories satisfy the interlaminar transverse stress continuity conditions based on linear strain-displacement relations. Furthermore, in majority of these theories, either influence of the transverse normal stress and strain or the transverse flexibility of the shell has been ignored. These effects remarkably influence the non-linear behavior of the shells especially in the postbuckling region. Furthermore, majority of the buckling analyses performed so far for the laminated composite and sandwich shells have been restricted to linear, static analysis of the perfect shells. Moreover, almost all the available shell theories have employed the Love-Timoshenko assumption, which may lead to remarkable errors for thick and relatively thick shells. In the present paper, a novel three-dimensional high-order global-local theory that satisfies all the kinematic and the interlaminar stress continuity conditions at the layer interfaces is developed for imperfect cylindrical shells subjected to thermo-mechanical loads.In comparison with the layerwise, mixed, and available global-local theories, the present theory has the advantages of: (1) suitability for non-linear analyses, (2) higher accuracy due to satisfying the complete interlaminar kinematic and transverse stress continuity conditions, considering the transverse flexibility, and releasing the Love-Timoshenko assumption, (3) less required computational time due to using the global-local technique and matrix formulations, and (4) capability of investigating the local phenomena. To enhance the accuracy of the results, compatible Hermitian quadrilateral elements are employed. The buckling loads are determined based on a criterion previously published by the author.