充液金属圆柱壳受弹体冲击的整体变形与局部破坏分析

在地基梁类比方法基础上,建立了一组充液金属圆柱壳受平头弹体侧向正冲击的理论分析模型,该模型可以确定冲击过程圆柱壳的整体变形及弹性的穿透破坏,利用该模型计算了弹道极限速度,弹体及圆柱壳的冲击响应历程,特别地,分析了内压对弹道极限速度等参数的影响,得到了内压与弹道极限速度的关系帮一些有意义的结论,理论结果与已有实验结果基本吻合。     

Low-energy impact of adaptive cylindrical piezoelectric–composite shells

A theoretical framework for analyzing low-energy impacts of laminated shells with active and sensory piezoelectric layers is presented, including impactor dynamics and contact law. The formulation encompasses a coupled piezoelectric shell theory mixing first order shear displacement assumptions and layerwise variation of electric potential. An exact in-plane Ritz solution for the impact of open cylindrical piezoelectric–composite shells is developed and solved numerically using an explicit time integration scheme. The active impact control problem of adaptive cylindrical shells with distributed curved piezoelectric actuators is addressed. The cases of optimized state feedback controllers and output feedback controllers using piezoelectric sensors are analyzed. Numerical results quantify the impact response of cylindrical shells of various curvatures including the signal of curved piezoelectric sensors. Additional numerical studies quantify the impact response of adaptive cylindrical panels and investigate the feasibility of actively reducing the impact force.     

Infinitesimal Stability of the Equilibrium States of?an?Incompressible, Isotropic Elastic Tube Under?Pressure

The infinitesimal stability of the equilibrium states of an arbitrary incompressible, isotropic and homogeneous elastic cylindrical shell in a pure radial expansion under a constant inflation pressure is studied for both thick- and thin-walled shells. The classical criterion of infinitesimal stability yields a general stability theorem relating the frequency and pressure response and reveals that points at which the pressure is stationary define the domain of unstable or neutrally stable states. All results are expressed in terms of a general shear response function, and specific results are provided for the Mooney-Rivlin, Gent and Ogden models, the second having limited extensibility, the last including experimental data. Every static state of a Mooney-Rivlin tube is stable so long as the pressure is less than an asymptotic limit that increases with the thickness. Otherwise, only the Ogden model exhibits static states of instability for all long cylindrical tubes of thickness less than a transitional value above which all static states are infinitesimally stable. A long cylindrical cavity in all three unbounded models is stable for all pressures. All results are illustrated graphically.     

Strain and fracture of circular plates under static and dynamical loading by a spherical body

The strain and fracture of plates under the action of a load normal to their planes was studied in numerous papers. A review of publications in this field in the case of impact by a freely flying body is given in [1–3]. At first, researchers’ attention was mainly paid to the so-called ideal version of collision in which the normal impact of a rigid body on the plate center was considered and the boundary conditions did not affect the results of impact. The plate strains were studied near and in the region of impact, the minimal velocities were determined for a body of some specific shape for which the plate is punched through (the so-called ballistic limit); the shapes of fractured punched plates and the residual velocity of the body if its initial velocity exceeds the ballistic limit were also determined. In the last years, the more complicated cases of collision have been studied, namely, the case in which the impact is not directed along the normal to the plate plane and the impact velocity vector does not coincide with the body symmetry axis as well as the case of impacts on shells. The research in this field was represented in [2, 3]. But in this case the influence of the boundary conditions is still considered insufficiently. This gap was indicated in [2].In the present paper, we study the normal impacts of spherical bodies and deformable cylindrical bodies with spherical heads on circular plates for various boundary conditions and mechanical characteristics of their material. We consider the plate strains, determine the impact velocity at which the plate is punched through, and clarify the mechanism and the sequence of the plate fracture and break-though depending on their mechanical characteristics and boundary conditions. We make an attempt to perform numerical studies of the dynamic deflection at the center of a plate fixed on the boundary using its experimentally determined quasistatic rigidity and taking into account the boundary conditions for determining the associated mass. We estimate the influence of the body mass on the ballistic limit. The use of rigid spherical bodies permits treating any variations in the results of impacts as a characteristic reaction of the plates themselves, because in this case it is unnecessary to deal with the body orientation with respect to the velocity vector. For impacts with such bodies, we used plates made of aluminum alloys and of lead. We studied how the strength of cylindrical bodies with spherical heads made of plasticine or lead affects the strain of plates made of AMTsM alloy.     

