Delamination of compressed thin layers at corners

An analysis of delamination for a thin elastic layer under compression, attached to a substrate at a corner is carried out. The analysis is performed by combining results from interface fracture mechanics and the theory of thin shells. In contrast with earlier results for delamination on a flat substrate, the present problem is not a bifurcation problem. Crack closure at sufficiently high stress levels are shown to occur. Results show a very strong dependency on fracture mechanical parameters of the angle of the corner including the range of parameters where crack closure occurs. Analytical results for the fracture mechanical properties have been obtained, and these are applied in a study of the effect of contacting crack faces. Special attention has been given to analyse conditions under which steady state propagation of buckling driven delamination takes place.     

Buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging

Stitching has been used as through-thickness reinforcement to reduce the effects of delamination. In stitching, the delamination will be held by stitches in the form of crack/interface bridging. In the present work, the reinforcement of stitching threads is assumed to provide continuous linear restoring tractions opposing the delamination opening. A generalized mathematical model is developed to study the buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging by using Rayleigh–Ritz energy method. The delaminated beam is analyzed as four interconnected beams using the delamination as their boundary. Lagrange multipliers are used to enforce the boundary and continuity conditions between the junctions of the interconnected beams. The developed mathematical model is solved as an eigenvalue problem in which the lowest eigenvalue gives the buckling load. Effective-bridging modulus, a new nondimensionalized parameter, is introduced to study the influence of bridging on the delamination buckling. It is shown that bridging strongly influences the buckling load of the delaminated beams and a monotonic relation is observed between the buckling load and the effective-bridging modulus. Parametric studies in terms of delamination sizes and locations along spanwise and thicknesswise positions on the buckling load have been carried out. The bridging is found to be effective for shallow delaminations of moderate length, and for deep and long delaminations. Spanwise positions of delamination strongly influence the buckling loads. In addition, an analytical model for obtaining upper bounds of the buckling load is developed by using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Effective-slenderness ratio, a new nondimensionalized parameter is defined and it is found to be controlling the buckling mode configurations, i.e., local, global and mixed modes.     

层合圆柱壳体表层局部分层屈曲及其扩展

应用能量法研究了对称铺层的闭合圆柱形层合壳体的表层局部分层屈曲问题；表层分层形式有三角形，椭圆和双纽线；分析了母层壳，子层壳的几何参数，物理参数同分层屈曲临界应变值之间的关系；给出了子层分层为椭圆的分层扩展的可能发生方向。     

The delamination of a growing elastic sheet with adhesion

We study the onset of delamination blisters in a growing elastic sheet adhered to a flat stiff substrate. When the ends of the sheet are kept fixed, its growth causes residual stresses that lead to delamination. This instability can be viewed as a discontinuous buckling between the complete adhered solution and the buckled solution. We provide an analytic expression for the critical deformation at which the instability occurs. We show that the critical threshold scales with a single dimensionless parameter that comprises information from the geometry of the sheet, the mechanical parameters of material and the adhesive features of the substrate.     

凹边坡参数对边坡稳定性的影响

抽象出凹边坡的几何模型,采用量纲分析的方法,给出凹边坡几何参数和物理力学参数对边坡稳定系数的影响通式．在FLAC定义的边坡稳定系数意义下,经过数万次计算,采用二次回归的方法,确定了通式中的影响指数,形成经验公式．结果表明,受Mohr-Coulomb和拉应力两个强度准则控制的材料,形成的凹边坡的稳定性受无量纲粘聚力、边坡角、内摩擦角的控制．凹形边坡有利于边坡的稳定,边坡稳定性与岩土的抗拉强度关系不大．这一稳定系数公式对于形状规则均匀性好且符合Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则的凹边坡可以给出精度高的估计．对于其它边坡的稳定性评价还需要做有针对性的工作．     

A 2D finite element based on a nonlocal constitutive model describing localization and propagation of phase transformation in shape memory alloy thin structures

