弹丸垂直侵彻钢筋混凝土介质的工程解析模型

在球形空腔膨胀模型的基础上,计入了弹丸直接与钢筋发生碰撞的侵彻阻力,建立了弹丸垂直侵彻钢筋混凝土介质的工程分析模型。与单一空腔膨胀模型和试验数据进行对比,表明了模型的有效性和实用性。并利用此模型分析了配筋直径及网眼尺寸对弹丸侵彻深度的影响。     

刚性弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土的实验和简化分析模型

通过Φ57mm半穿甲弹对钢筋混凝土的垂直侵彻实验,得到了弹丸的撞靶速度、成坑深度、最大侵彻深度以及过载时程曲线等实验数据.对实验后钢筋的断裂特征进行分析,得到钢筋的典型破坏模式.将钢筋的破坏简化为弯曲+剪切断裂和弯曲+拉伸断裂这两种模式.根据混凝土侵彻模型和梁断裂失效理论,建立了刚性弹丸垂直侵彻钢筋混凝土的简化分析模型.将理论计算得到的侵彻深度、速度与过载时间历程分别与实验数据进行对比,结果表明两者吻合较好.研究表明,钢筋只对弹体侵彻过程产生局部影响,混凝土的抗侵彻阻力仍是钢筋混凝土抗侵彻阻力的主要组成部分.     

平头弹丸正撞下钢筋混凝土靶板厚度方向的开裂

主要针对钢筋混凝土靶板在受到平头弹丸撞击下发生的厚度方向开裂的问题进行研究,并提出了一个弹丸低速撞击有限厚度板的二阶段模型。模型中第一阶段为侵彻阶段,弹丸受到混凝土介质的侵彻阻力由静阻力和速度效应引起的动阻力组成;模型中第二阶段为开裂阶段,钢筋混凝土靶板发生动态剪切破坏的最大承载力可以通过静态剪切破坏最大承载力乘以一个动态增强因子得到。该模型可以用来预测钢筋混凝土靶板发生厚度方向开裂破坏的临界能量。模型预测与实验结果吻合较好。     

混凝土靶板冲击响应的经验公式

对预测混凝土靶板在弹丸撞击下的响应和破坏的经验公式进行了综述,包括预测侵彻深度、痂斑破坏和穿透的经验方程,并对国外现有的有关钢筋混凝土靶板抗弹设计和评估的规范进行了评论。结果表明,现有经验模型的不完备性和现有设计和评估准则的自身缺陷,清楚地说明有必要在混凝土撞击、侵彻和穿透这一活跃研究领域,做进一步的实验、理论和数值模拟工作,以便对余留问题找到令人满意的答案。     

考虑弹丸侵蚀的垂直侵彻混凝土模型及算法研究

现有试验表明:当弹丸侵彻速度低于1000m/s时,因侵彻过程中与混凝土会发生摩擦碰撞,其中损失的质量的总量与弹丸初始侵彻的动能成线性关系。本文利用此侵蚀规律提出了一种考虑弹丸侵蚀的垂直侵彻混凝土靶侵彻模型及算法,此模型中弹丸侵彻阻力由空腔膨胀理论模型计算。采用本文的模型预测了弹丸侵彻混凝土过程中的弹丸头部形状的变化、质量损失、侵彻深度等,将模型计算结果与实验数据对比发现,侵彻深度误差小于10%,质量损失误差在15%以内,表明了模型具有良好的精度和实用性。     

弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土的工程解析模型

既考虑了弹丸侵彻过程中受到的动阻力与静阻力,又考虑了弹丸与钢筋发生碰撞时钢筋对弹丸的直接阻力,提出了弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土的工程解析模型。不同初速下弹丸的侵彻深度、侵彻过程中弹丸的位移、速度和负加速度时间历程的计算结果与测试数据符合很好,弹丸过载在12 000g~15 000g之间。该解析模型能够较真实的描述弹丸侵彻钢筋混凝土过程中的运动状态,并且该模型能够分析配筋结构、配筋尺寸、网眼尺寸对侵彻深度和侵彻过程的影响。     

细观混凝土靶抗侵彻数值模拟及侵彻深度模型

为研究细观混凝土靶的侵彻规律,采用LS-DYNA软件对刚性弹丸侵彻两相混凝土靶进行了数值模拟。结果表明,影响靶板抗侵彻能力的主要因素是砂浆种类、粗骨料种类和粗骨料体积分数;混凝土靶中的砂浆与对应的砂浆靶中的砂浆产生的阻力接近;混凝土靶中的粗骨料产生的阻力远低于对应的岩石靶中的岩石。通过扩展Forrestal阻力方程,建立了细观混凝土侵彻深度模型,模型和数值模拟一致性很好。     

钨珠对铝、钢靶侵彻的数值研究与分析

本文应用MEPH程序数值模拟了击靶速度小于3km/s的4mm的钨珠对铝靶、钢靶的侵彻,并对计算所得的结果进行了理论分析,与有关实验比较。对弹丸的形状、靶材厚度对穿深的影响也给出了一部分结果。     

基于Griffith强度理论的空腔膨胀模型与应用研究

根据混凝土材料受高速冲击时产生大量碎裂的特点,假设其粉碎(塑性)区介质服从Griffith 强度理论,发展了弹丸深侵彻混凝土靶的动态空腔膨胀模型,建立了弹丸深侵彻理论计算公 式. 对比表明：基于Griffith强度理论的球形动态空腔膨胀模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合 较好.     

高速弹丸撞靶的侵彻参数的统计分析

弹丸与靶高速碰撞下的侵彻参数是一个随机量,本文对侵彻参数(坑深度p、坑表面孔径d)进行统计分析,给出变量p、d的变差系数,这样,当变差系数C(?)已知时,可对极小样本量m=2、3、4的情况进行统计分析。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).