长杆和分段杆侵彻的数值模拟

利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,采用Lagrange方法和Johnson-Cook本构模型,对长径比为5的平 头钨合金长杆弹、分段体长径比为1的理想分段杆和带套筒的分段杆侵彻半无限厚钢靶进行了三维数值模 拟。给出了侵彻过程中典型时刻的物理图像,并对3种杆的侵彻性能进行了比较。结果表明:分段杆侵彻深 度的主要贡献在相Ⅲ惯性扩孔阶段而非连续长杆的相Ⅱ准定常侵彻阶段;分段间隔对侵彻深度的增加有显 著影响;套筒的贡献主要在于弹坑直径的增加而对侵深影响微小。     

基于无网格Galerkin法的穿甲侵彻数值模拟

将无网格Galerkin法与LS-DYNA软件相结合,建立了穿甲侵彻的分析模型,对三维球形弹体侵彻双层无限大钢靶板进行了数值模拟,解决了该过程中出现的负体积现象,并将结果与空穴膨胀理论和有限元法进行了对比,所得结果证实了无网格Galerkin法在模拟穿甲侵彻时的可行性与优越性.     

Q235B钢动态本构及在LS-DYNA中的应用

采用万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森拉杆（SHTB）装置,对我国钢结构建筑中最常用的Q235B钢进行准静态拉伸实验、高温拉伸实验和动态拉伸实验。基于实验数据对LS-DYNA常用的3种动态材料模型Cowper-Symonds本构模型、Johnson-Cook本构模型、Zerilli-Armstrong本构模型进行了拟合,通过Taylor杆实验对3种本构模型进行验证和对比分析。结果表明:Q235B钢具有较为明显的高温软化和应变率强化效应;Cowper-Symonds本构模型可以较好地适用于工程领域低速碰撞的模拟;Johnson-Cook本构模型可适用于较大应变率范围内的模拟;不推荐Zerilli-Armstrong本构模型在工程低速碰撞领域中使用。     

Dynamic crushing characteristics of high strength steel cylinders with elliptical geometric discontinuities

Thin-walled members are commonly used as energy absorbers in engineering structures and often contain cutouts. This study performed numerical simulations of high strength steel cylindrical shells with elliptical cutouts subjected to dynamic axial impact. The LS-DYNA code was the primary analytical tool used to analyze the influence of cutout locations, cutout shapes and symmetry of cutout on the energy absorption capabilities and the crush characteristics of tubes with a cutout. For high strength steel tubes made from a rate sensitive material, the stress-strain curves of different strain rates were used to elucidate the effect of dynamic impact on the strain rate. Our results show that collapse crushing behavior is strongly influenced by the location and symmetry of cutouts and the variation of major axis influences the peak crush load.     

A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢板破坏模式的数值分析

不同速度范围内的A3钢钝头弹撞击45钢靶板分别表现为泰勒撞击、向日葵型花瓣帽形失效和靶板冲塞穿甲等3种不同的破坏模式,利用LS-DYNA对这种复杂的破坏机理和相应的影响因素进行了数值模拟研究。采用Johnson-Cook强度模型和累积损伤失效模型描述弹靶材料的力学性能,并考虑了塑性变形的绝热温升效应。数值模拟再现了不同破坏模式的失效过程,得到了与实验一致的结果。研究还指出,弹靶的冲塞穿甲实际是在高速撞击下,弹体发生花瓣帽形变形失效后继续穿甲靶板的后续结果。     

钢筋混凝土穿甲的数值模拟

比较了LS-DYNA中关于钢筋和混凝土相互作用的不同处理方式（即接触方法和耦合方法）对钢筋混凝土穿甲结果的影响。数值模拟S.J.Hanchak 等关于钢筋混凝土靶的穿甲实验,给出了弹靶的变形破坏过程。讨论了穿甲钢筋混凝土靶的撞击位置对终点弹道性能的影响,加深了钢筋对侵彻作用的认识。所确定的数值模拟方法可用于进一步讨论钢筋结构与尺寸、配筋率等参数对侵彻影响等问题的研究。     

动能弹侵彻素混凝土板的数值模拟

用二维梁-颗粒模型BPM2D(Beam-Particle Model in Two Dimensions)模拟了刚性弹体侵彻和贯穿素混凝土板的过程．梁-颗粒模型BPM2D是在离散元法基础上,结合有限元法开发的二维数值计算模型．在模型中用三种类型梁单元形成混凝土数值试样．每种类型梁单元的力学性质均按韦布尔(Weibull)分布随机赋值以模拟混凝土细观结构的非均匀性,同时梁单元的强度随应变率不同而变化．利用此模型分析了弹体侵彻下混凝土板的破坏过程,并给出不同弹体初始速度条件下各时刻混凝土和弹体内部速度场．通过将计算结果与实验数据及LS—DYNA程序模拟结果相比较,表明梁-颗粒模型可有效应用于计算和模拟脆性材料动态破坏问题．     