含凹坑缺陷圆柱壳的数值极限分析

使用文［１］提出的三维结构塑性极限分析的一般计算方法，我们对含凹坑缺陷的圆柱壳进行了数值极限分析．对凹坑和筒体各种组合的几何参数，本文给出了筒壳极限压力的上限．计算结果与现有的理论、实验和数值解进行了比较．本文调查和评估了各种形状和尺寸的凹坑对筒壳极限承载能力的影响规律，研究了对应于不同凹坑尺寸的筒壳两种典型的破坏模式．根据以上数值结果，本文采用几何参数Ｇ来反映凹坑各参数对筒壳极限压力的综合影响，并给出了估计带凹坑筒体极限压力的拟合公式．本文结果对含凹坑缺陷压力容器的安全评估具有重要参考价值     

自由梁中部在平头子弹横向正冲击下的穿透及变形

研究了均匀矩形截面自由梁中部在小尺寸、平头、刚性、圆柱形弹体正撞击下的变形及穿透过程。当子弹冲击速度接近或高于临界穿透速度时 ,在梁上与子弹接触区的周围会形成一个剪切冲塞 ,子弹通过冲塞作用在梁上的剪应力会引起梁的整体弯曲变形。通过动力分析 ,确定了子弹穿透梁的临界穿透速度。对子弹穿透梁的局部剪切过程和梁的各个变形阶段进行了数值计算 ,估算出局部剪切能、梁弯曲变形能、子弹及梁的残余动能在子弹初动能中所占的比例。     

Several phenomena in structural impact and structural crashworthiness

This article discusses the dynamic plastic instability of various basic structural members, subjected to large axial impact loads, which is relevant to the fields of structural impact and structural crashworthiness. In particular, studies on the dynamic axial response of idealised elastic–plastic models, rods, cylindrical shells and square tubes, is discussed in some detail. The analyses for some of the rods, shells and tubes retain the simultaneous influence of elastic and plastic stress waves (axial inertia) and the structural response (lateral inertia). The predictions reveal the profound influence of stress wave propagation phenomena which explain the characteristics of many of the experimental results obtained in laboratories over the years. These more complete analyses are vital for the higher velocity impact scenarios encountered increasingly in designs and for comparing properly the relative merits of different ductile materials in potential energy absorbing systems.     

圆柱壳波动振动响应分析

采用Flugge的壳体理论,计算出有阻尼圆柱壳的固有频率并且推导出波动振动响应的模态解,得到了波动共振转速的计算公式。为了提高计算精度,采用高斯迭代法解计算固有频率的超越函数方程;计算了悬臂圆柱壳的固有频率及共波动响应,绘制了振型图,并与NASA试验值作了对比。     

静力预加载环向加筋圆柱壳的轴向流-固冲击屈曲

将初缺陷放大准则应用于静力预加载环向加筋圆柱壳结构受轴向流-固冲击加载作用时的几何非线性动力屈曲研究中。运用Galerkin方法推导出壳体-肋骨系统的动力屈曲控制方程,并且采用Runge-Kutta法进行数值求解。着重分析了静力预加载荷对结构屈曲性态及抗轴向冲击能力的影响。     

Buckling and postbuckling of stiffened cylindrical shells under axial compression

Buckling and postbuckling behaviors of perfect and imperfect,stringer andorthotropically stiffened cylindrical shells have been studied under axial compression.Based on the boundary layer theory for the buckling of thin elastic shells suggested in ref.[1],a theoretical analysis is presented.The effects of material properties of stiffeners andskin,which are made of different materials,on the buckling load and postbuckling behaviorof stiffened cylindrical shells have also been discussed.     

