挖掘机工作载荷谱识别方法研究

为了快速准确地识别挖掘机等工程机械的工作载荷谱，基于时域内动应变响应与载荷的关系，提出一种新的工作载荷谱识别方法．首先，采集工作中的挖掘机结构上若干测点工作应变谱；其次建立有限元模型，通过有限元方法计算挖掘机在各种可能外载的单位载荷下的应变；最后，建立实测响应与数值模拟测点单位应变之间的关系，通过时间迭代求解结构响应与载荷间关系的线性方程组得到工作载荷谱．为说明方法的实用性和有效性，通过在结构上选择的7个基底测点的假设应变谱和数值模拟单位应变，获得挖掘机样机的工作载荷谱．文章最后讨论了在本文所提方法基础之上求解结构关键位置疲劳应力的方法．     

基于疲劳传感器的大型桥梁载荷谱检测研究

提出基于同一倍增器上双疲劳计的桥梁载荷谱检测方法,将疲劳传感器上两个疲劳计以不同方向粘贴得到不同放大系数,由恒幅标定数据和等效原理用插值方法得到复杂加载下疲劳响应计算方法,并根据桥梁载荷谱的瑞利分布特点,得到该分布下的疲劳响应计算方法.采用倍增器的双疲劳计结构设计,利用疲劳计响应的非线性特性,得到疲劳传感器电阻变化与桥梁瑞利载荷谱的对应关系.本文疲劳试验表明,试验载荷谱与预测载荷谱相当吻合,所设计的疲劳传感器性能良好,能够满足桥梁疲劳载荷检测要求.该传感器的检测原理提供了一种新的工程疲劳检测方法,它较目前采用的其它方法效率高、精度好,适用于长期疲劳监测.     

载荷偏心对连接件疲劳性能的影响分析

采用有限元法与工程梁理论混合分析方法 ,对偏心载荷作用下的连接件结构进行了细节应力分析 ,确立了其疲劳危险部位。并采用应力严重系数法估算了其疲劳寿命。最后应用模拟结构进行了实验研究 ,结果表明与理论分析吻合良好     

考虑日历环境影响的结构日历寿命研究

为科学地确定飞机结构的日历寿命，本文认为飞机结构的损伤历程是地面停放环境和空中疲劳载荷协同作用的结果，并提出以动态的S－N曲线为基础，采用传统的名义应力法和Miner累积损伤理论来估算结构日历寿命的方法。     

基于实测荷载的铁路钢桁梁桥疲劳可靠性评估

为了对钢桁梁桥疲劳进行评估,引入可靠性理论,提出了基于实测荷载的桥梁疲劳可靠性评估方法。根据某铁路钢桁梁桥实测车辆荷载数据,建立了随机车辆荷载模型。并在考虑车辆荷载随机性的基础上,结合Monte-Carlo法与有限元,分析了钢桁梁桥构件疲劳应力谱,计算了构件疲劳可靠性随时间的变化,并探讨了车辆荷载及荷载效应变异性对构件疲劳可靠性的影响,最后采用β约界法与静力分析法对钢桁梁桥系统疲劳可靠性进行了研究。结果表明,基于随机车辆荷载的构件疲劳应力谱呈现单峰分布;构件疲劳可靠性随运营时间的增加而减小;车辆荷载的增长及荷载效应变异性的增加对构件疲劳可靠性影响较大,当车辆荷载增长率和等效应力变异系数分别增加到5%时,构件疲劳寿命大幅减小;β约界法结合静力分析法可快速确定钢桁梁桥失效模式,桥梁系统疲劳寿命小于构件疲劳寿命。总的来看,基于实测荷载的钢桁梁桥疲劳可靠性评估方法能有效地利用监测数据,对桥梁疲劳评估具有良好的适用性。     

