三维自适应FE-SPH耦合算法在多层间隔金属靶侵彻问题中的应用

鉴于有限元算法不能有效地模拟侵彻过程所产生的金属碎片, 本文中基于三维自适应FE-SPH耦合算法的基本理论, 自主开发了模拟多层间隔金属靶侵彻问题的三维FE-SPH耦合计算程序。该程序采用四面体单元对多层间隔金属靶侵彻模型进行初始离散, 计算过程中, 当四面体单元等效塑性应变超过某一设定值时, 单元自动转化为SPH粒子, 并引入有限单元-粒子接触算法和耦合算法, 实现大变形和破碎区域采用SPH方法计算, 克服有限元法单元畸变存在的问题。多层间隔靶侵彻算例分析表明, 三维FE-SPH耦合计算程序采用等效塑性应变作为转化判据计算结果较稳定, 并且能够有效地再现侵彻过程中所产生的碎片, 能够模拟侵彻碎片对后层靶的毁伤效应。     

卵形杆弹对铝靶的斜侵彻

在Lagrange有限元基础上,扼要介绍了一种适用于三维斜侵彻数值模拟计算的滑移面处理技术。该方法放弃了传统滑移计算中从单元的设置,而代之以预设从节点,从而避免三维斜侵彻数值计算中主从单元的相交、滑移面的识别、修正与再定义的困难。在确保计算精度的同时,有效地提高了计算效率。卵形杆弹对铝靶侵彻的系列数值模拟计算表明,无论对于正撞击或斜撞击,本文中所获结果与实验结果都有良好的一致性,这说明本文中所述方法和所建程序的合理性和有效性,为侵彻贯穿过程的数值分析提供了一种实用和有效的手段。     

非线性侵彻动力过程的再生核质点法

通过在再生核质点法中引入Johnson-Cook本构方程及损伤模型,并利用新型的滑移面算法及配 点法解决再生核质点法中的接触面和质点滑移问题,方便实现边界条件和计算过程中质点速度调整。通过侵 彻过程再生核质点法研究,实现了弹丸侵彻靶板过程的模拟分析,避免了有限元法中单元严重变形和破坏过 程的网格重构困难,提高了分析精度和计算速度,可方便模拟侵彻的大变形和高应变率现象。     

弹、塑性弹丸冲击混凝土的滑移面算法及其损伤演化

将有限元方法与光滑粒子动力学方法相结合,编制了弹、塑性弹丸冲击混凝土的计算程序,其中给出具有人工动量输运功能的滑移面算法。计算表明,弹丸按弹、塑性计算与按刚体计算的侵彻过程不同;特别对于壳结构弹体,其冲击速度存在临界值。超过临界冲击速度,弹体将发生较大塑性变形和损伤破坏,而且弹丸侵彻深度不能再随冲击速度增加而有效地增加。弹体损伤区的内损伤演化率与冲击速度有关,当冲击速度增加时损伤演化加快。     

一种新的弹塑性杂交应力元法

本文基于一个改进的弹塑性的Hellinger/Reis■ner 混合变分原理构造了一种用于解弹塑性问题的四节点等参杂交应力元.新的模型中,在单元内增加了等效应力增量、塑性等效应变增量及不协调位移变量,从而使单元内的屈服准则及流动法则平均得到满足,不协调位移改进了单元应力精度.计算表明,新的模型可以提高弹塑性杂交法的精度和计算效率.     

高速碰撞数值模拟中约束滑移线判据的改进

本文对冲塞损伤中约束滑移运动开关作了改进,取塑性应变强度的某一量值作为约束滑移的开关,改进了数值模拟效果,表明它比剪切屈服开关更接近实际物理过程。     

19Mn5钢循环硬化特性与累积等效微观应变分布的有限元分析

本文用改进的空间轴对称大应变有限元程序,对19Mn5钢在低周疲劳下的应力-应变滞后回线以及试样纵截面、横截面内累积等效应变分布和水静应力在纵截面内的分布进行了计算.结果表明:19Mn5钢铁素体内的累积塑性应变和水静应力均高于珠光体,这就从微观上证明了为什么19Mn5钢在低周疲劳下呈现循环硬化,同时为19Mn5钢的微观断裂机制提供了一个清晰的物理图象.     

