深部回采巷道围岩零应变交界圈现象的模型试验研究

以淮南矿区口孜东矿深部回采巷道为工程背景,采用真三轴模型试验装置模拟了从浅埋静水压力、深埋静水压力、初掘采动应力(K=1.5为1.5倍900m埋深静水压力,后同)到回采动压(K=2~3)等不同应力条件下,大、小两种尺寸的直墙拱形回采巷道围岩应变状态,获得了浅埋条件下巷道围岩浅部拉应变、深部零应变,以及深埋静水压力及初掘采动应力下,巷道围岩出现"零应变交界圈"现象及深埋回采高应力下非线性大应变的围岩应变特征。应变监测结果反映了深部回采巷道围岩变形破坏的动态演化过程,为巷道的稳定性控制提供了一定的思考。     

高应力回采巷道围岩破裂机理及控制研究

为了研究巷道围岩破裂的危险性与工程地质的相关性, 借助弹塑性力学 的复变函数方法求解了巷道围岩的应力函数, 然后深入研究了高应力回采巷道围岩破裂机理, 提出以危险函数来评价巷道围岩破裂的危险性和确定巷道破裂时的滑移面分布特征的方法, 得到回采巷道的实用控制技术, 此法具有使用性广、计算简便的优点.     

巷道围岩渐进性破坏分析

本文依据岩石破坏特性：扩容性和渐进性，分析了现有巷道围岩弹塑性分析结果与实测资料不符的原因，推导了反映巷道围岩渐进破坏与巷道收敛之间关系的方程式。     

巷道两帮破坏范围的EKKO雷达探测研究

介绍了用ＥＫＫＯ探地雷达对华丰煤矿巷道两帮破坏范围进行探测研究的成果，并通过多元回归分析给出了两帮破坏范围与埋深，岩体单向抗压强度，巷道跨度及服务年限之间的关系式，这对类似条件下巷道两帮破坏范围的预测，具有重要参考价值．     

煤岩巷道冲击破坏过程相似模拟试验研究

采用相似材料模拟试验研究方法,利用单轴加载系统和数字散斑光测技术,根据相似材料配比制备脆性材料,对标准试块和三维巷道模型进行了相似试验研究。对相似模拟试验结果分析可知,实验室制备脆性材料模拟冲击地压巷道破坏过程是可行的,冲击破坏特征较明显;散斑计算结果说明,试块位移和应变变化与裂缝出现、扩展和贯通具有一致性,且竖向裂缝开展数量多、速度快;相似模拟试验结果也表明巷道顶板受冲击作用和下沉位移较大,两边帮向巷道内部弯曲变形也较大,甚至出现煤岩抛出和巷道垮塌。本试验也为进一步揭示煤岩巷道冲击破坏规律提供了新的途径。     

矩形巷道围岩弹性变形能积聚特征分析

煤矿冲击地压主要发生在巷道中,其主要原因之一是巷道围岩积聚了大量的弹性能。为得出矩形巷道围岩弹性变形能积聚特征,降低巷道支护成本,推导了巷道冲击破坏失稳能量准则,并建立了矩形巷道围岩能量积聚计算模型,理论分析了采深、巷道断面尺寸和煤层厚度对矩形巷道围岩能量积聚影响规律,得出:矩形巷道积聚的弹性能随采深的增加而增大,采深越深,巷道积聚的弹性能增长速率越快。巷道围岩积聚能量随巷道断面尺寸增加而增大。当煤层厚度小于巷道影响范围时,巷道积聚能量随煤层厚度增加而增大。在实际工程中,尽可能减小巷道断面尺寸,尽可能沿顶、底板布置巷道。研究结果为冲击地压巷道布置和降低巷道支护成本提供了理论依据。     

深部岩体圆形巷道围岩松动圈形成机理数值试验研究

采用损伤力学和统计理论的单元本构模型,探讨深部岩体巷道围岩破坏规律, 利用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA$^{\rm 2D}$, 对深部 岩体中的圆形巷道的变形及非线性渐进破坏特征、巷道周边关键部位的位移和应力变化进行 了分析,研究了圆形巷道围岩松动圈的形成机理. 研究表明：巷道开挖后,其周边形成应力 集中带,随着围岩压力的持续作用,巷道周边产生塑性变形区,并沿径向形成裂纹;随着裂 纹的不断扩展,巷道周边出现松动破裂区,即松动圈. 产生破裂区后,应力集中程度减弱, 应力高峰点向远处转移.     