Here, the effects of localization and propagation of martensitic phase transformation on the response of SMA thin structures subjected to thermo-mechanical loadings are investigated using nonlocal constitutive model in conjunction with finite element method. The governing equations are derived based on variational principle considering thermo-mechanical equilibrium and the spatial distribution of the nonlocal volume fraction of martensite during transformation. The nonlocal volume fraction of martensite is defined as a weighted average of the local volume fraction of martensite over a domain characterized by an internal length parameter. The local version of the thermo-mechanical behavior model derived from micromechanics considers the local volume fraction of martensite and the mean transformation strain. A 4-noded quadrilateral plane stress element with three degrees of freedom per node accounting for in-plane displacements and the nonlocal volume fraction of martensite is developed. Numerical simulations are conducted to bring out the influence of material and geometrical heterogeneities (perturbations/defects) on the localization and propagation of phase transformation in SMA thin structures. Also, a sensitivity analysis of the material response due to the localization and the other related model parameters is carried out. The detailed investigation done here clearly shows that the localization of phase transformation has significant effect on the response of shape memory alloys.     

Progressive Frictional Delamination of an Infinite Elastic Film on a Rigid Substrate Due to In-Plane Point Loading

The paper presents a solution to a delamination problem of an infinite elastic film resting on a rigid substrate and loaded by a monotonically increasing in-plane point force. A?rigid-slip contact is assumed between the film and the substrate, leading to the development of two regions at the interface: a damaged zone with a relative slip between the materials, and a region where the interface remains intact. Both film natural and essential boundary conditions are zero on the boundary between these two interfacial zones with the shape of the boundary being a part of the solution. Problem??s self-similarity enables us to obtain an approximate distribution of interfacial traction within the delaminated zone and a shape of the zone itself. For film??s Poisson??s ratio ??=?1 the approximate solution becomes exact. It is argued that this can be treated as a special case of a rigid film sliding on a rigid substrate. The presented approach can be used to obtain approximate closed-form solutions to similar delamination problems.     

Calculation of energy release rate in composite delaminated cylindrical shells under circumferential concentrated dynamic load

The delamination growth may occur in delaminated cylindrical shells subjected to external dynamic load and it will further cause structural failure. Based on the variational principle of moving boundary and considering the contact effect between delamination regions, in this paper, the nonlinear governing equations for the delaminated cylindrical shells under the action of circumferential concentrated dynamic load are derived, and the corresponding boundary and matching conditions are given. At the same time, according to the Griffith criterion, the formulas of energy release rate along the delamination front are obtained and the delamination growth is studied. In the numerical calculation, the delamination growth of axisymmetrical laminated cylindrical shells is analyzed, and the effects of the delamination sizes and depths, the geometrical parameters, the material properties and the laminate stacking sequences on delamination growth are discussed.     

Delamination growth for composite laminated cylindrical shells under external pressure

The delamination growth may occur in delaminated cylindrical shells under external pressure.This will lead to failure of structure.By using the variational principle of moving boundary and considering the contact effect between delamination regions,in this work,the delamination growth was investigated for cylindrical shells under the action of external pressure.At the same time,according to the Griffith criterion,the formulas of energy release rate along the delamination front were obtained.In the numerical calculation,the delamination growth of axisymmetrical laminated cylindrical shells was analyzed,and the effects of delamination sizes and depths,the geometrical parameters, the material properties,and the laminate stacking sequences on delamination growth were discussed.     

ANALYSIS OF ELASTO-PLASTIC POSTBUCKLING AND ENERGY RELEASE RATE FOR DELAMINATED FIBER METAL LAMINATED BEAMS IN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

The elasto-plastic postbuckling of fiber metal laminated beams with delamination and the energy release rate along the delamination front are discussed in this paper. Considering geometrical nonlinearity, thermal environment and geometrical initial imperfection, the incremental nonlinear equilibrium equations of delaminated fiber metal laminated beams are established,which are solved using the differential quadrature method and iterative method. Based on these,according to the J-integral theory, the elasto-plastic energy release rate is studied. The effects of some important parameters on the elasto-plastic postbuckling behavior and energy release rate of the aramid reinforced aluminum laminated beams are discussed in details.     