梁-颗粒模型在混凝土侵彻问题中的应用

用二维梁-颗粒模型BPM2D（beam-particle model in two dimensions）模拟了混凝土侵彻问题。在模型中用3种类型梁单元形成混凝土数值试样。每种类型梁单元的力学性质均按韦伯分布随机赋值来模拟混凝土细观结构的非均匀性。利用此模型对在钢弹侵彻下混凝土圆板的破坏过程进行了数值模拟。通过将计算结果与实验数据及LS-DYNA程序模拟结果比较,表明梁-颗粒模型可有效地应用于计算和模拟材料从连续介质向非连续介质转变的动态破坏问题。     

高强钢及软钢断裂失效行为表征与仿真预测

针对汽车碰撞、结构强度等分析中无法准确模拟高强钢及软钢的断裂失效,研究了高强钢及软钢的断裂失效特性以及其仿真预测方法．以宝钢高强钢HC340/590DP及软钢DC05为研究对象,首先通过不同应变率的拉伸试验和不同应力状态的断裂失效试验,来表征两种钢材的弹塑性及断裂失效行为．并从试验数据中得到LS-DYNA中的Damage Initiation and Evolution Criteria (DIEC)失效模型所需参数,建立失效模型,通过子系统试验及仿真计算对DIEC失效模型进行验证．结果表明基于准确的材料试验数据,正向建立的DIEC失效模型可以准确预测HC340/590D及DC05的断裂失效行为．本研究方法可推广到其他高强钢和软钢的断裂失效仿真预测中．     

基于荷载时程分析法的钢板混凝土结构墙的抗冲击性能敏感性分析

选取由表面钢板、拉结筋、剪力钉及混凝土组成的钢板混凝土结构墙为研究对象,运用经典显式非线性动力分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,基于荷载时程分析法进行了一系列影响钢板混凝土结构墙抗冲击性能的参数敏感性分析。这些参数包括:墙体厚度、钢板厚度、拉结筋直径与间距等。分析结果表明,以上参数均会影响墙体的抗冲击性能,尤其是墙体与钢板的厚度以及拉结筋的间距。本文的研究工作对于核电厂核岛厂房钢板混凝土结构外墙的设计具有一定的指导与参考意义。     

On the deep penetration of deforming long rods

A series of 2D numerical simulations was performed in order to follow various features in the penetration mechanics of deforming long rods. In particular, we were interested in the threshold velocity which marks the transition from rigid to deforming rod and the resulting depths of penetration around this transition velocity. We simulated various cases in which we varied the yield strengths of the rod and the target, as well as their densities and the nose shape of the rod. With the results of these simulations we constructed a rather simple model which accounts for the threshold velocity from rigid to deforming rod behavior. This model’s predictions are in good agreement with both our simulations and with experimental data for various rods and targets.     

A computational model of viscoplasticity and ductile damage for impact and penetration

A coupled constitutive model of viscoplasticity and ductile damage for penetration and impact related problems has been formulated and implemented in the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. The model, which is based on the constitutive model and fracture strain model of Johnson and Cook, and on continuum damage mechanics as proposed by Lemaitre, includes linear thermoelasticity, the von Mises yield criterion, the associated flow rule, non-linear isotropic strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, temperature softening due to adiabatic heating, isotropic ductile damage and failure. For each of the physical phenomena included in the model, one or several material constants are required. However, all material constants can be identified from relatively simple uniaxial tensile tests without the use of numerical simulations. In this paper the constitutive model is described in detail. Then material tests for Weldox 460 E steel and the calibration procedure are presented and discussed. The calibrated model is finally verified and validated through numerical simulations of material and plate perforation tests investigated experimentally.     

Deformation and Failure Modes of Soft Steel Projectiles Impacting Harder Steel Targets at Increasing Velocity

The present paper describes an experimental and numerical study concerning the impact of blunt steel projectiles against harder steel plates, at impact velocities between 200 and 800 m/s. In contrast with previously published observations, three modes of deformation and failure of the soft steel projectiles were observed in the present study. These included: Taylor cylinder mushrooming, sunflower-like petalling and plugging perforation. Individual velocity ranges and the transitions between the deformation/failure modes are identified by both experiments and numerical simulations. Complex material failure mechanisms of projectile and target play conflicting roles in the various penetration stages. Johnson–Cook models of strength and accumulative damage failure are employed in 3D numerical simulation to describe material behavior of both projectile and target. Computational evolutions of each scenario are offered in detail to understand the deformation and failure of projectile and target plate.     