一种考虑非比例附加损伤的多轴低周疲劳模型

在实际工作环境中,机械结构往往承受着多轴非比例循环载荷.相比多轴比例循环加载,多轴非比例循环加载由于产生了附加强化现象,造成机械结构疲劳寿命下降.通过分析薄壁圆筒管件在非比例加载工况下应力应变变化规律和发生破坏位置,本文基于临界面法提出一种考虑多轴非比例附加损伤的疲劳模型.该模型将最大剪切应变幅平面作为临界面,提出一个新的附加强化因子,结合临界面上切应变幅和正应变幅组成新的多轴疲劳损伤参量.此参量不仅考虑了非比例加载下临界面上正应变幅和切应变幅对材料造成的疲劳损伤,还考虑到应变路径的变化和材料非比例加载敏感特性对材料疲劳寿命的影响.考虑到实际情况下模型所需材料附加强化系数有时难以获得的情况,给出了材料附加强化系数的有关近似计算公式.只需要材料基本力学参数便可得到材料附加强化系数,方便工程实际应用.采用8种材料的多轴疲劳寿命数据对提出的新模型进行检验,结果表明所提出的新模型与传统多轴疲劳模型相比预测寿命精度更高.      

薄壁圆管空间结构的热疲劳可靠性分析

针对薄壁圆管的空间结构,分析其在交变热载荷下的疲劳可靠性问题。为同时考虑由截面平均温度和截面温差造成的疲劳损伤,提出了综合利用剩余强度和疲劳累积损伤模型的分析方法。首先根据疲劳累积损伤相等原理,将截面温差造成的多级扰动应力载荷作用频次等效为平均温度下的常幅应力载荷作用次数,从而将两者产生的热应力载荷统一为一常幅载荷,再利用剩余强度模型基于动态应力-强度干涉理论对疲劳可靠度进行分析,得到了结构在综合考虑两种热疲劳状态下的动态可靠度。本方法可避免直接利用疲劳累积损伤理论临界损伤值难以确定的问题,且能体现金属疲劳损伤的真实情况。最后以哈勃望远镜为例,分析了其主梁随疲劳热载荷循环作用下的动态可靠度,得出了一些有意义的结论。     

Fatigue crack growth behavior of Al7050-T7451 attachment lugs under flight spectrum variation

This paper discusses an analytical and experimental investigations of the fatigue crack growth behavior in attachment lugs subjected to a randomized flight-by-flight spectrum. In the analysis, the stress intensity factors for through-the-thickness cracks initiating from lug holes were compared by weight function method, boundary element method (BEM), the interpolation of Brussat’s solution. The stress intensity factors of a corner crack at a transition region were obtained using two parameter weight function method and correction factors. Fatigue life under a load spectrum was predicted using stress intensity factors and Willenborg retardation model considering the effects of a tensile overload. Experiments were performed under a load spectrum and compared with the fatigue life prediction using the stress intensity factors by different methods. Changes of fatigue life and aspect ratio according to the clipping level of the spectrum were discussed through experiment and prediction. Effect of the spectrum clipping level on the fatigue life was experimentally evaluated by using beach marks of fractured surface.     

基于美国ASME标准的重载货车车体焊缝疲劳寿命预测

为寻求在设计阶段能较准确地预测重载货车车体焊缝的疲劳寿命评估方法,基于各种标准提供的分析方法对转炉616装甲钢T型焊接接头进行疲劳评估,通过与试验的对比表明,美国ASME标准中的等效结构应力法更能准确预测焊缝的疲劳寿命。为提高某重载运煤敞车车体焊缝的疲劳寿命,建立了包括焊缝在内的敞车车体有限元模型,基于等效结构应力法和AAR标准中的载荷谱,预测了车体关键焊缝的疲劳寿命,其薄弱部位与车体实际发生疲劳裂纹部位基本吻合,依据焊缝的结构应力分布规律的特点,提出的枕梁改进结构可使车体关键焊缝疲劳寿命提高1.7倍。     

