压电涂层-功能梯度压电界面层-基底结构的二维接触问题研究

在多层压电元件中,由于界面处材料成分和性质的突变,常常导致界面处应力集中,使得界面处出现开裂或蠕变现象,从而大大缩短了压电元件的使用寿命。功能梯度压电材料作为界面层,可有效的缓解界面材料不匹配导致的破坏。本文主要研究利用功能梯度压电材料界面层连接压电涂层和基底,分析三层结构在圆柱型压头作用下的力电响应。利用傅里叶积分变换技术,本文将压电涂层-功能梯度压电层-基底结构在刚性圆柱压头作用下的二维平面应变接触问题转化为带有柯西核的奇异积分方程。运用高斯-切比雪夫积分公式,将奇异积分方程转化为线性方程组并对其进行数值求解,得到压电涂层-功能梯度压电层-基底结构在圆柱形压头作用下的应力分布和电位移分布。数值结果表明,梯度压电材料参数的变化对结构中的力电响应具有重要的影响。本文研究结果对于利用功能梯度压电界面层消除界面处的应力不连续导致的界面破坏具有重要的理论指导意义,研究结果可为功能梯度压电材料界面层的设计提供帮助。     

Finite-part integral and boundary element method to solve three-dimensional crack problems in piezoelectric materials

Using the hypersingular integral equation method based on body force method, a planar crack in a three-dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric solid under mechanical and electrical loads is analyzed. This crack problem is reduced to solve a set of hypersingular integral equations. Compare with the crack problems in elastic isotropic materials, it is shown that for the impermeable crack, the intensity factors for piezoelectric materials can be obtained from those for elastic isotropic materials. Based on the exact analytical solution of the singular stresses and electrical displacements near the crack front, the numerical method of the hypersingular integral equation is proposed by the finite-part integral method and boundary element method, which the square root models of the displacement and electric potential discontinuities in elements near the crack front are applied. Finally, the numerical solutions of the stress and electric field intensity factors of some examples are given.     

Effects of thickness on the largely-deformed JKR (Johnson–Kendall–Roberts) test of soft elastic layers

The paper aimed to study the effect of large deformation and material nonlinearity on the adhesive contact between a smooth rigid spherical indenter and a Neo-Hookean layer of finite thickness, for the cases of the layer thickness/indenter radius ratio between 1 and 2. Our analysis was based on the large-deformation JKR (LDJKR) theory, which models the adhesive contact of two elastic solids in large-deformation regime by knowing the solution of the corresponding non-adhesive contact problem. In this paper, the non-adhesive contact between a spherical indenter and a Neo-Hookean layer was solved by finite element analysis. Combined these numerical results and the LDJKR theory, approximate analytic expressions of the applied load and displacement of adhesive contact of Neo-Hookean layers were obtained. The effects of layer thickness were also discussed.     

Mechanics of indentation for piezoelectric thin films on elastic substrate

Frictionless normal indentation problem of rigid flat-ended cylindrical, conical and spherical indenters on piezoelectric film, which is either in frictionless contact with or perfectly bonded to an elastic half-space (substrate), is investigated. Both conducting and insulating indenters are considered. With Hankel transform, the general solutions of the homogeneous governing equations for the piezoelectric layer and the elastic half-space are presented. Using the boundary conditions for a vertical point force or a point electric charge, and the boundary conditions on the film/substrate interface, the Green’s functions can be obtained by solving sets of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. The solution of the indentation problem is obtained by integrating these Green’s functions over the contact area with unknown surface tractions or electric charge distribution, which will be determined from the boundary conditions on the contact surface between the indenter and the film. The solution is expressed in terms of dual integral equations that are converted to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and solved numerically. Numerical examples are also presented. The comparison between two film/substrate bonding conditions is made. It shows that the indentation rigidity of the film/substrate system is lower when the film is in frictionless contact with the substrate. The effects of the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the elastic substrate, indenter electrical condition and indenter prescribed electric potential on the indentation responses are presented.     