DENTING AND FAILURE OF LIQUID-FILLED TUBES UNDER LATERAL IMPACT

In this paper, numerical simulation of impact cases of liquid-filled tube impacted by missiles is conducted with a commercial finite element code LS-DYNA, and the results obtained are compared with the experimental data to verify the validity of the numerical simulation model adopted. With the verified numerical method, the processes of dynamic response of a blunt indenter impacting an empty or liquid-filled three-span continuous tubular beam are studied when the parameter such as the indenter’s mass, liquid’s density or impact velocity is varied and the other conditions are kept the same. The simulation results indicate that the critical perforation energy and the deformation of the wall of the pipe are significantly influenced by the presence of the liquid and the pressure. The liquid filling the tube provides a ‘foundation’ pressure to resist and localize the deformation, which may affect the perforation process and lead to a reduction of the ballistic limit. The simulation results also indicate that the increase of the fluid density filled in the tube will decrease the ballistic limit, but the fluid density must be in some scope. The relationship between the ballistic limit velocity of the tube and the mass of the impact missile is nonlinear in the Cartesian coordinate while it becomes linear through logarithmic transformation.     

Elastic instabilities for strain-stiffening rubber-like spherical and cylindrical thin shells under inflation

This paper is concerned with investigation of the effects of strain-stiffening on the classical limit point instability that is well-known to occur in the inflation of internally pressurized rubber-like spherical thin shells (balloons) and circular cylindrical thin tubes composed of incompressible isotropic non-linearly elastic materials. For a variety of specific strain-energy densities that give rise to strain-stiffening in the stress-stretch response, the inflation pressure versus stretch relations are given explicitly and the non-monotonic character of the inflation curves is examined. While such results are known for constitutive models that exhibit a gradual stiffening (e.g. exponential and power-law models), our primary focus is on materials that undergo severe strain-stiffening in the stress-stretch response. In particular, we consider two phenomenological constitutive models that reflect limiting chain extensibility at the molecular level. It is shown that for materials with sufficiently low extensibility no limit point instability occurs and so stable inflation is then predicted for such materials. Potential applications of the results to the biomechanics of soft tissues are indicated.     

Transient impact responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells

The generalized ray method (GRM) has been successfully used to study the transient elastic wave transmitting in the beams, planar trusses, space frames and infinite layered media. In this letter, the GRM is extended to investigate the early short time transient responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells under impact load. By using the Laplace transformation and referring to the boundary conditions, the ray groups transmitting in the finite laminated cylindrical shells under the shock load are obtained and the transient response related to each ray group can be derived via FFT algorithm. From the numerical results, it is shown that the early short time transient accelerations of the laminated composite cylindrical shell under impact loads are very large. But the short time transient shear strain and displacement are very small.     

Photoelastic tests on complex intersections of reinforced thin-shell cylinders

This paper presents the three-dimensional photoelastic analyses accompanied by extensive finite-element studies of several thin-shell pressure vessels with various cylindrical intersections. The models consisted of right circular cylindrical shells with diameter-to-thickness ratios of 220, reinforced with circumferential, longitudinal and diagonal T-stiffeners. The cylindrical shells and stiffeners were intersected by various smaller cylinders producing complex intersection joints which included radial and angular fillets. Each of the models was constructed from 80 to 150 parts prepared from flat sheets, “contour-cast” shells, and milled machined parts. The model techniques as well as the machining, assembling and testing methods of the pressure vessels are presented.     

