Comparative study of two fluid model and dense discrete phase model for simulations of gas-solid hydrodynamics in circulating fluidized beds

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has become a valuable tool to study the complex gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed(CFB).Based on the two fluid model(TFM)under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework and the dense discrete phase model(DDPM)under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework,this work conducts the comparative study of the gas-solid hydrodynamics in a CFB riser by these two different models.Results show that DDPM could be used to predict gas-solid hydrodynamics in the circulating fluidized bed,and there are differences between TFM and DDPM,especially in the radial distribution profiles of solid phase.Sensitivity analysis results show that the gas-solid drag model exhibits significant effects on the results for both the two models.The specularity coefficient and the restitution coefficient in the TFM,as well as the reflection coefficient and the parcel number in the DDPM,exhibit less impact on the simulated results.     

Torsional static and vibration analysis of functionally graded nanotube with bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model

A torsional static and free vibration analysis of the functionally graded nanotube(FGNT)composed of two materials varying continuously according to the power-law along the radial direction is performed using the bi-Helmholtz kernel based stress-driven nonlocal integral model.The differential governing equation and boundary conditions are deduced on the basis of Hamilton’s principle,and the constitutive relationship is expressed as an integral equation with the bi-Helmholtz kernel.Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify the differential governing equation,integral constitutive equation,and boundary conditions.Rather than transforming the constitutive equation from integral to differential forms,the Laplace transformation is used directly to solve the integro-differential equations.The explicit expression for nominal torsional rotation and torque contains four unknown constants,which can be determined with the help of two boundary conditions and two extra constraints from the integral constitutive relation.A few benchmarked examples are solved to illustrate the nonlocal influence on the static torsion of a clamped-clamped(CC)FGNT under torsional constraints and a clamped-free(CF)FGNT under concentrated and uniformly distributed torques as well as the torsional free vibration of an FGNT under different boundary conditions.     

Analysis on nonlinear effect of unsteady percolation in the inhomogeneous shale gas reservoir

The nonlinear effects of unsteady multi-scale shale gas percolation,such as desorption,slippage,diffusion,pressure-dependent viscosity,and compressibility,are investigated by numerical simulation.A new general mathematical model of the problem is built,in which the Gaussian distribution is used to describe the inhomogeneous intrinsic permeability.Based on the Boltzmann transformation,an efficient semi-analytical method is proposed.The problem is then converted into a nonlinear equation in an integral form for the pressure field,and a related explicit iteration scheme is constructed by numerical discretization.The validation examples show that the proposed method has good convergence,and the simulation results also agree well with the results obtained from both numerical and actual data of two vertical fractured test wells in the literature.Desorption,slippage,and diffusion have significant influence on shale gas flows.The accuracy of the usual technique that the product of viscosity and compressibility is approximated as its value at the average formation pressure is examined.     

Active control of multiscale features in wall-bounded turbulence

This study experimentally investigates the impact of a single piezoelectric(PZT)actuator on a turbulent boundary layer from a statistical viewpoint.The working conditions of the actuator include a range of frequencies and amplitudes.The streamwise velocity signals in the turbulent boundary layer flow are measured downstream of the actuator using a hot-wire anemometer.The mean velocity profiles and other basic parameters are reported.Spectra results obtained by discrete wavelet decomposition indicate that the PZT vibration primarily influences the near-wall region.The turbulent intensities at different scales suggest that the actuator redistributes the near-wall turbulent energy.The skewness and flatness distributions show that the actuator effectively alters the sweep events and reduces intermittency at smaller scales.Moreover,under the impact of the PZT actuator,the symmetry of vibration scales’velocity signals is promoted and the structural composition appears in an orderly manner.Probability distribution function results indicate that perturbation causes the fluctuations in vibration scales and smaller scales with high intensity and low intermittency.Based on the flatness factor,the bursting process is also detected.The vibrations reduce the relative intensities of the burst events,indicating that the streamwise vortices in the buffer layer experience direct interference due to the PZT control.     

Asymptotics for filtration of polydisperse suspension with small impurities

A model for deep bed filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small impurities in a porous medium is considered.Different suspended particles move with the same velocity as the carrier water and get blocked in the pore throats due to the size-exclusion mechanism of particle retention.A solution of the model in the form of a traveling wave is obtained.The global exact solution for a multiparticle filtration with one high concentration and several low concentrations of suspended particles is obtained in an explicit form.The analytic solutions for a bidisperse suspension with large and small particles are constructed.The profiles of the retained small particles change monotony with time.The global asymptotics for the filtration of a polydisperse suspension with small kinetic rates is constructed in the whole filtration zone.     

一种Cartesian气动网格的自适应划分算法

提出了针对空间Cartesian结构化网格的自适应划分算法,以满足飞机总体设计过程中进行多学科设计优化时根据方案变化生成CFD计算网格的需要,使气动特性能够得以自动化分析,并且保证优化迭代过程的顺利进行.分析了Cartesian网格划分过程中的两个关键问题,并给出了解决方法.在此基础之上,从理论上推导了能够自动适应飞机布局形式以及几何尺寸任意变化的Cartesian网格生成算法和实际划分步骤,并给出了其中部分主要的计算公式,同时论述了自适应划分过程中的若干重要问题.阐述了自适应划分所需的飞机及其部件特征尺寸的获取途径.最后展示了几个由自适应划分算法生成的Cartesian网格实例以说明其实际应用.     