Indentation responses of piezoelectric films

Frictionless indentation responses of transversely isotropic piezoelectric film/rigid substrate systems under circular cylindrical indenter (i.e., punch), conical indenter (i.e., cone), and spherical indenter (i.e., sphere) are investigated. Both insulating and conducting indenters are considered. The technique of Hankel transformation is employed to derive the corresponding dual integral equations for the mixed boundary value indentation problems. For the two limiting cases of infinitely thick and infinitely thin piezoelectric films, closed-form solutions are obtained. For piezoelectric films of finite thickness, a numerical method is constructed to solve the dual integral equations and semi-empirical models having only two unknown parameters are proposed for the responses of indentation force, electric charge and electric potential, and contact radius. With the two parameters inferred from the numerical results, the semi-empirical formulae are found to provide good estimates of the indentation responses for the two limiting cases of infinitely thick and thin piezoelectric films, as well as those in between. The inferred parameters in the proposed semi-empirical formulae for normalized indentation force and electric charge are checked against four different piezoelectric materials and are found to be insensitive to the selection of piezoelectric materials. It is believed that the proposed semi-empirical indentation formulae are useful in developing experimental indentation techniques to extract the material properties of piezoelectric films.     

Exact solutions for magneto-electro-elastic laminates in cylindrical bending

Analytical solutions are derived for the cylindrical bending of multilayered, linear, and anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic plates under simple-supported edge conditions. We construct the general solution in terms of a simple formalism for any homogeneous layer, from which any physical quantities can be solved for the given boundary conditions. For multilayered plates, we derive the solution in terms of the propagator matrices. A special feature of cylindrical bending, which distinguishes itself from the three-dimensional plate problem, is that the associated eigenvalues for any homogeneous layer are independent of the sinusoidal mode, and thus need to be solved only once. Typical numerical examples are also presented for a piezomagnetic plate, a two-layered piezoelectric/piezomagnetic plate, and a four layered piezoelectric/piezomagnetic plate, with different span-to-thickness ratios. In particular, the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic fields show certain interesting features, which give guidance on the development of piezoelectric/piezomagnetic thin-plate theories. Furthermore, it is shown that the variations of the elastic, electric, and magnetic quantities with thickness depend strongly upon the material property and layering, which could be useful in the analysis and design of smart composite structures with sensors/actuators.     

An analytical model for electrode–ceramic interaction in multilayer piezoelectric actuators

The present paper develops an analytical model for multi-electrodes in multi-layered piezoelectric actuators, in which the electrodes are vertical to and terminated at the edges of the medium and electroelastic field concentrations ahead of the electrodes in the multilayer piezoelectric actuators are examined. By considering a representative unit in realistic multilayers, the problem is formulated in terms of electric potential between the electrode tips and results in a system of singular integral equations in which the electric potential is taken as unknown function. Effects are investigated of electrode spacing and piezoelectric coupling on the singular electroelastic fields at the electrode tips, and closed-form expressions are given for the electromechanical field near the electrode tips. Exact solution for un-coupled dielectrics is provided, where no piezoelectric coupling is present. The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

等效刚度对非线性压电俘能系统性能影响研究

基于Hamilton原理，考虑几何非线性和梁的不可伸长条件，建立了五层压电双晶片叠合梁俘能器在直接和参数激励作用下的运动微分方程。利用Galerkin法和谐波平衡法获得了俘能器的位移、输出电压和输出功率的解析解。引入随时间变化的扰动，提出了非线性方程解的稳定性条件。为了对压电俘能器的结构-性能关系进行综合分析，研究了被动层的配置形式、被动层与主动层的厚度比和弹性模量对压电俘能系统性能的影响。结果表明，在叠合梁厚度不变的情况下，采用五层的压电双晶片叠合结构，选择合理的被动层与主动层厚度比、被动层弹性模量、被动层厚度比和负载电阻，可以有效提高能量俘获的效率。     

Vibration and damping analysis of a composite plate with active and passive damping layer

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A penny-shaped crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric layer

In this paper, we develop a model to treat penny-shaped crack configuration in a piezoelectric layer of finite thickness. The piezoelectric layer is subjected to axially symmetric mechanical and electrical loads. Hankel transform technique is used to reduce the problem to the solution of a system of integral equations. A numerical solution for the crack tip fields is obtained for different crack radius and crack position.     

