可压缩均匀剪切湍流的二阶矩模拟

基于对可压缩湍流中脉动压力场和脉动速度场特征的理论分析以及ＤＮＳ结果,建立了可均匀剪切湍流中压力－变形率关联的压缩性修正模式,应用这个模式,加上Ｓａｒｋａｒ等建立的脉动体胀率项（ｄｉｌａｔａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｔｅｒｍｓ）的模式,预测可压缩均匀剪切湍流随时间的发展,所得雷诺应力各是性张量的平衡值与Ｂｌａｉｓｄｅｌｌ等的ＤＮＳ数据非常一致。这个模式准确地预测出均匀剪切湍流中压缩性导致的雷诺应力结构的“流向     

湍流边界层复涡黏模式的实验研究

在开口式循环水槽底部湍流边界层外区引入周期性扰动。利用X型热膜探针在扰动下游进行测量。用实验的方法研究了周期性大尺度结构下壁湍流涡黏模式中涡黏系数的形式，结果发现和周期性扰动对应的变形率及与之对应的雷诺应力间存在着相位差。这是目前许多最终导致涡黏系数的湍流模式理论都没有考虑到的一个重要因素。     

激励小尺度模式在湍流圆管射流中的应用

采用非涡黏性的激励小尺度（Stimulated Small Scale)模式对空间发展的轴对称湍流圆管射流进行了大涡模拟。以雷诺数为10000的流动为例,考证了激励小尺度模式在自由剪切流模拟中的可行性,描述了湍流强度、雷诺应力和湍流耗散量的变化,同时与标准的Smagorinsky涡黏性模式的计算结果进行了比较。数值结果显示,激励小尺度模式能够更为合理地描述湍流的耗散特性和能量传输特性,从而较为准确地展示出空间发展射流中由于流动不稳定而出现的旋涡产生、发展、破碎及合并等过程。     

植被层湍流的大涡模拟

研究植被层湍流的大涡模拟,发展了一个TSF（transientstructurefunction）亚格于模式,尽可能真实地处理植被湍流这种既有强剪切,又有热对流的流动．我们建立了植被湍流数据库,并进行了较为详细的分析研究．湍流统计量如平均风速剖面、雷诺应力、湍流脉动能等等,与有关观测结果作了对比,符合较好．大涡模拟计算同样发现已由现场观测到的、在强对流情况时出现的温度场斜坡型有组织结构．     

应用于激波/边界层相互作用的非线性湍流模式

选择8个近年来有代表性的非线性湍流模式，研究2个跨声速激波／边界层相互作用问题．采用的非线性湍流模式包括4个二阶模式和4个三阶模式．2个跨声速激波／边界层相互作用的流动是轴对称圆弧突起绕流和二维管道突起流动．通过数值计算结果和实验结果的比较，对有关的非线性湍流模式进行评估和分析．计算结果表明，非线性模式的模化系数与平均流动应变不变量以及涡量不变量有关，反映了湍流的各向异性，比线性模式优越得多．     

湍流一般机理及其应用

本文综述了湍流机理发展中最重要的一些文章,包括:Brown-Roshko的混合剪切层中大尺度涡的发展;Perry和Chong的湍流边界层中A形涡结构的湍流机理;以及笔者提出的关于3维湍流场中涡结构的涡量脉动对流和扩散并存的一般机理。在一般机理基础上建立了判别流场的准则,列举了在固壁边界附近的猝发现象并展望它的未来应用。      

超声速平板边界层斜波失稳转捩过程研究

以5阶迎风和6阶对称紧致格式混合差分求解三维可压缩滤波Navier-Stokes方程，对Mach 数为4.5, Reynolds数为10000的空间发展平板边界层湍流进行了大涡模拟. 时间推进采用 紧致存储3阶Runge-Kutta方法，亚格子尺度模型为修正Smagorinsky涡黏性模型. 通过在 入口边界叠加一对线性最不稳定第一模态斜波扰动，数值模拟得到了平板层流边界层失稳转 捩直至湍流的演化过程. 对流场转捩过程中瞬时量及统计平均量的分析表明，数值模拟结果 与理论吻合，得到的Y型剪切层、交替\Lambda涡结构以及转捩后期的发卡涡结构的发展 变化与相关文献结果一致，湍流流谱定性合理.     