Acoustic-emission fatigue analyzer

A new technique has been developed for acoustic-emission fatigue monitoring which facilitates the interpretation of dynamic micromechanical failure processes in materials, through the use of a new method for data presentation. In contrast to conventional acoustic-emission fatigue records in which the emission rate is plotted as a function of the number of fatigue cycles, the new technique produces a graph in which each acoustic event is plotted within a coordinate system of load vs. number of cycles. This approach results in the simultaneous recording of the relationship between sample load, acoustic-emission rate and number of fatigue cycles. Monitoring of 300M steel has established that it is possible to distinguish between fatigue-crack propagation, fatigue-crack closure and testing-machine noise using a single transducer.     

海洋平台K型管节点的疲劳裂纹扩展分析Ⅰ:试验测试

对承受疲劳载荷的海洋平台K型管节点首先进行了静力测试,确定了沿着焊缝的热应力区的应力分布及热应力区最大应力点的位置,从而判断裂纹产生的位置;然后通过专用测试设备提供循环疲劳载荷,用ACPD(Alternating Current Potential Drop,即交流电流势能落差法)技术检测裂纹的产生和增长过程,得到裂纹最深点,用S-N曲线估算其疲劳寿命。对已有裂纹的K型管节点,用应力强度因子估计其剩余寿命。同时用测试的结果验证了S-N的准确性和可靠性。     

模糊桁架结构在模糊激励下的动力响应分析

研究了模糊参数桁架结构在模糊荷载激励下的动力响应分析问题. 不仅模糊桁架结构的物 理参数、几何尺寸具有模糊性，而且外载荷幅值也具有模糊性时，从Duhamel积分式出发，利用模糊因子法、区间运算和振型叠加法求出了结构动力响应模糊变量的表达式. 最后通过算例考察了结构参数和作用荷载的模糊性对结构动力响应的影响，表明所提出的计算模型和 分析方法是正确与可行的.     

The mechanical behavior of a wire rope with an independent wire rope core

A new model for simulating the mechanical response of a wire rope with an independent wire rope core is presented. The rope is subjected to both an axial load and an axial torque. In contrast with previous models that consider the effective response of wound strands, the present model fully considers the double-helix configuration of individual wires within the wound strand. This enables to directly relate the wire level stress to the overall load applied at the rope level. The model assumes a fiber response of individual wires. Two alternative kinematics of the wires are considered, and are used to predict the elastic response of the rope. The postulated kinematics are theoretically validated and the predicted rope response is in agreement with new experimental data. The new model enables the extraction of the stress at the wire level that can be used in turn to estimate global features of the rope such as force interaction between wires, rope stiffness, strength, and fatigue life.     

Establishing strain response model of vibrational structure by strain modal analysis approach

An analysis of the stress field under a dynamic load in strength design and fatigue life estimation is a topic of great importance. Based on the theory of vibrational displacement modal analysis, the principle and techniques of vibrational strain modal analysis are developed. The peculiarities of the strain transfer function matrix, the test approaches of it and the relation with the displacement transfer function are expounded. Resistance strain gauges are used to measure the strain transfer function and the modal parameters are identified on this basis. After that, the strain response expression and thereby the stress response expression are obtained.     

精细积分法应用于地震碰撞力反应谱计算研究

相邻结构的碰撞时程分析是计算地震碰撞力反应谱的基础。结构碰撞时程分析要求采用稳定性好、精度高及计算效率高的数值分析方法。精细积分法将二阶动力微分方程通过增元降阶的方式转换成Hamilton对偶变量体系,得到了动力微分方程的精确解。基于此,本文将精细积分法引入结构碰撞时程分析及地震碰撞力反应谱计算中。在推导精细积分法公式的基础上,在MATLAB环境下编制了结构碰撞时程分析程序和碰撞力反应谱计算程序,并实现了碰撞力反应谱程序的并行化。经算例验证,精细积分法应用于结构碰撞时程分析及地震碰撞力反应谱计算是可行的,程序计算结果准确。     

