岩石爆破分形损伤模型研究

在Ｋｕｓ和Ｔｈｏｒｎｅ等人研究基础上，利用分形理论及应用成果提出了一种新的岩石爆破损伤模型。新模型将岩体中各种结构弱面视为初始损伤，并将其分形维数作为岩石性质的主要参量，用损伤能量耗散率及与分形维数的关系表征爆破过程中的岩石损伤演化规律，从而弥补了现有模型未考虑初始损伤影响和将损伤演化归结为体积应变函数的不足。还通过模拟试验等手段验证了新模型的如上观点。     

基于微态方法的耦合韧性损伤的弹塑性本构模型

基于广义连续介质力学提出了一个热力学一致性的耦合微态韧性损伤的弹塑性本构模型。该模型遵循Forest的微态方法,在有限变形中提出引入额外的微态损伤因子及其一阶梯度以考虑材料的内部特征尺度。通过广义虚功原理得到了微态损伤的补充控制方程,对亥姆霍兹自由能进行扩展,得到了新的包含微态损伤变量的损伤能量释放率,在微态损伤的正则化作用下,采用隐式迭代更新局部损伤和应力等状态变量。基于Galerkin加权余量法,推导了以传统位移和微态损伤为基本未知量的有限元列式。利用该数值模型,对DP1000材料的单向拉伸实验和十字形零件的冲压实验进行了应变局部化与材料断裂的有限元分析。结果表明,该微态弹塑性损伤模型可以得到一致的有限元模拟响应曲线并收敛到实验曲线,从而避免发生网格依赖性问题。     

考虑微裂纹相互作用的的岩石微观力学弹塑性损伤模型研究

本文建立基于微裂纹扩展的岩石弹塑性损伤微观力学模型。用自洽方法考虑裂隙间相互影响,压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的微观损伤,基于应变能密度准则用Newton迭代法求复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,并采用微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石的弹塑性损伤本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了弹塑性损伤模型的程序。从围压和微裂隙长度等因素分析弹塑性损伤模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性。     

Nonlinear damage model for seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete frame members and structures

A nonlinear damage model based on the combination of deformation and hysteretic energy and its validation with experiments are presented. Also, a combination parameter is defined to consider the mutual effect of deformation and hysteretic energy for different types of components in different loading stages. Four reinforced concrete (RC) columns are simulated and analyzed using the nonlinear damage model. The results indicate that the damage evolution evaluated by the model agrees well with the experimental phenomenon. Furthermore, the seismic damage evolution of a six-story RC frame was analyzed, revealing four typical failure modes according to the interstory drift distribution of the structure; the damage values calculated using the nonlinear damage model agree well with the four typical failure modes.     

压缩载荷作用下岩石的细观损伤和塑性研究

建立岩石微裂纹扩展的细观力学模型,研究了岩石的细观损伤和塑性性质.压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的细观损伤,采用应变能密度准则求解复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映了塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石模型的本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了模型的本构程序.分析弹塑性损伤模型的围压对岩石损伤的影响,并从围压和短微裂隙长度等因素分析模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性.     

Nonlinear progressive damage model for composite laminates used for low-velocity impact

In order to effectively describe the progressively intralaminar and interlam- inar damage for composite laminates, a three dimensional progressive damage model for composite laminates to be used for low-velocity impact is presented. Being applied to three-dimensional （3D） solid elements and cohesive elements, the nonlinear damage model can be used to analyze the dynamic performance of composite structure and its failure be- havior. For the intralaminar damage, as a function of the energy release rate, the damage model in an exponential function can describe progressive development of the damage. For the interlaminar damage, the damage evolution is described by the framework of the continuum mechanics through cohesive elements. Coding the user subroutine VUMAT of the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit, the model is applied to an example, i.e., carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact. It is shown that the prediction of damage and deformation agrees well with the experimental results.     

Fractal effect and anisotropic constitutive model for concrete

An elasto-anisotropic damage constitutive model for concrete is developed in this work. Disregarding the coupling between the isotropic and the anisotropic damage, the isotropic damage variables are defined as functions of the microcrack fractal dimension, and the anisotropic parts are expressed by the lengths of cracks in concrete which various in different directions. The Helmholtz free energy is decomposed into the elastic deforming, damage and irreversible deforming components, with the last component used to replace the plastic deformation. Therefore the damage constitutive formulas for concrete are derived based on continuum damage mechanics. Evolution laws for both isotropic and anisotropic damage variables are derived, in which the anisotropic parts are obtained by modifying an empirical model. The critical fracture stress and the fracture toughness are investigated for materials with a single fractal crack based on the fractal geometry and the Griffith fracture criterion. Numerical computation is conducted for concrete under the uniaxial and the biaxial compression. The results indicate that the material stiffness degradation can be well addressed when the anisotropic damage is incorporated; the irreversible deformation is greatly related to the behavior of the descending branch beyond the peak load. The validation of the presented model is proofed by comparing results with the experimental data. This model provides an approach to link the macro properties of a material with its micro-structure change.     

