Some new fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces

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A Uniform Exponential Spectrum for Linear Flows on Vector Bundles

For linear flows on vector bundles we define a uniform exponential spectrum. For a compact invariant set for the projected flow we obtain this spectrum by taking all accumulation points for the time tending to infinity of the union over the finite time exponential growth rates for all initial values in this set. Using direct arguments we show that for a connected compact invariant set this spectrum is a closed interval whose boundary points are Lyapunov exponents. For a compact invariant set on which the flow is chain transitive we show that this spectrum coincides with the Morse spectrum. In particular, this approach admits a straightforward analytic proof for the regularity and continuity properties of the Morse spectrum without using cohomology or ergodicity results.     

EKELAND’S VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND CARISTI’S COINCIDENCE THEOREM FOR SET-VALUED MAPPINGS IN PROBABILISTIC METRIC SPACES

By using the partial ordering method,a more general type,of Ekeland’s ariational principle and a set-valued Caristi’s coincidence theorem in probabilistic metric spaces are obtained.In addition,a direct simple proof of the equivalence between these two theorems in probabilistic metric spaces is given.     

GENERAL RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREM AND ITS APPLICATIONS

In this paper,we obtain a general random fixed point theorem which generalizes the main results of Engle[4,7] and Bocsan[8]. The usefulness of this theorem seems to lie in the fact that unlike many random fixed point theorems obtained by using special methods[1,4,5-13] can be proved by using out general theorem (Theorem 1 and Corollaries 1 and 2). Finally,we indicate some possible applications of our results to nonlinear random integral and differential equations.     

The Principal Floquet Bundle and Exponential Separation for Linear Parabolic Equations

We consider linear nonautonomous second order parabolic equations on bounded domains subject to Dirichlet boundary condition. Under mild regularity assumptions on the coefficients and the domain, we establish the existence of a principal Floquet bundle exponentially separated from a complementary invariant bundle. Our main theorem extends in a natural way standard results on principal eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of elliptic and time-periodic parabolic equations. Similar theorems were earlier available only for smooth domains and coefficients. As a corollary of our main result, we obtain the uniqueness of positive entire solutions of the equations in     

Negatively Invariant Sets and Entire Solutions

Negatively invariant compact sets of autonomous and nonautonomous dynamical systems on a metric space, the latter formulated in terms of processes, are shown to contain a strictly invariant set and hence entire solutions. For completeness the positively invariant case is also considered. Both discrete and continuous time systems are considered. In the nonautonomous case, the various types of invariant sets are in fact families of subsets of the state space that are mapped onto each other by the process. A simple example shows the usefulness of the result for showing the occurrence of a bifurcation in a nonautonomous system.     

Random fixed point theorems for commuting random operators in probabilistic functional analysis

Random fixed point theorems are of fundamental importance in probabilistic functional analysis. In complete separable metric space random fixed point theorems have been discussed by Bharucha-Reidf1/27, Hans[3], Itohf4,5J and the author’s papers[15-20].In this paper we obtain a random fixed point theorem for commuting random operators in probabilistic functional analysis. Our results generalize some important results also extend and unify some results in Jungck[6,7,8]t Das and Naiki[9] as well as Bhoades[10] adn ciric[11].     

Variation transforming analysis (II)

This paper introduces some related concepts of pansystems analysis (such as pansystem, pansystem space, pansystem logic space, pometric pansystem, etc), and develops the convex set theory, Banach's theorem of completeness, Lax equivalence theory, theorems of Kuhn-Tucker type and Dubovitsky-Milutin type into the pometric (partial ordered metric) pansystem forms, they are different from traditional results. Furthermore, the general stability of operator equations and MSP transforming principles of approximation are investigated.     

Velocity-based reciprocal theorems in elastodynamics and BIEM implementation issues

Reciprocal theorems in elastodynamics are introduced as extensions of respective theorems from elastostatics. Inasmuch as the latter is a subset of the former, the aim here is to present an elastodynamic reciprocal theorem that also includes elastostatics as a special case when the time variable becomes irrelevant. This is accomplished by introducing a velocity-based reciprocal theorem, whose basic properties are subsequently explored. The next step is to use this theorem and formulate a numerical approach based on boundary integral equation statements and compare them with existing formulations based on conventional reciprocity relations. The applications presented here involve the standard mechanical oscillator and the unidimensional axial element as two simple, yet important problems of structural dynamics. Along with the numerical results, a thorough stability analysis of the corresponding time-stepping algorithms is formulated. In both cases, the superior performance of the methodologies built on velocity-based reciprocal theorems is clearly demonstrated.     

Extinction Versus Persistence in Strong Oscillating Flows

In this paper, we give some conditions for finite-time extinction or persistence of the solutions of diffusion–advection equations in strong and oscillating flows under Dirichlet boundary conditions. The enhancement of the diffusion rate depends on the interplay between strong advection and time-homogenization, and in particular on the ratio between the strength of the flow and its frequency parameter. Quantitative estimates of this ratio, which depend on the geometry of the domain, are provided in the case of a uniform flow. In the general time–space dependent case, the finite-time behavior of the solutions is related to the existence of first integrals of the flow.     

Finite-time stability with respect to a closed invariant set for a class of discontinuous systems

This paper discusses the problem of finite-time stability with respect to a closed, but not necessarily compact, invariant set for a class of nonlinear systems with discontinuous right-hand sides in the sense of the Filippov solutions. When the Lyapunov function is Lipschitz continuous and regular, the Lyapunov theorem on finite-time stability with respect to a closed invariant set is presented.     

FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR FUZZY MAPPINGS IN PROBABILISTIC METRIC SPACES

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Ergodic theorem for infinite iterated function systems

1IntroductionandProblem IteratedFunctionSystems(IFS)theorycanbesaidtobethecontinuationanddevelopment ofdynamicalsystemtheory.DynamicalsystemstheorydealswithiterationofonemapbutIFS theorydealswithiterationofmanymaps. IFStheory’srootwasveryearlybutthebeginningofactivedevelopmentwasHutchinson’s paper(1981).Heresearchedselfsimilarityoffractalsetsusingsystemoffinitenumberofsimilar contractionmapsofRn.Barnsleycalledafinitesetofcontractionmappsasaniteratedfunction systemsandsystemizedIFStheo…     

Invariant Measures for Dissipative Systems and Generalised Banach Limits

Inspired by a theory due to Foias and coworkers (see, for example, Foias et al. Navier–Stokes equations and turbulence, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001) and recent work of Wang (Disc Cont Dyn Sys 23:521–540, 2009), we show that the generalised Banach limit can be used to construct invariant measures for continuous dynamical systems on metric spaces that have compact attracting sets, taking limits evaluated along individual trajectories. We also show that if the space is a reflexive separable Banach space, or if the dynamical system has a compact absorbing set, then rather than taking limits evaluated along individual trajectories, we can take an ensemble of initial conditions: the generalised Banach limit can be used to construct an invariant measure based on an arbitrary initial probability measure, and any invariant measure can be obtained in this way. We thus propose an alternative to the classical Krylov–Bogoliubov construction, which we show is also applicable in this situation.     

NEW VERSION OF KKMTHEOREM IN PROBABILISTIC METRIC SPACES WITH APPLICATIONS

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Fixed points of nonexpansive mappings on star-shaped subsets of a convex metric space

In this paper, we give some characteristic properties of star-shaped sets which include a subset of a convex metric space. Using the characteristic properties, we discuss the existence problems of fixed points of nonexpansive type mappings on star-shaped subsets of convex metric spaces, which generalize the recent results obtained by Ding Xie-ping, Beg and Azam. Finally, we give an example which shows that our generalizations are essential.     

NEW COLLECTIVELY FIXED POINT THEOREMS AND APPLICATIONS IN G-CONVEX SPACES

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Study of a staggered fourth‐order compact scheme for unsteady incompressible viscous flows

The objective of this paper is the development and assessment of a fourth‐order compact scheme for unsteady incompressible viscous flows. A brief review of the main developments of compact and high‐order schemes for incompressible flows is given. A numerical method is then presented for the simulation of unsteady incompressible flows based on fourth‐order compact discretization with physical boundary conditions implemented directly into the scheme. The equations are discretized on a staggered Cartesian non‐uniform grid and preserve a form of kinetic energy in the inviscid limit when a skew‐symmetric form of the convective terms is used. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated in several inviscid and viscous flow problems. Results obtained with different combinations of second‐ and fourth‐order spatial discretizations and together with either the skew‐symmetric or divergence form of the convective term are compared. The performance of these schemes is further demonstrated by two challenging flow problems, linear instability in plane channel flow and a two‐dimensional dipole–wall interaction. Results show that the compact scheme is efficient and that the divergence and skew‐symmetric forms of the convective terms produce very similar results. In some but not all cases, a gain in accuracy and computational time is obtained with a high‐order discretization of only the convective and diffusive terms. Finally, the benefits of compact schemes with respect to second‐order schemes is discussed in the case of the fully developed turbulent channel flow. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A theorem for the plastic design of regular twistless grids under continuous transverse loading

A theorem estimating the collapse load of twistless orthotropic grillages of regular formation with any combination of boundary support conditions along the sides of a parallelogram and carrying a continuous distribution of normal nodal loading over the entire surface of the grillage is presented. The validity and the uniqueness of the proposed theorem are established by the upper and the lower bound theorems of the plastic methods of structural analysis in conjunction with the techniques of the finite difference calculus. It is shown by use of this theorem that the previously difficult grillage problems can be solved in a very simple and efficient manner. As practical examples of the applications of the theorem, solutions to the collapse of regular grids under uniform transverse pressure with all possible combinations of boundary support conditions have been presented in tabular form.     

Unsteady flow of a fourth-grade fluid due to an oscillating plate

The governing non-linear high-order, sixth-order in space and third-order in time, differential equation is constructed for the unsteady flow of an incompressible conducting fourth-grade fluid in a semi-infinite domain. The unsteady flow is induced by a periodically oscillating two-dimensional infinite porous plate with suction/blowing, located in a uniform magnetic field. It is shown that by augmenting additional boundary conditions at infinity based on asymptotic structures and transforming the semi-infinite physical space to a bounded computational domain by means of a coordinate transformation, it is possible to obtain numerical solutions of the non-linear magnetohydrodynamic equation. In particular, due to the unsymmetry of the boundary conditions, in numerical simulations non-central difference schemes are constructed and employed to approximate the emerging higher-order spatial derivatives. Effects of material parameters, uniform suction or blowing past the porous plate, exerted magnetic field and oscillation frequency of the plate on the time-dependent flow, especially on the boundary layer structure near the plate, are numerically analysed and discussed. The flow behaviour of the fourth-grade non-Newtonian fluid is also compared with those of the Newtonian fluid.