湍流模化的现状及发展趋势

本文讨论了湍流模化研究的发展现状,提出了今后湍流模式的可能改进途径。根据一组湍流封闭假定得到了各种2阶湍流模式,如Reynolds应力模式(RSM),代数应力模式(k-ε-A)及涡粘性模式(k-ε-E)。以自由剪切流、空腔流及通过偏心槽的流动为例作出了预报。虽然至今还不存在一个完备湍流模式,但2阶湍流模式已经具备了某些预报能力。湍流模化的不完备性可能要归咎于各向同性耗散和单湍流尺度等假定的不适当。利用多重湍流尺度概念,包括利用湍流涡的分维,可以改善湍流的预报。     

大涡模拟及其在湍流燃烧中的应用

大涡模拟作为一种研究湍流流动和湍流燃烧的有效手段,在国际上已经得到广泛应用。本文在回顾了大涡模拟(LES)的基本思想及其实施方法的基础上着重介绍了前人在大涡模拟的亚格子湍流模式和亚格子燃烧模式中的研究成果,同时给出了采用不同亚格子模式的大涡模拟在湍流燃烧中的应用实例,指出了大涡模拟在湍流燃烧中的重要作用,为大涡模拟的进一步发展和应用提供参考。      

关于植被中湍流的研究

本文从实验和模式理论两个方面介绍了近年来在植被湍流研究方面的进展.实验研究表明,植被内湍流是高度间歇性的,大尺度涡在湍流输运中起主导作用.植物枝、干、叶打碎了大尺度涡,产生的迹湍流中的小尺度涡更容易耗散成热。因此,植被内能量不按一般的能量级串理论预示的方式进行,而要发生所谓“短路”现象,使得功率谱曲线的斜率在惯性区比-2/3律更负.现有的高阶封闭模式虽然取得了很大成功,但在模拟湍流强度上高估了其大小,还需根据实验加以改进.      

Balance equation of the generalised sub-grid scale (SGS) turbulent kinetic energy in a new tensorial dynamic mixed SGS model

A new dynamic model is proposed in which the eddy viscosity is defined as a symmetric second rank tensor, proportional to the product of a turbulent length scale with an ellipsoid of turbulent velocity scales. The employed definition of the eddy viscosity allows to remove the local balance assumption of the SGS turbulent kinetic energy formulated in all the dynamic Smagorinsky-type SGS models. Furthermore, because of the tensorial structure of the eddy viscosity the alignment assumption between the principal axes of the SGS turbulent stress tensor and the resolved strain-rate tensor is equally removed, an assumption which is employed in the scalar eddy viscosity SGS models. The proposed model is tested for a turbulent channel flow. Comparison with the results obtained with other dynamic SGS models (Dynamic Smagorinsky Model, Dynamic Mixed Model and Dynamic K-equation Model) shows that the tensorial definition of the eddy viscosity and the removal of the local balance assumption of the SGS turbulent kinetic energy considerably improves the agreement between results obtained with Large Eddy simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), respectevely. Received August 26, 1999     

Subgrid-Scale Stress Modelling Based on the Square of the Velocity Gradient Tensor

A new subgrid scale model is proposed for Large Eddy Simulations in complex geometries. This model which is based on the square of the velocity gradient tensor accounts for the effects of both the strain and the rotation rate of the smallest resolved turbulent fluctuations. Moreover it recovers the proper y ³ near-wall scaling for the eddy viscosity without requiring dynamic procedure. It is also shown from a periodic turbulent pipe flow computation that the model can handle transition.     

A dynamic subgrid-scale tensorial Eddy viscosity model

In the Navier-Stokes equations the removal of the turbulent fluctuating velocities with a frequency above a certain fixed threshold, employed in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), causes the appearance of a turbulent stress tensor that requires a number of closure assumptions. In this paper insufficiencies are demonstrated for those closure models which are based on a scalar eddy viscosity coefficient. A new model, based on a tensorial eddy viscosity, is therefore proposed; it employs the Germano identity [1] and allows dynamical evaluation of the single required input coefficient. The tensorial expression for the eddy viscosity is deduced by removing the widely used scalar assumption of the high-frequency viscous dissipation and replacing it by its tensorial counterpart arising in the balance of the Reynolds stress tensor. The numerical simulations performed for a lid driven cavity flow show that the proposed model allows to overcome the drawbacks encountered by the scalar eddy viscosity models. Received November 25, 1997     