复合材料层合梁在横向线载荷下的脱层扩展

基于可动边界变分原理对层合梁脱层扩展进行了分析;考虑了脱层间的接触效应,建立了层合梁在横向线载荷作用下的非线性控制微分方程及相应的定解条件;应用Griffith准则导出了脱层前缘各点处的能量释放率表达式;通过算例讨论了脱层长度、脱层深度、几何尺寸、材料性质等因素对脱层扩展的影响.研究表明:脱层越长、越深、横向载荷越大,脱层越容易扩展;梁的长高比L/h及材料的E_(11)/E_(22)越大,脱层越不易发生扩展.     

粗糙度动力学特性的初步研究

建立了一个描写粗糙壁面附近流场的理论模型，并进行了相应的数值分析，发现粗糙度具有随机边界层外部风速的增大而减小的动力学特性，这与最新的实验结果相符合，说明粗糙度不但是一个与壁面形态有关的几何参数，而且是一个与粗糙壁面附近流场流场情况有关的动力学参数，从理论上打破了粗糙度仅依赖于粗糙壁面几何形态的传统看法。     

Dynamic stability of nearly cylindrical orthotropic shells of revolution subjected to meridional forces

We study the natural vibrations and the dynamic stability of nearly cylindrical orthotropic shells of revolution subjected to meridional forces uniformly distributed over the shell ends. We consider shells of medium length for which the shape of the midsurface generatrix is described by a parabolic function. Using the theory of shallow shells, we obtain the resolving equation for the vibrations of the corresponding prestressed shell. In the isotropic case, this equation differs from the well-known equation [1] by an additional term, which can be of the same order as the other terms taken into account. We consider shells of both positive and negative Gaussian curvature. We assumed that the shell ends are freely supported. The formulas and universal curves describing the dependence of the minimum frequency, the wave generation shape, and the dynamic instability domain boundaries on the orthotropy parameters, the preliminary stress, the Gaussian curvature, and the amplitude of the shell deviation from the cylinder are given in dimensionless form. We find that in the case of prestresses the orthotropy parameters and the shell deviation from the cylinder (of the order of thickness) can significantly change the least frequencies, the wave generation shape, and the dynamic instability domain boundaries of the corresponding prestressed orthotropic cylindrical shell.In this case, we note that for convex shells under preliminary compression the influence of the elastic parameter in the axial direction is stronger than the influence of the elastic parameter in the circular direction, while the situation is opposite in the case of concave shells. In the case of preliminary extension, the leading role of any orthotropy parameter can vary depending on the value of the preliminary stress and the Gaussian curvature.     

Buckling delamination of a rectangular plate containing a rectangular crack and made from elastic and viscoelastic composite materials

This paper studies a three-dimensional buckling delamination problem for a rectangular plate made from elastic and viscoelastic composite material. It is assumed that the plate contains a rectangular band-crack (Case 1) and a rectangular edge-crack (Case 2) and that the edge-surfaces of these cracks have an initial infinitesimal imperfection. The evolution of this initial imperfection with an external compressive loading, acting along the crack (for an elastic composite) or with duration of time (for a viscoelastic composite under fixed external loading) is investigated within the framework of three-dimensional geometrically non-linear field equations of the theory of the viscoelasticity for anisotropic bodies. To determine the values of the critical force or critical time as well as the buckling delamination mode, the initial imperfection criterion is used. The corresponding boundary-value problems are solved by employing boundary form perturbation techniques, Laplace transform and FEM (Finite Element Method). The influence of the materials and/or the geometrical parameters of the plate on the critical values are discussed. In particular, it is established that for the considered change range of the problem parameters, the buckling form depends only on the initial infinitesimal imperfection mode of the crack edges.     

The Mexican hat effect on the delamination buckling of a compressed thin film

Because of the interaction between film and substrate,the film buckling stress can vary significantly,depending on the delamination geometry,the film and substrate mechanical properties.The Mexican hat effect indicates such interaction.An analytical method is presented,and related dimensional analysis shows that a single dimensionless parameter can effectively evaluate the effect.     