疲劳损伤临界值分析

通过对疲劳过程和疲劳失效的临界状态的分析，提出疲劳失效判据应与损伤程度和应力水平两个因素有关，并在试验的基础上建立了一个剩余强度退化的对数模型。根据疲劳过程中材料强度退化的事实及其规律。分析了损伤临界值与循环应力水平之间的关系，给出了一般应力水平下疲劳损伤临界值的范围，对于随机疲劳问题，给出了损伤临界值的分布规律。     

基于石膏材料的小结构重力坝损伤本构模型研究

大坝模型试验的模型材料力学性能是试验成功与否的关键影响因素。基于石膏模型材料基本力学性质和混凝土材料基本相似的实际情况,考虑石膏模型材料的孔隙率,在能量损伤理论模型的基础上,结合工程规范,建立了石膏模型材料的受拉损伤本构模型。同时,分析了模型材料应变率对材料峰值应力的影响,引入动应力提高系数,并给出了与应变率相关的模型材料受拉损伤本构模型。利用该本构模型模拟了动荷载下石膏模型重力坝的破坏过程,并与模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明：数值模拟得到的重力坝开裂破坏的位置、形式与模型试验结果较为接近。     

On the extension of the Gurson-type porous plasticity models for prediction of ductile fracture under shear-dominated conditions

One of the major drawbacks of the Gurson-type of porous plasticity models is the inability of these models to predict material failure under low stress triaxiality, shear dominated conditions. This study addresses this issue by combining the damage mechanics concept with the porous plasticity model that accounts for void nucleation, growth and coalescence. In particular, the widely adopted Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model is extended by coupling two damage parameters, representing the volumetric damage (void volume fraction) and the shear damage, respectively, into the yield function and flow potential. The effectiveness of the new model is illustrated through a series of numerical tests comparing its performance with existing models. The current model not only is capable of predicting damage and fracture under low (even negative) triaxiality conditions but also suppresses spurious damage that has been shown to develop in earlier modifications of the GTN model for moderate to high triaxiality regimes. Finally the modified GTN model is applied to predict the ductile fracture behavior of a beta-treated Zircaloy-4 by coupling the proposed damage modeling framework with a recently developed J₂–J₃ plasticity model for the matrix material. Model parameters are calibrated using experimental data, and the calibrated model predicts failure initiation and propagation in various specimens experiencing a wide range of triaxiality and Lode parameter combinations.     

岩石含水蠕变损伤模型的开发与应用

摘要：为研究岩石含水率对蠕变的影响,将含水开关与蠕变损伤阀值引入蠕变模型,实现了含水劣化与蠕变损伤在本构关系上的耦合,建立了岩石含水蠕变损伤模型。模型与某软岩的三轴压缩蠕变试验结果取得了较好的拟合效果,并由麦夸特法+通用全局优化（LM-UGO）算法反演出了模型参数随岩石含水率的变化规律。在C++语言和FLAC3D中Fish语言的环境下,通过推导模型本构方程的三维差分形式,并利用FLAC3D所提供的接口实现了模型的二次开发。通过对开发的岩石含水蠕变损伤模型进行算例验证和分析,验证了模型的可靠性,也得出了软岩巷道蠕变变形随围岩含水率增大而增加的结论,进一步反映出蠕变模拟计算中考虑岩石含水率的必要性。     

Comparing Two Damage Models Under Shear Stress

Recently, a new macro-mechanical model for ductile damage was presented by Wierzbicki, Xue et al., trying to address the role assumed by Lode angle and pressure sensitivity. The new model requires several experimental tests to identify all its parameters, but should outperform the “standard” formulations at high triaxiality levels. In this work a comparison between the Lemaitre’s Continuous Damage Mechanics model and the Wierzbicki’s one is proposed. After calibration of both models, the displacement field measured using the Digital Image Correlation technique in a large shear test case is compared with results of Finite Element simulations obtained using the two damage models considered. Results are not conclusive but show that the new damage model is quite accurateas rupture criterion, but damage evolution history deviates to some extent from the experimentally observed behavior.     

Region-dependent micro damage of enamel under indentation

The objective of this investigation is to explore the region-dependent damage behavior of enamel, as well as to develop a good understanding of the deformation mechanisms of enamel with numerical modeling. Nanoindentation experiments have been performed to investigate the load-penetration depth responses for outer and inner enamel. Results show that the unloading curve does not follow the loading curve, and degradation of stiffness in the unloading curve is observed. Based on the experimental data, a physical quantity, the chain density in protein, has been introduced to the Drucker-Prager plastic model. Numerical simulations show that the simulated load-penetration depth curves agree with the experiments, and the stiffness degradation behaviors of outer and inner enamel are captured by the numerical model. The region-dependent damage behavior of enamel could be revealed by the numerical model. The micro damage affected area at inner enamel is larger than that at outer enamel, indicating that the inner enamel experiences more micro damage than the outer one. Compared with its outer counterpart, the inner enamel which is rich in organic protein could break more internal protein chains to dissipate energy and to enhance its resistance to fracture accordingly.     