On the eddy viscosity model of periodic turbulent shear flows

Physical argument shows that eddy viscosity is essentially different from molecular viscosity. By direct numerical simulation, it was shown that for periodic turbulent flows, there is phase difference between Reynolds stress and rate of strain. This finding posed great challenge to turbulence modeling, because most turbulence modeling, which use the idea of eddy viscosity, do not take this effect into account. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19732005) and Liu Hui Center for Applied Mathematics of Nankai & Tianjin University     

Time‐dependent turbulent cavitating flow computations with interfacial transport and filter‐based models

Turbulent cavitating flow computations need to address both cavitation and turbulence modelling issues. A recently developed interfacial dynamics‐based cavitation model (IDCM) incorporates the interfacial transport into the computational modelling of cavitation dynamics. For time‐dependent flows, it is known that the engineering turbulence closure such as the original k–ε model often over‐predicts the eddy viscosity values reducing the unsteadiness. A recently proposed filter‐based modification has shown that it can effectively modulate the eddy viscosity, rendering better simulation capabilities for time‐dependent flow computations in term of the unsteady characteristics. In the present study, the IDCM along with the filter‐based k–ε turbulence model is adopted to simulate 2‐D cavitating flows over the Clark‐Y airfoil. The chord Reynolds number is Re=7.0 × 10⁵. Two angles‐of‐attack of 5 and 8° associated with several cavitation numbers covering different flow regimes are conducted. The simulation results are assessed with the experimental data including lift, drag and velocity profiles. The interplay between cavitation and turbulence models reveals substantial differences in time‐dependent flow results even though the time‐averaged characteristics are similar. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A dynamic framework for functional parameterisations of the eddy viscosity coefficient in two-dimensional turbulence

This paper puts forth a dynamic framework for investigating the subgrid scale physics of decaying two-dimensional turbulence utilising a modular approach with eddy viscosities in various functional forms. The derivation of the low-pass spatially filtered implementation of the Navier–Stokes equations is given by using the vorticity-streamfunction formulation. Two different implementations of the viscosity kernels based on the representation of the eddy viscosity terms are proposed and tested by solving a canonical two-dimensional decaying turbulence problem. It is seen that the implementation of the eddy viscosity formulation plays a distinct role in the dissipative behaviour of the different viscosity kernels. Among eddy viscosity kernels tested, we found that the Leith eddy viscosity formulation yields superior results with higher correlation coefficients.     

Two-Equation Turbulence Modelling of a Transitional Separation Bubble

Calculations of the Reynolds averaged equations using two different turbulence models have been compared with direct numerical simulation of a transitional separation bubble. Three methods of transition modelling were investigated. The first had no transition adjustment, the second involved fixing the transition point at the location observed in the simulation and the third was a direct transformation of a method proposed by Wilcox [1] which involved sensitising the eddy viscosity and transport equations to the local turbulent Reynolds number. The models captured the general features of the flow but were unable to show the recovery behaviour of the flow behind the bubble. Reasons for the failure are discussed using apriori analysis of terms in the model equations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Turbulence modeling for the axially rotating pipe from the viewpoint of analytical closures

A single-point model eddy viscosity model of rotation effects on the turbulent flow in an axially rotating pipe is developed based on two-point closure theories. Rotation is known to impede energy transfer in turbulence; this fact is reflected in the present model through a reduced eddy viscosity, leading to laminarization of the mean velocity profile and return to a laminar friction law in the rapid rotation limit. This model is compared with other proposals including linear redistribution effects through the rapid pressure-strain correlation, Richardson number modification of the eddy viscosity in a model of non-rotating turbulence, and the reduction of turbulence through the suppression of near-wall production mechanisms. PACS 47.27.Eq, 47.32.-y     

求解复杂湍流的非线性涡黏性系数模型和代数应力模型

非线性涡黏性系数模型和代数应力模型联系了线性涡黏性系数湍流模型和完整的微分 雷诺应力模型.随着它们受到日益关注,其形式也越来越多样化.本篇综述的目的是对这些模 型加以总结并比较它们之间的共同点及不同之处,指出它们与完整微分雷诺应力模型之间的 关系,以及相对于线性涡黏性系数模型而言它们在预报流场上所具有的优势.