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates on elastic foundations

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric (FGPM) annular plates resting on Pasternak foundations with different boundary conditions is presented. The material properties are assumed to have an exponent-law variation along the thickness. A semi-analytical approach which makes use of state-space method in thickness direction and one-dimensional differential quadrature method in radial direction is utilized to obtain the influences of the Winkler and shearing layer elastic coefficients of the foundations on the non-dimensional natural frequencies of functionally graded piezoelectric annular plates. The analytical solution in the thickness direction can be acquired using the state-space method and approximate solution in the radial direction can be obtained using the one-dimensional differential quadrature method. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the convergency and accuracy of the present method. The influences of the material property graded index, circumferential wave number and thickness of the annular plate on the dynamic behavior are also investigated. Since three-dimensional free vibration analysis of FGPM annular plates on elastic foundations has not been implemented before, the new results can be used as benchmark solutions for future researches.     

Surface cracking of a piezoelectric strip bonded to an elastic substrate (Mode I crack problem)

Summary A piezoelectric material layer bonded to an elastic substrate is investigated. The piezoelectric layer contains an edge crack that is perpendicular to the surface of medium. The poling axis of the piezoelectric layer is parallel to its edge. The elastic layer can be an ideal insulator or an ideal conductor. The Fourier transform technique is used to reduce the problem to a solution of singular integral equations. Both impermeable crack and permeable crack assumptions are considered. Stress and electric displacement intensity factors are investigated for different dimensions of the medium. A double-edge cracked symmetric piezoelectric laminate under symmetric electro-mechanical load is also investigated. BLW would like to thank the National Science Foundation of China (#10102004) and the City University of Hong Kong for the support of this work (DAG #7100219). YGS also thanks the Multidiscipline Scientific Research Foundation Project (HIT. MD 2001. 39) of the Harbin Institute of Technology and the SRF for ROCS, SEM.     

Transference of Love-type waves in a bedded structure containing a functionally graded material and a porous piezoelectric medium

The frequency of the Love-type surface waves in a bedded structure consisting of a porous piezoelectric(PP) medium and a functionally graded material(FGM)substrate is approximated. The FGM layer is assumed to have a constant initial stress.The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB) approximation technique is used for the wave solution in the FGM layer, and the method of separation of variables is applied for the solution in the porous piezoelectric medium. The dependence of the wave frequency on the wave number is obtained for both electrically open and short cases. The effects of the gradient coefficient of the FGM layer, the initial stresses(tensile stress and compressive stress), and the width of the FGM layer are marked distinctly and shown graphically. The findings may contribute towards the design and optimization of acoustic wave devices.     

Effects of covering layer thickness on Love waves in functionally graded piezoelectric substrates

An analytical approach is used to investigate the effects of covering layer thickness on the propagation behavior of Love waves in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) covered with a dielectric layer. The piezoelectric substrate is polarized in the direction perpendicular to the wave propagation plane, and its material parameters change continuously along the thickness direction. The dispersion equations for the existence of Love waves with respect to phase velocity are obtained for electrically open and shorted cases, respectively. A detailed investigation of the effects of the covering dielectric layer thickness on dispersion curve, phase velocity, group velocity, and electromechanical coupling factor is carried out. Numerical results show that for a given FGPM, the covering dielectric layer thickness affects significantly the fundamental mode of Love waves but has only negligible effects on the high-order modes. The changes in phase velocity, group velocity, and electromechanical coupling factor due to the change of gradient coefficient of FGPMs could be approached approximately by changing the thickness of the covering dielectric layer, which imply a potential factor for designing new-type surface wave devices with FGPMs.     

