基于蚁群算法的桁架结构布局离散变量优化方法

提出的布局优化方法是将桁架结构的截面变量、拓扑变量及形状变量统一为离散变量.将离散变量转化为适应于蚁群算法求解TSP问题的离散变量,应用MATLAB语言编写求解桁架结构布局优化程序,最终实现对问题的分析与求解.通过对几个经典的平面、空间桁架结构布局优化算例的验算表明:本文设计的基于蚁群算法的桁架结构布局离散变量优化方法较单独处理截面优化、拓扑优化及形状优化问题具有更大的效益,相对于其他布局优化方法也展现出更好的优化效果.“基于蚁群算法的桁架结构布局离散变量优化方法”在程序设计、求解速度、求解空间及其方法通用性等方面都表现出良好的性能,并且简单、实用,适应于实际工程应用.     

基于类桁架连续体的结构拓扑优化方法与应用

以各向异性连续体为基结构,采用类桁架连续体材料模型进行结构拓扑优化。以材料在结点位置的密度和方向作为优化设计变量,使材料在设计域内连续分布。并以此建立材料的弹性矩阵和刚度矩阵。优化过程没有抑制中间密度,这从根本上避免了许多拓扑优化方法普遍存在的单元铰接、棋盘格现象以及单元依赖性等数值不稳定问题。采用满应力准则法,借助有限元结构分析,经过少量迭代,建立优化的材料连续分布场,即类桁架连续体结构。由于首先建立的拓扑优化结构是各向异性连续体,从而得到更大优化空间。然后可以结合工程实际需要将其转化为离散的拓扑优化杆系结构。最后,以1个经典Michell桁架和3种形式的拱桥为数值算例,演示了其结构拓扑优化过程。     

基于NURBS插值的三维渐进结构优化方法

提出一种基于等几何控制点密度变量的三维双向渐进结构拓扑优化方法。在当前列式下,高阶NURBS基函数被同时用于CAD模型中NURBS实体片的几何场、位移场和温度场以及密度场插值,实现了几何模型、分析模型和优化模型的有效统一,确保了位移场、温度场及密度场的高阶连续性;详细推导了基于等几何控制点密度变量的三维渐进结构法模型及其灵敏度分析列式;最后几个典型的数值算例,包括最小柔顺性、热传导优化问题及三维结构自由振动的基频最大化问题,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

Discrete and non-local elastica

In this paper, the buckling and post-buckling behavior of an elastic lattice system referred to as the discrete elastica problem is investigated using an equivalent non-local continuum approach. The geometrically exact post-buckling analysis of the elastic chain, also called Hencky system, is first numerically solved using the shooting method. This discrete physical model is also mathematically equivalent to a finite difference formulation of the continuum elastica. Starting from the exact difference equations of the discrete problem, a continualization method is applied for approximating the difference operators by differential ones, in order to better characterize the discrete system by an enriched continuous one. It is shown that the new continuum associated with the discrete system exactly fits the discrete elastica post-buckling problem, where the non-locality is of Eringen׳s type (also called stress gradient non-local model). An asymptotic expansion is performed for both the discrete and the non-local continuum models, in order to approximate the post-buckling branches of the discrete system. Some numerical investigations show the efficiency of the non-local approach, especially for capturing the scale effects inherent to the cell size of the lattice model.     

连续体结构破损-安全拓扑优化预估失效区域的理性准则

本文指出,连续体结构拓扑优化研究方向,从2016年Zhou的研究开始,进入了一个新阶段：离散结构的设计继续从连续体拓扑优化的结果获益,同时连续体拓扑优化的理论可以从离散结构的拓扑优化中受益。借此新阶段,本文针对连续体结构破损-安全的拓扑优化问题,通过几何分析途径,建立了预估破损区域的理性准则,即给出了结构局部破损模式尺寸上、下限及相邻局部破损区域的间距上、下限。以此理性准则,分析了Janson及Zhou给出的破损区域预估分布策略的各自优缺点,并通过算例对于相关策略进行了验证。结果表明：Janson的策略过于保守而导致不必要的极大计算量;Zhou的无缝平铺的策略不能保证所有拓扑生成离散元件通过破损测试,但在多数情况下仍可以得到具有足够冗余的最优拓扑;本文提出的以满足理性准则的方式布置破损区域,可以保证所有拓扑生成离散元件通过破损测试,并保证得到更多冗余的最优拓扑。本文的研究表明,预估破损区域的理性准则条件,为连续体结构破损-安全拓扑优化问题,提供了表述局部破损区域的理论进展。     