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对穿甲弹准定常侵彻半无限厚靶 板的问题,提出了一个考虑应变率效应的包括带有蘑菇头的未碎弹体、弹的破碎及扩孔区、 靶的破坏和扩孔区的简化侵彻模型. 通过侵彻过程中简化模型各部分的力学守恒定律,得到 了侵彻问题的简化常微分方程组,并以分析和数值计算相结合的方法分析了弹、靶强度的应 变率效应及弹破碎应变的应变率效应对侵彻效果的影响. 数值计算结果跟实验结果对比基本 一致.     

横向撞击下短梁的剪切破坏研究

应用实验和数值模拟手段研究了 2 0 # 钢梁在横向撞击下的双剪破坏问题。实验中通过测量加速度 ,分析了梁破坏需要吸收的能量 ;数值分析中采用Cauchy应力对数应变Cowper Symonds过应力本构方程模拟材料率相关行为 ,累积塑性应变破坏准则与单元死活技术结合模拟材料弱化行为 ,数值分析给出的结构破坏吸收能量与实验结果基本吻合 ,由计算得到的剪切塑性铰长度与S .B .Menkes等的实验结果基本一致。     

主应力轴旋转下黏土累积变形的分数阶元件模型

在长期交通载荷作用下土体塑性累积变形本构模型对路基沉降计算至为关键.元件组合模型可以计算岩土体循环累积应变,但现有的各类元件模型未能反映饱和软黏土的主应力轴循环旋转现象.在对饱和软黏土进行等向固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转加载试验及非等向固结下的循环扭剪试验基础上,将Abel黏壶代替Burgers模型中的Newton黏壶,得到分数阶Burgers模型;利用遗传算法优化循环塑性累积应变的Burgers模型和分数阶Burgers模型的参数,通过对比两组模型的计算值与试验值,发现分数阶模型更适合模拟计算循环载荷下饱和软黏土的累积变形.     

An elasto-plastic constitutive model with plastic strain rate potentials for anisotropic cubic metals

An elasto-plastic constitutive model with the plastic strain rate potential was developed for finite element analysis. In the model, isotropic-kinematic hardening was incorporated under the plane stress condition for anisotropic sheet cubic metal forming analysis. The formulation is general enough for any homogeneous plastic strain rate potential (with the first-order homogeneous effective strain rate) but the plastic strain rate potential Srp2004-18p was considered here. Attention was focused on the development of the elasto-plastic transition criterion and the effective stress update algorithm. Also, to assure the quadratic convergence rate in Newton’s method, the elasto-plastic tangent modulus was analytically derived. Accuracy and convergence of the stress update algorithm were assessed by the iso-error maps, whereas stability of the algorithm was confirmed by analytical procedure. Validations were performed for the examples of the circular cup drawing, 2D draw-bending and unconstrained cylindrical bending tests, utilizing aluminum sheet alloys.     

爆炸载荷下钢板层裂的二维数值计算

采用二维有限元方法对爆炸载荷下钢板的层裂问题进行数值模拟计算。计算中引入了一种普适的弹塑性本构方程,并采用了损伤积累准则和半解耦的损伤本构模型。结果表明,二维计算的主裂片厚度略小于一维计算,裂片飞散速度要比一维计算低得多,更接近实际结果。     

Anisotropic parameter identification using inhomogeneous tensile test

In this contribution, an inverse identification strategy of constitutive laws for elastoplastic behaviour is presented. The proposed inverse algorithm is composed on an appropriate finite element calculation combined with an optimisation procedure. It is applied to identify material anisotropic coefficients using a set up of easy performed laboratory tests. The used experimental data are the plane tensile test and the off axes tensile tests. The identified behaviour models are mainly based on Hill's quadratic yield criterion. Two cases of this yield criterion have been considered: the transverse isotropic and the orthotropic one under an associated and non-associated flow rule assumptions for each case. The yield surface has been assumed to expand isotropically (isotropic strain hardening law) as a function of the plastic work.In order to better describe anisotropic plastic properties of the studied materials, a recently planar anisotropic yield function is used. It is a non-quadratic yield criterion which takes account of anisotropic yield stresses as well as anisotropic strain ratios. It is subsequently shown that the agreement between inverse identification results and experimental measurements were improved.We prove also that the presented strategy is a good alternative to the simplified homogeneous tests assumption, especially for the plane tensile test.     