Stress analysis in rolling contact problem of a finite thickness FGM layer

The rolling contact problem of a non-homogeneous layer is considered here. The graded layer possesses a variable elastic modulus with an exponential distribution. The Poisons ratio is assumed to be constant. A rigid cylindrical indenter is rolling over the surface of the graded layer with a constant velocity. First, the Navier equations of equilibrium are solved in the Fourier domain. Later, the boundary and the continuity conditions are satisfied in order to extract the governing singular integral equations. The numerical solution of the integral equations is provided by means of the Gauss–Chebyshev integration method. Finally, the sensitivity of the solution is analyzed for the effective parameters namely: the stiffness ratio, the layer thickness and the coefficient of friction. The results indicate that a minimum value of the coating thickness is required to alleviate the severe stress gradients in the critical locations. If the coating thickness decreases by a 50% then the Von Mises stress will increases about 20%. Also, a softening graded layer can result in a lower stress level over the interface which may enhance the bonding strength.

     

内含弹性介质功能梯度压电球壳的径向振动调控

针对内含弹性介质的功能梯度压电球壳的径向振动问题,利用变量替换技术,求得了解析解。该解适用于材料参数沿厚度按幂律变化且密度的梯度指标可与其它物理量的梯度指标不同的功能梯度压电球壳,克服了以往分析中所有材料参数梯度指标均假设为相等的局限。数值结果表明,功能梯度压电球壳的径向振动特性可利用材料参数梯度指标和内部弹性介质的刚度进行有效调控。     

非理想界面弹性层/压电柱结构中SH波的传播特性

研究了各向同性弹性层与压电柱之间非理想连接时沿周向传播的SH波的频散特性.弹性层表面力学自由;弹性层与压电柱之间应力连续、位移间断.通过求解控制方程,将问题的解用Bessel函数表示,利用界面条件和边界条件得到频散方程,然后对其进行数值求解,分析了界面性态、材料常数和几何尺寸对SH波传播特性的影响.     

Interfacial fracture analysis of a graded piezoelectric layer on a substrate with finite dimension

In fracture analysis of piezoelectric devices, the structural dimension is often assumed to be infinite at least in one direction. However, all practical piezoelectric structures are finite and their dimensions in different directions are often comparable and cannot be simplified as infinite. The assumption of infinite dimension may lead to inexact theoretical results. The present work aims at studying the interfacial fracture behavior of a functionally graded piezoelectric layer on a dielectric substrate with finite dimension. The crack problem is solved by the methods of Fourier series and Cauchy singular integral equation. Parametric studies on the stress intensity factor (SIF) reveal the following: (a) when a crack tip is near to an interface end, its SIF is mainly governed by the end effect; (b) when a crack is far from the interface ends and the piezoelectric layer is thin, its SIF is principally affected by the thickness of the piezoelectric layer, and (c) only when a crack is far from the interface ends and meanwhile the piezoelectric layer is thick will its SIF be dominated by the non-homogeneity parameter, and in this case, the SIF increases with the increasing non-homogeneity parameter.     

Electromechanical behaviour of a finite piezoelectric layer under a flat punch

This paper solves the problem of a smooth and frictionless punch on a piezoelectric ceramic layer. Different electrical boundary conditions that employ conducting or insulating punches are presented. The stress and electric displacement intensity factors are used to characterize the electromechanical fields at the punch tip. The field intensity factors are obtained numerically for finite layer thickness. Effects of the thickness of the piezoelectric layer on the stress and electric displacement, and the stress and electric displacement intensity factors at the punch tip are discussed. Solution technique for two identical and collinear surface punches on the piezoelectric layer is also provided and the effect of relative distance between the punches is investigated. Numerical results for some interesting special cases, such as conducting punch and insulating punch, and infinite piezoelectric layer thickness, are presented.     

功能梯度压电夹层结构中SH波的传播

研究了功能梯度压电上、下半空间和均匀压电层组成的夹层结构中SH波的传播性能,上、下功能梯度半空间的材料性能沿垂直于界面方向以指数函数形式变化。首先推导了SH传播时电弹场的解析解,然后利用界面条件得到了行列式形式的频散方程。基于推导的频散方程,通过数值算例表明了材料性能梯度变化、压电层厚度和材料组合方式对相速度的影响,结果对功能梯度压电材料在声波器件中的应用有参考价值。