圆柱壳轴向流固冲击屈曲与塑性失效的实验研究

通过对三种不同径厚比圆柱壳进行的流固冲击实验，分析了它们在流固冲击载荷下的动力响应特点，并与相应的高速撞击与静力屈曲实验作了简单的比较，分析了它们之间的异同点。同时文中对极值冲击倒塌特性进行了详细分析     

外压对环肋圆柱壳轴向弹塑性动力屈曲的影响

采用增量理论,借助增量数值解法研究了复合加载（轴向流－固冲击载荷＋径向均匀外压）条件下环肋圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲,采用类似B－R准则和Southwell方法来确定临界载荷,讨论了径向均匀外压对结构动力性态及抗轴冲击能力的影响。     

圆柱壳稳定性问题的研究进展

圆柱壳是工程实际中广泛应用的结构,其主要破坏形式是屈曲失稳．作为力学领域的经典问题,圆柱壳稳定性问题的研究非常之多．其中,受均匀轴向压力的圆柱壳由于临界屈曲载荷的理论预测值与早期试验结果之间的巨大差异,更是推动了壳体稳定性理论的不断发展．本文简要回顾了壳体稳定性理论的发展和分类,并对轴压圆柱壳体试验结果分散且远低于理论预测值的原因及含缺陷圆柱壳体的稳定性研究方法进行了总结,然后综述了地下空间顶管、储油罐、加筋圆柱壳及脱层圆柱壳等实际工程中广泛应用的圆柱壳结构稳定性研究的现状和趋势,最后展望了将来对工程应用中圆柱壳结构的稳定性研究的难点和方向．     

A membrane model for the response of thin plates to ballistic impact

The axisymmetric response of an infinite plate to an impacting projectile is determined analytically on the hypothesis that, for large deformations, a ductile plate behaves to a good approximation like a membrane under uniform tension. The lowest projectile velocity that results in perforation (the ballistic limit), and the residual velocity after perforation, then are determined on the basis of a critical-strain failure criterion. A figure of merit that depends only on the material properties of the target and characterizes the resistance of the material to impact appears naturally in the analysis. Variations in the ballistic limit with target thickness and projectile dimensions can be determined when this figure of merit is known. The theoretical ballistic limit and residual velocity for a steel cylinder impacting a titanium plate are found to agree with available measured values. Further support for the membrane model and an estimate of its range of validity are obtained by comparing the maximum displacement of an impulsively-loaded, circular membrane with experimental data for circular plates.     

爆炸加载下金属柱壳破片软回收技术研究

针对爆炸加载下金属柱壳膨胀断裂破片软回收的研究需求,本文通过理论分析和初步的数值模拟设计了由低密度聚氨酯泡沫与水介质为主体的回收装置。与传统单一材料为主的回收装置相比,该回收装置既能在破片高速阶段将低阻抗聚氨酯泡沫对破片的冲击压力减小到约为水对破片冲击压力的1/3,又使破片速度全程持续地较大幅度衰减,还能在破片低速阶段又能充分利用水介质密度大的优势,减小以聚氨酯泡沫单一材料为主的回收装置尺寸。依托该装置开展了炸药加载下304不锈钢柱壳膨胀断裂回收实验。通过测量回收池外壁速度、检查实验后的回收池外观,发现回收池池壁和底部完好,可以重复使用;通过对回收破片称重统计,破片回收率超过85%,破片内外界面辨识度高,破片表面车刀纹清晰可见,内部可见多条未贯穿的裂纹。表明该回收装置对破片的冲击损伤显著降低。根据破片断口和表面信息,推测了破片在金属柱壳的大致位置。本文最后初步给出了回收破片的平均厚度及质量分布等相关信息的统计结果。     

辛方法和弹性圆柱壳在内外压和轴向冲击下的动态屈曲

针对有内压或外压的弹性圆柱壳在轴向冲击载荷耦合作用下的动态屈曲问题,构造哈密顿体系,在辛空间中将临界载荷和动态屈曲模态归结为辛本征值和本征解问题,从而形成一种辛方法。该方法直接得到非轴对称的屈曲模态。数值结果给出了圆柱壳问题的临界载荷和屈曲模态以及一些规律。