Dispersion Equations for Harmonic Waves Propagating along a Cylindrical Shell Reinforced with A Rib Mesh (Single-Mode Approximation)

The dispersion equations for harmonic waves propagating along a cylindrical shell reinforced with a rib mesh are derived in single-mode approximation. The influence of the geometrical parameters of ring frames on the cutoff frequencies is studied by numerical examples. It is shown that with increase in the stiffness and number of frames, the number of dispersion curves decreases and their shape changes     

Two-dimensional analyses of delamination buckling of symmetrically cross-ply rectangular laminates

The conventional approach to analysis the buckling of rectangular laminates containing an embedded delamination subjected to the in-plane loading is to simplify the laminate as a beam-plate from which the predicted buckling load decreases as the length of the laminate increases. Two-dimensional analyses are employed in this paper by extending the one-dimensional model to take into consideration of the influence of the delamination width on the buckling performance of the laminates. The laminate is simply supported containing a through width delamination. A new parameter β defined as the ratio of delamination length to delamination width is introduced with an emphasis on the influence of the delamination size. It is found that (i) when the ratio β is greater than one snap-through buckling prevails, the buckling load is determined by the delamination size and depth only; (ii) as the ratio β continues to increase, the buckling load will approach to a constant value. Solutions are verified with the well established results and are found in good agreement with the latter.     

PMI复合材料泡沫夹层结构小能量冲击后回弹规律研究

本文对两种不同厚度(4层、8层)的PMI复合材料泡沫夹芯结构进行8J的低速冲击实验。采用三维光学扫描仪(HDI 3D)对冲击后发生的凹坑回弹现象进行90h的监测,并结合Geomagic Qualify三维检测软件对扫描结果进行分析,获得了直观的冲击后位移云图。对不同时刻的凹坑深度进行分析,以回弹速率为标志,对回弹过程进行划分并总结了凹坑深度随时间的变化规律;截取了回弹过程中部分时刻凹坑贯穿截面轮廓,通过参考点对轮廓形貌进行拟合,建立了与所在横截面凹坑最大值相关联的轮廓形貌描述方法。结合破坏性检测的方法,对冲击区域面板及夹芯泡沫的损伤情况进行显微观测,结果表明,夹层板的分层损伤对回弹现象影响较大,但凹坑截面轮廓的形态并不会发生显著改变。     

磁场和Hall电流对狭窄动脉中血液流动的影响

A micropolar model for blood simulating magnetohydrodynamic flow through a horizontally nonsymmetric but vertically symmetric artery with a mild stenosis is presented. To estimate the effect of the stenosis shape, a suitable geometry has been considered such that the horizontal shape of the stenosis can easily be changed just by varying a parameter referred to as the shape parameter. Flow parameters, such as velocity, the resistance to flow （the resistance impedance）, the wall shear stress distribution in the stenotic region, and its magnitude at the maximum height of the stenosis （stenosis throat）, have been computed for different shape parameters, the Hartmann number and the Hall parameter. This shows that the resistance to flow decreases with the increasing values of the parameter determining the stenosis shape and the Hail parameter, while it increases with the increasing Hartmann number. The wall shear stress and the shearing stress on the wall at the maximum height of the stenosis possess an inverse characteristic to the resistance to flow with respect to any given value of the Hartmann number and the Hall parameter. Finally, the effect of the Hartmann number and the Hall parameter on the horizontal velocity is examined.     

Analysis of energy release rate for composite delaminated cylindrical shells subjected to axial compression

In this paper, the postbuckling governing equations and the analytical expression of the energy release rates associated with delamination growth in a compression-loaded cylindrical shell are derived by using the variational principle of moving boundary and the Griffith fracture criterion. The finite difference method is used to generate the postbuckling solutions of the delaminated cylindrical shells, and with these solutions, the values of the energy release rates are determined. In simulational examples, the effects of a wide range of parameters, such as delamination sizes and depths, boundary conditions, geometrical parameters, material properties and laminate stacking sequences on the energy release rates of axisymmetrical laminated cylindrical shells are intensively discussed.The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.