低温超导核磁共振陀螺仪模型

建立了单工作物质的三自由度3He低温超导核磁共振陀螺仪结构;利用了量子力学和经典动力学,经过严密的力学分析和数学演算,给出了三轴陀螺仪的工作原理和结构示意图;针对陀螺仪的交叉轴角速率耦合问题,给出了附加磁场线圈解耦法和冗余设计结构,最后建立了基于超导量子干涉仪探测磁矩,并采用最小二乘估计法来推导陀螺进动频率.陀螺仪测速范围可以达到10-9～103 rad/s,漂移为10-4 (°)/h.该陀螺仪结合低温超导技术具有高精度的前景.需要进一步对超导量子干涉磁矩检测仪的精度与陀螺性能进行研究.     

DEM investigation of macro-and micro-mechanical properties of rigid-grain and soft-chip mixtures

We investigated the macro-and micro-mechanical properties of rigid-grain and soft-chip mixtures(GCMs)through numerical simulations using the discrete element method.We present a novel framework for the discrete modeling of soft chips and rigid grains in conjunction with calibration processes.Several numerical triaxial tests were also performed on GCMs with 0%,10%,20%,and 30%volumetric chip contents,P.The simulation results demonstrate that increasing P leads to higher GCM toughness,higher deviatoric peak stress,and higher corresponding shear strain.Higher P also contributes to more volume contraction and less dilation.The friction angles at both the peak and residual state significantly increase with increasing P.In view of the micro-mechanical features,strong contact force chains develop along the loading direction,which results in considerable anisotropy in the peak and residual states.Both the formation of strong force chains and rotation of grains decrease with increasing P,whereas the grain sliding percentage increases.The tensile force is mobilized with shearing and higher P leads to less mobilization of the tensile force.These findings are useful for better understanding the internal structure of GCMs with different soft-chip contents,especially in granular mixture mechanics and geomechanics.     

Interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress in an infinite elastic plane with two circular holes

Numerous researches have focused on the physical behavior of an elastic material in the vicinity of a single hole under the assumption that the interaction effects arising from the introduction of multiple holes remain negligible if the holes are placed sufficiently far from each other.In an effort to understand hole interaction effects on heat conduction and thermal stress,we consider the case when two circular holes are embedded in an infinite elastic material and use complex variable methods together with numerical analysis to obtain solutions describing temperature and elastic fields in the vicinity of the two circular holes.The results indicate that the interaction effects on temperature distribution and stress strongly depend on the relative size of the two holes and the distance placed between them but not on the actual size of the holes.     

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编辑部的同志要我写一点回忆,以纪念<力学与实践>创刊30年.往事悠悠,使我又回到20世纪70年代那动荡不安,却又是激情四射的年代.     

基于自适应遗传算法的Stewart平台结构双目标优化设计

探讨了大射电望远镜精调Stewart平台的设计准则,建立了综合衡量Stewart平台运动精度和质量的双目标优化模型,以其结构强度和固有频率为约束条件,采用自适应遗传算法对该优化问题求解。通过与采用标准遗传算法所得优化结果的比较,验证了自适应遗传算法在Stewart平台结构参数设计中的有效性。     

频率约束的三维连续体结构动力拓扑优化设计

针对频率约束和结构重量最小的动力拓扑优化问题, 基于(independent continuous mapping, ICM)独立、连续、映射方法,建立了频率约束下的三维连续体拓扑优化模型. 利用瑞利商和一阶泰勒展式对频率约束进行了显式化处理,并采用幂函数与复合指数函数作为过滤函数,将优化模型进行了标准化转换, 利用对偶理论及数学规划法进行了求解. 另外,利用质量矩阵和刚度矩阵过滤函数比值与动态约束处理了局部模态和模态交换等数值问题. 最后,通过应用两类不同过滤函数的数值算例表明了文中模型及方法在处理动力拓扑优化问题上的合理性与有效性.      

基于拟满应力设计和遗传算法的网架截面优化方法

通过在遗传算法中嵌入拟满应力算子,提出了一种以网架结构杆件截面作为离散变量的优化设计方法,即基于拟满应力设计和遗传算法的网架截面优化方法.分析结果表明,该法能够提高遗传算法的搜索效率和获得全局最优解的可靠性,对于同时有应力和位移约束的网架等空间结构截面优化问题,这种混合算法有较高的效率.     

钢-复合材料组合结构材料选型优化设计映射解法

建立了基于拓扑分布的钢-复合材料组合结构材料选型优化的数学模型,通过变量连续化,用映射函数对材料选型优化模型进行函数变换,使其能适应更多的优化算法进行求解.分别采用线性函数、指数函数、对数函数、阶跃函数、反三角函数和分段函数等对原始模型进行了变换,得到相应材料选型优化模型并求解.以组合浮筏材料选择动力学优化为例,对比研...     