基于实测地应力深埋巷道塑性区定量分析

深埋巷道大变形、强流变的破坏特征源于其高地应力的作用,准确分析已开掘巷道塑性区分布对巷道围岩变形影响、开掘方案选择及后续类似条件巷道布置意义深远。在围岩力学参数测试、地应力场测试的基础上,采用弹塑性理论、M-C准则、修正的“当量半径”理论简化计算了直墙半圆拱形断面布置下深埋巷道的围岩塑性区大小,分析了巷道围岩塑性区受采动应力、侧压系数单独及耦合作用影响规律。在侧压系数为0.5、垂直压力为35MPa时底板塑性区最大,其值为2.65m,建议加强巷道底板的支护与维护,并给出了塑性区控制方案。研究结果可为后续类似条件下巷道开掘方案优选、支护设计及围岩稳定性判定提供一定的借鉴。     

锚杆防治软件岩巷道底臌的分析

利用理想刚塑性理论分析了松软围岩巷道产生底臌机理，在实践其中上提出了沿巷道墙基打角描杆对防止软岩巷道底臌有明显作用。并推算了锚杆支护参数的计算方法。这对于简化软岩巷道施工工艺，降低巷道支护成本有一定的指导意义。     

金属矿山矿柱回采时爆破荷载下采空区的围岩稳定性

以朝不楞矿区铁锌多金属矿山工程地质为依据,采用FLAC-3D软件及超声波测试,以岩体爆破损伤理论为基础,系统研究了多次爆破作用下井下分段回采巷道掘进时,回采巷道围岩损伤累计增长规律,并对尾砂胶结物充填相邻采空区下的矿柱回采进行了三维有限元数值模拟,分析了围岩爆破累计损伤和残留矿体矿柱回采及采空区稳定性。     

Two-phase flow in inclined tubes with specific reference to condensation: A review

Tilting influences the flow patterns and thus the heat transfer and pressure drop during condensation in smooth tubes. However, few studies are available on diabatic two-phase flows in inclined tubes. The purpose of the present paper is to review two-phase flow in inclined tubes, with specific reference to condensation. Firstly, the paper reviews convective condensation in horizontal tubes. Secondly, an overview is given of two-phase flow in inclined tubes. Thirdly, a review is conducted on condensation in inclined tubes. It is shown for convective condensation in inclined tubes that the inclination angle influences the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased or decreased depending on the experimental conditions, and especially the flow pattern. Under certain conditions, an inclination angle may exist, which leads to an optimum heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, this paper highlights the lack of experimental studies for the prediction of the inclination angle effect on the flow pattern, the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop in two-phase flows during phase change.     

基于分段Knothe函数的采空区埋地管道动态力学特性研究

针对穿越采空区埋地管道的动态力学预测问题,本文在概率积分法基础上将煤矿开采距离定义为开采时间与开采速度的乘积,采用分段Knothe函数模型并使用叠加原理,建立了在管-土协同变形期间水平煤层及缓倾斜煤层下埋地管道的动态下沉模型;在此基础上,运用弹性地基梁模型求解管道的挠度并结合分段Knothe函数建立了管道动态力学预测模型。结果表明:通过对比理论计算数据与实测数据可知,基于分段Knothe函数的预测方法能够比较真实地反映埋地管道的动态下沉位移及不断开采对埋地管道下沉变化的客观规律,且通过管道挠度方程能准确预测管道的动态力学行为。     

Modeling of oil–water flow using energy minimization concept

A new model is developed to predict flow behaviors including flow pattern, pressure gradient and holdup for oil–water flow in horizontal and slightly inclined pipes. The model is based on the universal principle that a system stabilizes to its minimum total energy. The structural configurations observed in two-phase flow systems can be interpreted in terms of total energy minimization. Performance of the developed model is tested against several experimental data, and comparisons with existing models are presented. It is evident from the results and comparisons that the model estimates the pressure gradient and flow pattern very well. The model provides extensive information about oil–water flow characteristics.     