带有预应力的连续体组合结构拓扑优化

考虑梁结构的预应力，导出了结构的应力及其灵敏度公式。同时，结合结构单元应力水平和相对差商，对于带有尺寸和拓扑变量的连续体组合结构优化问题，建立了一套优化准则，在双方向渐进结构优化方法思想的基础上，形成了一种新的拓扑优化算法。最后，算例表明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

Parameter identification for a damage phase field model using a physics-informed neural network

This work applies concepts of artificial neural networks to identify the parameters of a mathematical model based on phase fields for damage and fracture. Damage mechanics is the part of the continuum mechanics that models the effects of micro-defect formation using state variables at the macroscopic level. The equations that define the model are derived from fundamental laws of physics and provide important relationships among state variables. Simulations using the model considered in this work produce good qualitative and quantitative results, but many parameters must be adjusted to reproduce certain material behavior. The identification of model parameters is considered by solving an inverse problem that uses pseudo-experimental data to find the best values that fit the data. We apply physics informed neural network and combine some classical estimation methods to identify the material parameters that appear in the damage equation of the model. Our strategy consists of a neural network that acts as an approximating function of the damage evolution with output regularized using the residue of the differential equation. Three stages of optimization seek the best possible values for the neural network and the material parameters. The training alternates between the fitting of only the pseudo-experimental data or the total loss that includes the regularizing terms. We test the robustness of the method to noisy data and its generalization capabilities using a simple physical case for the damage model. This procedure deals better with noisy data in comparison with a more standard PDE-constrained optimization method, and it also provides good approximations of the material parameters and the evolution of damage.     

具有动应力和动位移约束的离散变量结构形状优化设计方法

讨论了动应力、动位移约束下离散变量状优化设计问题。首先用拟静力算法,将结构惯性力极值作为静载荷施加到结构上,求得结构的动位移和动内力,然后将考虑动应力约束和动作移约束的离散变量结构优化设计问题化为静应力和静位移约束的优化问题。在求解过程中,将单元内力作了一阶近似,并将多约束问题转化为单约束问题,然后利用两类变量统一考虑的离散变量结构形状优化设计的综合算法进行求解。     

含液颗粒材料液固耦合分析的离散颗粒模型及特征线SPH法

对含液颗粒材料流固耦合分析建议了一个基于离散颗粒模型与特征线SPH法的显式拉格朗日-欧拉无网格方案。在已有的用以模拟固体颗粒集合体的离散颗粒模型[1]基础上,将颗粒间间隙内的流体模型化为连续介质,对其提出并推导了基于特征线的SPH法。数值例题显示了所建议方案在模拟颗粒材料与间隙流相互作用的能力和性能以及间隙流体对颗粒结构承载能力及变形的影响。     

多工况应力和位移约束下连续体结构拓扑优化

将文「１」所提出的对拓扑变量的独立连续映射（ＩＧＭ）的拓扑估化方法应用于连续体结构,从而建立了统一的以重量为目标,考虑应力和位移约束的连续体结构拓扑优化模型。通过对位移－应力拓扑解和各工况下应力拓扑解的综合协调,进而对于协调拓扑解按照阈值完成从离散到连续的反演,并且采用分层与加权策略克服了“荷载病态”困难。给出的经典的二维平面问题和三维连续体结构拓扑优化算例表明,这种统一的模型由骨架结构发展到连续     

Topology optimization design of continuum structures under stress and displacement constraints

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｐｏｌｏｇｙｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｕｍｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｄｉｄｎｏｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｒａｐｉｄｌｙｕｎｔｉｌｒｅｃｅｎｔｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓｉｎｖｏ...     