The evolution of crystalline stresses of a polycrystalline metal during cyclic loading

The presence of a positive average applied stress during cyclic uniaxial loading leads to a reduction in fatigue life of metallic parts. The metals are typically polycrystalline, with stresses varying from crystal to crystal due to differences in lattice orientation and slip system strength. Simulations enable us to better understand how polycrystals behave under cyclic loading and how the changing stress over many cycles influences fatigue life. Specifically, uniaxial cyclic simulations of pre-strained HY100 steel were conducted using an elastic viscoplastic continuum slip model employing a Taylor hypothesis. Stress-controlled loading conditions were employed to mimic fatigue tests on cold-bent bar specimens for three different load levels. The macroscopic axial strains and the crystal axial stresses were monitored during the cycles. The stress–strain response for the first cycle was used to determine the load input for the material point simulations. The peak values of crystal axial stress were found to evolve continuously with the number of loading cycles. It was found that the stress change in a crystal is influenced not only by its own orientation but also by the orientations of the other crystals in the aggregate. Furthermore, the distribution of crystal stresses after thousands of cycles at a lower stress amplitude closely resembled the distribution after tens of cycles at a larger stress amplitude.     

谐振载荷作用下工程结构振动疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学-有限元法

建立了预估谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳寿命的损伤力学-有限元方法。首先根据损伤热力学原理,构建了损伤演化方程,建立光滑试件在恒幅应变交变载荷作用下寿命预估方法;进一步由损伤力学守恒积分原理,得到恒幅重复载荷作用下应力与寿命的关系式;然后根据标准件疲劳试验结果,拟合得到损伤演化方程中的材质参数;最后利用APDL语言编程对ANSYS软件进行了二次开发,借助ANSYS软件对谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行预估。作为算例,本文利用该方法预估了LC9CgS1铝合金梁谐振载荷作用下疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

FATIGUE LIFE ANALYSIS OF BONDED OFFSHORE LOADING HOSE UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS1)

海上漂浮软管是浮式生产储卸油装置上外输系统的关键设备.漂浮软管结构复杂且常年漂浮于海面上,极易受到风、浪、流等环境载荷的作用产生疲劳破坏而造成原油泄漏.首先,采用ABAQUS软件,建立了软管的有限元模型,得到了漂浮软管在弯矩和内压作用下的有限元结果;其次,采用水平方向的Morison方程和风载荷来描述漂浮软管在海面上复杂的载荷情况;再次,将静力学分析结果导入到FE-Safe疲劳分析软件中,将节点应力结果作为时间载荷历程,乘以相应的载荷倍数,得到疲劳分析的载荷谱,载入此载荷谱计算,得到了漂浮软管的寿命分布云图,其最小寿命满足工程要求;最后,分析了内压对疲劳寿命的影响,结果表明,一定大小的内压能提高软管的疲劳性能.     

Influence of sliding interfaces on the response of a layered viscoelastic medium under a moving load

This article presents a method to compute the response of a viscoelastic layered half-space to a moving load when interlayer slip is considered. The Navier equations of equilibrium are solved for each layer in the frequency domain. The solution in the spatial coordinate system is subsequently obtained by means of Fast Fourier Transform and quadrature rules applied to integrable singularities. Following the global solution technique, the developed method compiles all the interface and the boundary conditions within a global matrix and it solves a unique linear system per couple of wave numbers. This method proves to be effective and is validated in an elastic case by comparison with the ALIZE-LCPC software that implements the Burmister axisymmetric solution. The influence of the interface sliding condition on the response of a layered viscoelastic medium is studied through an application to pavement structures. In this application, the effect of the load speed on vertical and horizontal profiles of the longitudinal strain and the normal stress is analyzed. It is shown, inter alia, that the maximum extension in the medium is not systematically observed at the location of an interface and that, as expected, low speeds and interlayer slip are more damaging to the structure when either a strain or a stress criterion is considered.