Natural convection in an inclined enclosure with a fluid layer and a heat-generating porous bed

Multiple steady-state solutions of natural convection in an inclined enclosure with a fluid layer and a heat-generating porous bed is investigated numerically by the finite volume method. The conservation equations for the porous layer are based on a general flow model which includes both the effects of flow inertia and friction. The flow in fluid layer is modeled by Navier–Stokes equations. The method of pseudo arc-length continuation is adapted in studying the effects of tilt angle on flow pattern and heat transfer. It is found that, in the whole domain of tilt angle, there exist two groups of solutions with quite different flow pattern and heat transfer behavior. The effects of aspect ratio on flow pattern and heat transfer have also been studied. Received on 04 March 1997     

岩石试件端面效应的变形局部化数值模拟研究

试件端面效应直接影响试件内的应力分布、试件破坏形式和剪切带图案。采用FLAC - 3D模拟了端面效应对岩石试件剪切带图案、速度场和位移场的影响。试样端部的缚束作用较强时 ,仅在试样中部出现X形的剪切带 ;反之 ,在试样端部出现了倾斜的剪切带。压头刚性越大 ,剪切带倾角越大。块体具有整体平移的特性 ,剪切带边缘位移梯度却较大 ,反映了块体沿剪切带发生滑动的剪切破坏本质。数值模拟结果可在众多的试验结果中找到佐证。     

重庆涪陵五中滑坡特征及成因分析

重庆涪陵五中滑坡（130×104m3）发生于2008年1月3日,该滑坡位于涪陵五中西南的迎宾大道内侧,属单斜顺层岩质滑坡。通过详细的现场调查和室内资料分析后认为：中倾坡外的顺层结构、碎裂结构的岩体为滑坡的孕育和发生提供了物质基础和结构条件,是滑坡发生的结构性因素;泥质砂岩和泥岩属中等膨胀性岩石,遇水极易软化,加之历史上构造应力的作用,形成层间泥化夹层,泥化夹层含膨胀性粘土矿物蒙脱石和伊利石,是造成滑坡发生的控制性因素。诱发因素主要有两个：一是由于水的作用,坡体岩层间泥化夹层发生软化,降低了力学强度;二是修建公路开挖坡脚进行人工切坡形成有效临空面,坡体具备了临空剪出的条件。随着坡体的蠕动变形,在各种因素的综合作用下,层间剪切带逐渐贯通,最终导致滑坡发生。     

Direct simulation of breakdown to turbulence following oblique instability waves in a supersonic boundary layer

The late stages of transition to turbulence in a Mach two boundary layer are investigated by direct numerical simulation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The primary instability at this Mach number consists of oblique waves, which are known to form a pattern of quasi-streamwise vortices. It is found that breakdown does not follow immediately from these vortices, which decay in intensity. The generation of new vortices is observed by following the evolution of the pressure and vorticity in the simulation, and analysed by consideration of vorticity stretching. It is found that the slight inclined and skewed nature of the quasi-streamwise vortices leads to a production of oppositely signed streamwise vorticity, which serves as a strong localised forcing of the shear layer alongside the original vortices, formed by convection and stretching of spanwise vorticity. The shear layer rolls up into many new vortices, and is followed by a sharp increase in the energy of higher frequencies and in the skin friction.     

Stability of advective flow in an inclined plane fluid layer bounded by solid planes with a longitudinal temperature gradient. 1. Unstable stratification

The stability of steady convective flow in an inclined plane fluid layer bounded by ideally heat conducting solid planes is studied in the presence of a homogeneous longitudinal temperature gradient under unstable stratification conditions where the layer is inclined so that the temperature is higher in the lower part than in the upper part. It is shown that the inclination leads to the transition from critical perturbations to long-wavelength helical perturbations. Flow stability maps are given for the entire range of Prandtl numbers and inclination angles corresponding to unstable stratification.     

Flow pattern transitions in vertical and upwardly inclined lines

Additional data has been obtained on flow pattern transitions during cocurrent gas-liquid flow in vertical and upwardly inclined lines. These data, together with those previously available in the literature, have enabled the development of improved dimensionless correlations for flow pattern boundaries. The individual boundary lines bave been combined into simple overall flow pattern maps.