循环载荷下随动硬化模型的数值迭代算法

在Von-Mises屈服准则及正交流动准则的前提下,建立了循环载荷下叠加型A-F(Armstrong-Frederick)非线性随动强化模型的迭代算法,并根据塑性应变增量的收敛控制实现内部的平衡迭代。为验证本文数值方法的正确性,以Chaboche和Ohno-Abde-Karim随动硬化模型为例,将本文方法的计算结果与通用有限元软件ANSYS的分析结果及试验数据进行了比较,均吻合良好,验证了本文算法的可靠性。     

Numerical simulation of penetration of aluminum targets by spherical-nose steel rods

Numerical simulations of the penetration processes in aluminium blocks by spherical-nose steel rods were performed in this study. The specific impact configuration of this study involves 152-mm diameter 6061-T651 aluminum bars impacted by spherical-nose projectiles machined from T-200 maraging steel rods at nominal impact velocities between 300 and 1000 m/s. The transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA2D was used for the numerical analysis. The erosion capability in LS-DYNA2D was exercised in conjunction with the maximum equivalent plastic strain criterion to carry out failure simulations in the target. Calculated results were compared to the experimental data. Good correlation was obtained.     

Mesoscale plastic flow generation and development for polycrystals

The traditional yield criteria of plasticity such as Mises, Tresca, etc. make use of averaged macroparameters while mesomechanics consideration is based on the physical notion of plastic deformation mechanisms. They may involve the development of plastic shears on the surfaces and interfaces of internal structure elements involving stress concentration and relaxation. A criterion of plastic flow is proposed; it is based on the stress–strain state in a cell of computational grid as well as in the neighboring cells. An algorithm of plastic shear generation is developed for the progressive propagation of the plastic shears over the crystal. Test calculations of the crystal behavior under tension are made and the results are presented.     

A plasticity model for pressure-dependent anisotropic cellular solids

The initial and subsequent yield surfaces for an anisotropic and pressure-dependent 2D stochastic cellular material, which represents solid foams, are investigated under biaxial loading using finite element analysis. Scalar measures of stress and strain, namely characteristic stress and characteristic strain, are used to describe the constitutive response of cellular material along various stress paths. The coupling between loading path and strain hardening is then investigated in characteristic stress–strain domain. The nature of the flow rule that best describes the plastic flow of cellular solid is also investigated. An incremental plasticity framework is proposed to describe the pressure-dependent plastic flow of 2D stochastic cellular solids. The proposed plasticity framework adopts the anisotropic and pressure-dependent yield function recently introduced by Alkhader and Vural [Alkhader M., Vural M., 2009a. An energy-based anisotropic yield criterion for cellular solids and validation by biaxial FE simulations. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 57(5), 871–890]. It has been shown that the proposed yield function can be simply calibrated using elastic constants and flow stresses under uniaixal loading. Comparison of stress fields predicted by continuum plasticity model to the ones obtained from FE analysis shows good agreement for the range of loading paths and strains investigated.     

梯度塑性的有限元分析及应变局部化模拟

对梯度塑性连续体提出了一个有限元方法．内状态变量的Ｌａｐｌａｃｉａｎ的确定基于它在求积点邻域的最小二乘方多项式近似．具体地考虑了具有一点求积和Ｈｏｕｒｇｌａｓｓ控制特点的基于胡海昌－Ｗａｓｈｉｚｕ变分原理的混合应变元和单元平均意义下的ｖｏｎ－Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服准则．解析地导出了梯度塑性下一致性单元切线刚度矩阵和速率本构方程的一致性积分算法．在所建议的非局部化途径中求积点的一致性条件在非局部化意义下逐点精确满足．数值例题表明所提出的非经典连续体的有限元方法求解应变局部化问题的有效性