A structural topological optimization method for multi-displacement constraints and any initial topology configuration

In density-based topological design, one expects that the final result consists of elements either black （solid material） or white （void）, without any grey areas. Moreover, one also expects that the optimal topology can be obtained by starting from any initial topology configuration. An improved structural topological optimization method for multidisplacement constraints is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the whole optimization process is divided into two optimization adjustment phases and a phase transferring step. Firstly, an optimization model is built to deal with the varied displacement limits, design space adjustments, and reasonable relations between the element stiffness matrix and mass and its element topology variable. Secondly, a procedure is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated in the first optimization adjustment phase, by starting with a small design space and advancing to a larger deign space. The design space adjustments are automatic when the design domain needs expansions, in which the convergence of the proposed method will not be affected. The final topology obtained by the proposed procedure in the first optimization phase, can approach to the vicinity of the optimum topology. Then, a heuristic algorithm is given to improve the efficiency and make the designed structural topology black/white in both the phase transferring step and the second optimization adjustment phase. And the optimum topology can finally be obtained by the second phase optimization adjustments. Two examples are presented to show that the topologies obtained by the proposed method are of very good 0/1 design distribution property, and the computational efficiency is enhanced by reducing the element number of the design structural finite model during two optimization adjustment phases. And the examples also show that this method is robust and practicable.     

连续纤维增强复合材料结构基频最大化设计

与传统的金属材料相比, 纤维增强复合材料在强度、刚度、抗断裂等诸多方面具备更优良的性能, 目前纤维增强复合材料已在汽车、航空航天等工业领域得到了广泛应用. 本文提出一种求解连续纤维增强复合材料结构无阻尼自由振动下的基频最大化问题的拓扑优化方法. 为了实现结构拓扑构型与纤维角度的同步优化, 建立了以准许的材料用量体积分数为约束、以结构的一阶特征值为目标函数的动力学拓扑优化模型, 该模型包括表征结构拓扑构型的密度设计变量和表征纤维方向的角度设计变量. 详细推导了特征值目标函数关于密度设计变量和角度设计变量的解析灵敏度列式, 并采用移动渐进线方法 (method of moving asymptotes, MMA) 进行了优化求解; 最后通过3个数值算例验证本文方法的有效性, 其中包括一个以刚度最大化为目标的静力学优化算例, 和两个以一阶特征值为目标的动力学优化算例. 结果表明, 所提方法优化迭代过程稳健, 收敛快, 能够在实现结构拓扑构型与纤维角度的一体化优化的同时, 有效提高结构的频率.      

基于空间连续尺寸场的动态均匀化方法

摘 要：提出了基于空间连续尺寸场的动态均匀化方法。方法以均匀化理论为基础,将各向同性蜂窝状微孔结构作为材料描述方式,合理的物理描述自然克服了动态优化中的局部模态现象。不同于将微孔结构尺寸变量依附于单元或节点,采用物质点对应的微孔尺寸为设计变量,基于修正过滤公式的形函数,构造了具有空间连续性的尺寸场,从而克服了棋盘格等数值不稳定性问题。基于复合函数求导法则,推导了总刚度阵、总质量阵等敏度表达式。以动态结构响应量最小化或最大化为目标,体积比为约束,建立了动态结构拓扑优化模型,通过二维结构数值算例对理论方法进行验证。结果表明,方法在连续体结构动态拓扑优化设计中具有可行性和有效。     

基于深度学习的跨分辨率结构拓扑优化设计方法

在传统拓扑优化设计中,随着结构单元增加,迭代计算过程消耗了大量的时间.本文提出了一种基于深度学习的方法来加速拓扑优化设计过程,缩短了结构拓扑优化设计的迭代过程,并生成了高分辨率拓扑优化结构.利用深度学习方法,在低分辨率中间构型与高分辨率拓扑构型之间创建高维映射关系,利用独立、连续和映射(ICM)方法建立深度学习网络所需要的数据集,训练神经网络以实现加速过程,将结构拓扑优化设计问题转化为图像处理中的风格迁移问题.通过引入条件生成对抗式神经网络CGAN (Conditional Generative and Adversar-ial Network)解决了跨分辨率拓扑优化问题,实验验证了优化过程效率的提高,该方法具有良好的泛化性能,研究模型在其他结构优化设计中具有可推广性.     

桁架拓扑优化的多点逼近遗传算法

提出一种基于多点逼近函数和遗传算法的桁架拓扑优化方法。该方法建立了包含连续尺寸和离散拓扑两类变量的优化模型，并通过构造多点逼近函数建立了结构优化问题的第一级序列显式近似，然后采用分层优化方法：在外层对拓扑变量采用遗传算法进行优化；在内层对尺寸变量通过可由对偶法求解的第二级序列近似问题进行优化。几个经典的桁架拓扑优化算例表明该方法能以较少的结构分析次数获得比较理想的概率意义上的最优解。     

Topology optimization design of continuum structures under stress and displacement constraints

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