基于气炮实验的PTFE/Al复合材料冲击反应阈值

基于16 mm口径气炮撞击实验,对铝颗粒增强的聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene)/Al(PTFE/Al)冲击反应复合材料的冲击反应阈值开展了研究。为研究不同撞击加载条件下应变率和碰撞应力对PTFE/Al冲击诱发反应的影响,实验中采用铝、钢和低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene, LDPE)这3种不同材料的靶板及不同长度的试样,进行不同加载条件下的测试分析。实验结果显示,PTFE/Al材料的冲击诱发同时受到碰撞压力和加载应变率的影响。同时,通过对试样撞靶过程进行数值模拟,并与实验和理论结果进行对比。基于实验数据,拟合出PTFE/Al材料冲击反应的的预测曲线。     

基于SHPB的UHPC冲击试验径向惯性效应分析

为探讨UHPC试件惯性效应对SHPB加载过程的影响，采用大型有限元分析软件LS-DYNA从试件直径、长径比以及恒应变率加载等角度出发，开展了相应的数值模拟与分析。通过对软件中Karagozian-Case-Concrete (KCC)损伤模型参数取值进行优化，建立了基于SHPB技术的UHPC材料冲击压缩数值模型并与试验验证。在此基础上，开展不同UHPC试件直径、长径比以及有无整形器下的参数分析，探讨其对SHPB试验中径向惯性效应的影响。结果表明:(1)为实现加载过程中一维应力传播和UHPC试件应力平衡，试件直径建议按0.90～0.95倍杆件直径取值；(2) UHPC试件长径比对试件加载过程中的应力平衡影响较小，但综合试件中钢纤维分布均匀性以及破坏前一维应力传播，建议按0.35～0.45取值；(3)实现恒应变率加载是UHPC材料在SHPB冲击试验中消除径向惯性效应的重要前提。     

球形弹丸作用下钢/铝爆炸复合靶的抗侵彻性能

采用14.5 mm滑膛枪发射直径6 mm的钢质球形弹丸对双层钢/铝、3层钢/铝/钢爆炸复合靶进行侵彻实验,借助LS-DYNA3D非线性有限元程序进行数值模拟,应用固连-失效模型反映层间结合,分析了不同组合形式对靶板抗侵彻性能的影响,并对毁伤机理进行初步分析.结果表明:靶板总厚度一定时,3层靶的抗侵彻性能优于双层靶;双层...     

竹质框架模型受侧向冲击测试及分析简

针对第六届全国大学生结构设计竞赛命题要求设计一个四层缩尺竹质吊脚楼框架,测试其在侧向冲击载荷作用下的加速度响应. 采用有限元软件LS-DYNA,对模型进行模拟分析. 结果表明,有限元计算与加载测试所得的加速度时程曲线吻合较好. 以该模型为基础进行参数分析,结果表明随拉带初始松弛量增大、撞击板质量减小,结构加速度响应增大;相较入射球质量,入射球速度对结构峰值加速度的影响更敏感,随入射球速度增大,结构峰值加速度增大.     

A study of localisation in dual-phase high-strength steels under dynamic loading using digital image correlation and FE analysis

Tensile tests were conducted on dual-phase high-strength steel in a Split-Hopkinson Tension Bar at a strain-rate in the range of 150–600/s and in a servo-hydraulic testing machine at a strain-rate between 10^?3 and 10⁰/s. A novel specimen design was utilized for the Hopkinson bar tests of this sheet material. Digital image correlation was used together with high-speed photography to study strain localisation in the tensile specimens at high rates of strain. By using digital image correlation, it is possible to obtain in-plane displacement and strain fields during non-uniform deformation of the gauge section, and accordingly the strains associated with diffuse and localised necking may be determined. The full-field measurements in high strain-rate tests reveal that strain localisation started even before the maximum load was attained in the specimen. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model is used to predict the observed stress–strain behaviour and strain localisation for the dual-phase steel. Numerical simulations of dynamic tensile tests were performed using the non-linear explicit FE code LS-DYNA. Simulations were done with shell (plane stress) and brick elements. Good correlation between experiments and numerical predictions was achieved, in terms of engineering stress–strain behaviour, deformed geometry and strain fields. However, mesh density plays a role in the localisation of deformation in numerical simulations, particularly for the shell element analysis.     

杆系结构受横向冲击载荷下弹性波传播的实验研究

利用 Ｓ Ｈ Ｐ Ｂ装置,用空气枪加载就 ３５ Ｃｒ Ｍｎ Ｓｉ钢组成的 Ｌ型杆系结构受横向冲击载荷作用的弹性波传播进行了实验研究,给出了一些力学现象,并与轴向冲击的实验进行了对比,得到了有益的结论。