弹体贯穿混凝土数值模拟的改进材料模型

研究混凝土结构在冲击载荷下的力学特性对武器以及防护结构的设计和评估具有重要意义,而合适的材料模型可以更准确地预测混凝土结构的力学行为和破坏模式。因此,本文中提出了一种改进的混凝土塑性损伤材料模型来描述其在冲击载荷下的力学响应。该改进模型考虑了压力-体积应变关系、应变率效应、洛德角效应和塑性损伤累积对混凝土材料力学特性的影响,并引入了一个与损伤相关的硬化/软化函数来描述压缩状态下的应变硬化和软化行为。随后,通过对3个独立的强度面进行线性插值得到了该改进模型的破坏强度面,并采用部分关联流动法则考虑了混凝土材料的体积膨胀特性。最后,开展了单个单元在不同加载条件下和弹体贯穿钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟,验证了该改进模型的可行性、准确性以及预测性能提升。     

损伤统计演化方程的性质和数值模拟

通过对一种含成核尺寸效应的损伤统计演化方程性质的分析和数值模拟,揭示了损伤率主要是由微损伤在二维相空间中的前沿的运动所决定的这也就是Kachanov提出的损伤率演化方程的物理基础数值结果进一步显示了含成核尺寸效应模型在损伤发展上与-维模型的区别而且,由几种形式的细观动力学算出的损伤率与损伤的关系简单,可近似拟合为宏观上封闭的形式     

Quasi-micromechanical constitutive theory for brittle damaged materials under tension

One of fundamental but difficult problems in damage mechanics is the formulation of the effective constitutive relation of microcrack-weakened brittle or quasi-brittle materials under complex loading, especially when microcrack interaction is taken into account. The combination of phenomenological and micromechanical damage mechanics is a promising approach to constructing an applicable damage model with a firm physical foundation. In this paper, a quasi-micromechanical model is presented for simulating the constitutive response of microcrack-weakened materials under complex loading. The microcracking damage is characterized in terms of the orientation domain of microcrack growth (DMG) as well as a scalar microcrack density parameter. The DMG describes the complex damage and its evolution associated with microcrack growth, while the scalar microcrack density factor defining the isotropic magnitude of damage yields an easy calculation of the effects of microcrack interaction on effective elastic moduli. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19891180).     

A damage function used for prediction of low cyclic fatigue life

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绝热剪切损伤和破坏的数值模拟研究

绝热剪切破坏是冲击载荷作用下金属材料中经常出现的一种重要破坏模式,尽管已经在实验中观察到了绝热剪切带内部的损伤现象,但是在理论和计算模型中往往还只是考虑它的热软化效应,对与之伴随的损伤破坏效应却鲜有讨论．该文在前人实验的基础上,提出了一个适用于绝热剪切带内部微孔洞损伤发展的演化方程,并在本构方程中同时考虑了温度和损伤对材料的影响,成功地模拟出了绝热剪切带的热软化效应和损伤破坏效应．     

ABAQUS混凝土损伤塑性模型中损伤因子的率相关性及实现方法

ABAQUS程序中最常用的混凝土损伤塑性（concrete damage plasticity, CDP）模型无法实现损伤因子与应变率相关。为了准确描述混凝土材料在高应变率下的损伤特性,基于CDP模型定义了新的应变率场变量,编制了VUSDFLD用户子程序,开发了能够考虑损伤因子率相关性的改进的CDP（modified CDP,MCDP）模型。MCDP模型采用能量法求解混凝土拉压损伤因子,主求解程序能够随着应变率场变量的变化而自动更新不同应变率对应的损伤参数,计算得到的混凝土单轴静态加载结果与CDP模型吻合较好。MCDP模型对高应变率下动态压缩性能的模拟结果表明:混凝土材料在不同应变率下的拉压损伤对其动态力学性能有显著影响,编制的VUSDFLD子程序和MCDP模型能够有效地解决损伤应变率相关的模拟难题,可以准确地模拟爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动态响应,为预测爆炸冲击等强动载作用下混凝土结构的响应和破坏提供了更可靠的技术途径。     

单轴压缩下断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型

断续节理将对工程岩体的强度及变形等力学特性产生显著影响,损伤力学中视节理为岩体的一种宏观损伤,因而采用损伤张量来刻画其对岩体的影响。目前学术界提出了用节理的几何、强度及变形等3类参数来描述节理的物理力学性质,而目前的岩体损伤张量计算方法都只涉及前2类参数,均没有涉及其变形参数即法向及切向刚度。为此,在前人研究的基础上,基于断裂及损伤理论提出了考虑节理法向及切向刚度的单轴压缩下单条断续节理引起的损伤张量计算公式,进而通过考虑节理间相互作用给出了单组单排或多排节理岩体损伤张量计算公式。其次,以岩石细观动态损伤模型为基础,结合宏细观损伤耦合观点提出了一个能够同时考虑节理几何、强度及变形参数的断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型。最后,利用该模型讨论了节理参数及载荷应变率等对岩体动态力学特性的影响,认为节理长度减小及摩擦角增大将导致岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量增大;岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则随着节理法向及切向刚度的增大分别减小或增大;而当节理法向及切向刚度按照同一比例增大时,岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则是增大的。岩体动态峰值强度与载荷应变率呈正相关。