Optimization of the collocation inversion method for the linear viscoelastic homogenization

The effective behaviour of linear viscoelastic heterogeneous material can be derived from the correspondence principle and the inversion of the obtained symbolic homogenized behavior. Various numerical methods were proposed to carry out this inversion. The collocation method, widely used, within this framework rests on a discretization of the characteristic spectrum in a sum of discrete lines for which it is necessary to determine the intensities and the positions by the minimization of the difference between the exact temporal function and its approximation. The classical method is based on a priori choice of the lines positions and on the optimization of their intensities. It is shown here that the combined optimization of the positions and the (positive) intensities lead to a minimization problem under constraints. In the simple case of an incompressible isotropic two-phase material, the assessment of the effective relaxation function with a continuum spectra or made up of discrete lines proves that the proposed method improves the predictions of the classical approach.     

两类变量综合处理的结构形状优化设计方法

本文针对截面变量为离散变量为连续变量的结构优化问题提出了一种优化设计的方法,首先将单元内力作一阶近似,利用凝聚函数多约束问题转化了单约束问题。在解过程中,把定义在连续区间上的形状变量看成是在一些离散以值的离工用变量,然后将两类变量统一考虑并利用相对差商法求解。将该算法应用于几个经典的结构优化算例,运算结果显示了该方法是可行的,优化结果也比较满意。     

厚壳三维分析的半解析解

本文对座标系三维弹性力学问题采用周向与径向解析,轴向离散的半解析数值方法。通过引入部分解析函数,将三维问题归结为一维离散化方程。这种方法能适应于一大类复杂的弹性力学问题,方法简单,计算工作量少。本文用这方法来分析厚壳的三维变形与应力规律,研究大厚跨比的强厚壳的三维弹性理论解,为建立可靠的强厚壳理论提供依据。     

Non-linear micropolar and classical continua for anisotropic discontinuous materials

Non-linear Cosserat and Cauchy anisotropic continua equivalent to masonry-like materials, like brick/block masonry, jointed rocks, granular materials or matrix/particle composites, are presented.An integral procedure of equivalence in terms of mechanical power has been adopted to identify the effective elastic moduli of the two continuous models starting from a Lagrangian system of interacting rigid elements. Non-linear constitutive functions for the interactions in the Lagrangian system are defined in order to take into account both the low capability to carry tension and the friction at the interfaces between elements. The non-linear problem is solved through a finite element procedure based on the iterative adjustment of the continuum constitutive tensor due to the occurrence of some limit situation involving the contact actions of the discrete model.Differences between the classical and the micropolar model are investigated with the aid of numerical analyses carried out on masonry walls made of blocks of different size. The capability of the micropolar continuum to discern, unlike the classical continuum, the behaviour of systems made of elements of different size is pointed out. It is also shown that for anisotropic materials, even in the elastic case, the micropolar solution in general does not tend to the classical solution when the size of the elements vanishes.     

A Bridging Scale Method for Multi-scale Analysis of Granular Materials

本文提出了耦合细尺度上基于离散颗粒集合体模型的离散单元法（DEM）和粗尺度上基于Cosserat连续体模型的有限元法（FEM）的连接尺度方法（BSM）以研究颗粒材料的力学行为。采用Cosserat连续体模型和FEM模拟的粗尺度域覆盖全域,而采用离散颗粒集合体模型的DEM模拟的细尺度域仅限于需特别关注材料微结构演变和非连续变形行为的局部区域。对这两个区域间的界面提出了适当的界面条件及其实施方案。通过采用适当的连接尺度投影算子,空间离散的粗、细尺度耦合系统多尺度运动方程具有解耦和允许分别求解、因而也允许分别采用不同时间步长对粗、细尺度计算的特点,可极大地提高BSM的计算效率。文中二维地基数值算例结果说明了所陈述方法的可应用性,以及相对基于Cosserat连续体模型的FEM和基于离散颗粒集合体模型的DEM的优越性。