微波辅助提取刺梨中总黄酮的工艺参数优化

以刺梨果实为原料,对微波辅助提取刺梨中的总黄酮的工艺进行研究,采用单因素试验法对影响微波辅助提取刺梨果实中总黄酮的影响因素进行分析,利用正交试验优化提取总黄酮的工艺条件。研究表明,微波辅助提取刺梨总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:20(g/mL),乙醇浓度60%,微波萃取功率400W,微波辐射时间3min。最佳工艺条件下的总黄酮的提取率为1.39%。     

内排及削坡对露天矿边坡稳定性影响的实验分析

露天矿边坡稳定是煤矿工程安全生产的主要问题之一。采用内排压脚和削坡减重措施对增强边坡稳定作用较大,有利于现场开采安全。以安家岭露天矿29209工作面为研究对象,采用相似材料模型和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究内排及削坡对露天矿边坡稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,上覆岩层的垮落和变形形成的"拱式"结构使得岩体向边坡临空面方向发生水平移动,造成边坡岩体的开裂,甚至形成滑移面或潜在滑移面;随工作面的推进,地表形成W型沉陷形状,沉陷区域波及到坡面位置,累计沉降值达到2m左右;内排和削坡措施可有效减小边坡沿煤层上下面的错动;边坡的变形破坏以层间错动为主,同时伴有朝向采空区的塌陷;当工作面推进超过设计停采线50m时,垂直方向裂隙带下沉,1360平盘向边坡临空面水平推移约3m,形成典型"推移式"滑坡模式。     

Ultrafast Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials （C19H25N2）7Hn [P2Mo18-n Vn O62]

We have measured the third-order optical nonlinearity of the organic-inorganic hybrid materials of supermolecules (C19H25N2)7Hn [P2Mo18-n Vn O62] (n = 1, 2, 4, 5) and their reactants (C19H25N2) Br and Hn 6[P2Mo18-n Vn O62] by using the ultrafast optical Kerr effect at 830 nm wavelength, with time resolution of 115fs. By comparing the γ values of the supermolecules and their reactants, it is concluded that the charge-transfer eahanced remarkably the third-order optical nonlinearity of the compounds. With the increment of the number of the vanadium atoms,the electron distribution changed strongly and the γ value decreased dramatically.     

Ge-Ga-Cd硫化物玻璃的超快三阶非线性光学性质与结构关系研究

本文采用飞秒时间分辨光学克尔门技术测量了GeS2-Ga2S3-CdS硫化物玻璃体系的超快三阶非线性光学响应，所用激光波长分别为820nm和640nm。?实验结果证明了GeS2-Ga2S3-CdS组分玻璃具有很大的飞秒超快三阶非线性光学响应，另外，其Kerr信号随摩尔组分的不同呈显著变化。通过拉曼光谱结构分析，探讨了此系列硫化物玻璃的三阶非线性光学性质与结构的关系，结果表明构成玻璃网络的四面体结构单元[GeS4]([GaS4])对其超快三阶光学非线性起重要作用。实验还表明了此硫化物玻璃体系的超快三阶非线性不符合半经验的Miller定律。     

Large and Ultrafast Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ge-S Based Chalcogenide Glasses

We report ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical （NLO） properties of several chalcogenide glasses GeSx （x = 1.8, 2.0, 2.5） measured by femtosecond time-resolved optical Kerr gate technique at 82Ohm. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of GeS1.8 glass is determined to be as large as 1.41 ×10^-12 esu, which is the maximum value of the third order nonlinear susceptibility Х^（3） for the three compositions investigated. The symmetric Gauss profiles of optical Kerr signals reveal the nature of ultrafast nonlinear response of these samples, which are originated from the ultrafast polarization of the electron clouds. By detailed microstructural analysis of these glasses based on the chain-crossing model （CCM） and the random-covalent-network model （RCNM）, it can be concluded that Х^（3） value of GeSx glasses can be enhanced greatly by S-S covalent bonds or S3 Ge-GeS3 ethane-l＆e units.     

Investigation of third-order nonlinear optical properties of two azo-nickel chelate compounds

This paper investigates the third-order nonlinear optical properties of two azo-nickel chelate compounds by the optical Kerr gate method at 830 nm wavelength with pulse duration of 120 fs. Both of the two compounds exhibited large third-order optical nonlinearity. The second-order hyperpolarizability,γ, of Compound 1 is of 1.0 × 10^-31 esu. Due to the charge transfer, the γ of Compound 2 with electron donor and acceptor group is 4.9 × 10^-31 esu, which is a four-time enhancement in comparison with Compound i. The absorption spectra show that the electron push-pull effect, which induces intramolecular charge transfer, leads to the increased optical nonlinearity.     

煤岩巷道冲击破坏过程相似模拟试验研究

采用相似材料模拟试验研究方法,利用单轴加载系统和数字散斑光测技术,根据相似材料配比制备脆性材料,对标准试块和三维巷道模型进行了相似试验研究。对相似模拟试验结果分析可知,实验室制备脆性材料模拟冲击地压巷道破坏过程是可行的,冲击破坏特征较明显;散斑计算结果说明,试块位移和应变变化与裂缝出现、扩展和贯通具有一致性,且竖向裂缝开展数量多、速度快;相似模拟试验结果也表明巷道顶板受冲击作用和下沉位移较大,两边帮向巷道内部弯曲变形也较大,甚至出现煤岩抛出和巷道垮塌。本试验也为进一步揭示煤岩巷道冲击破坏规律提供了新的途径。     

深部煤岩体保护层开采上覆岩层应力释放与转移特征的实验研究

煤层群保护层合理开采及了解其上覆岩层应力释放和转移特征是考察保护层开采效果的重要途径。对煤层群保护层开采卸压机制进行了分析,得出间隔保护层开采卸压方式可使上、下被保护层双向卸压重叠(即保护层开采上、下双向应力释放,开采影响范围相互叠加),煤层卸压效果较好。采用相似材料模拟和数值计算相结合的研究方法,对煤层群保护层开采卸压过程进行研究,分析保护层开采上覆岩层及被保护层应力释放与转移特征。研究结果表明,应力的积聚、释放和转移过程也伴随着岩层的变形,应力呈现出"增加-减小-再增大-再降低-平稳"过程,其变形呈现出"增加-急剧减小-再增加-平稳"的过程;相似模拟实验结果与数值计算结果具有较好的一致性,说明间隔保护层开采卸压方式可使上、下被保护层双向卸压重叠,是煤层群开采中较合理的卸压方式。