纤维增强橡胶复合材料界面力学性能有限元分析

基于剪滞理论,引入双线性内聚力模型研究了纤维与基体界面应力传递机理．采用ABAQUS模拟了非理想界面在单纤维拔出过程中的脱粘失效,分析了不同脱粘阶段界面剪应力分布情况,以及界面刚度和纤维长径比对界面应力传递和拔出载荷的影响规律．结果表明,在纤维受载失效过程中,纤维的拔出过程可分为4个阶段,即界面的完全粘结、损伤演化、逐渐脱粘、完全脱粘．界面的刚度和纤维长径比对界面应力传递与最大拔出力均有一定的影响．界面刚度、纤维长径比主要影响纤维的最大拔出载荷以及界面脱粘失效位移．     

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线模型研究

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始加载到疲劳峰值应力时, 基体出现裂纹, 纤维/基体界面发生脱粘. 在疲劳载荷作用下, 纤维相对基体在界面脱粘区往复滑移使得陶瓷基复合材料出现疲劳迟滞现象. 建立了纤维陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线细观力学模型, 采用断裂力学方法确定了初始加载纤维/基体界面脱粘长度、卸载界面反向滑移长度与重新加载新界面滑移长度, 分析了4种不同界面滑移情况的疲劳迟滞回线. 假设正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线主要受0°铺层、轴向纱线内纤维/基体界面滑移的影响, 预测了单向、正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料在不同峰值应力与不同循环的疲劳迟滞回线, 与试验结果吻合.      

INVESTIGATION ON FATIGUE HYSTERESIS LOOPS MODELS OF FIBRE-REINFORCED CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES

纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始加载到疲劳峰值应力时, 基体出现裂纹, 纤维/基体界面发生脱粘. 在疲劳载荷作用下, 纤维相对基体在界面脱粘区往复滑移使得陶瓷基复合材料出现疲劳迟滞现象. 建立了纤维陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线细观力学模型, 采用断裂力学方法确定了初始加载纤维/基体界面脱粘长度、卸载界面反向滑移长度与重新加载新界面滑移长度, 分析了4种不同界面滑移情况的疲劳迟滞回线. 假设正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线主要受0°铺层、轴向纱线内纤维/基体界面滑移的影响, 预测了单向、正交铺设与编织陶瓷基复合材料在不同峰值应力与不同循环的疲劳迟滞回线, 与试验结果吻合.     

纤维／基体界面裂纹扩展断裂能

本文通过研究纤维／基体界面裂纹断裂能，分析了几种界面脱粘断裂功的理论表达式；着重研究了单纤维拔出试验中界面残余压应力及界面摩擦对界面裂纹能量释放率的重要性．     

一种新的界面脱粘和纤维拔出模型

对纤维增强复合材料中界面的脱粘和纤维的拔出行为进行了研究,通过纤维间距d来考虑纤维之间的相互影响,改变脱粘段的剪切强度和粘结段的临界能量释放率,推导出了纤维拉拔荷载和纤维脱粘长度之间的变化关系,与StangH的模型进行了对比,当纤维间距较大时,纤维之间的相互影响相对较小,此时与StangH的单根纤维拉拔情况较为相符,但当纤维间距较小时,由于临近纤维的影响,使得在相同脱粘长度的情况下,纤维拉拔荷载和纤维拔出端位移有减小的趋势,改变复合材料板层的厚度,由于影响了基体的变形,界面的脱粘和纤维的拔出行为也受到了相应的影响。     

纤维段裂试验的界面端应力奇异性研究

纤维段裂试验是测定纤维复合材料界面剪切强度的细观实验方法之一，其试验结果与其他三种细观试验方法(纤维拔出、纤维压人和微珠脱粘)测得的结果各不相符，相差较大。针对该问题，仔细研究了纤维段裂试验过程，可发现如下两个问题，首先是试件中纤维断裂造成的界面端应力奇异性问题；其次是纤维断成临界长度时界面是否脱粘的问题。针对界面端应力奇异性问题，本文建立了界面端轴对称分析模型，运用渐近展开法，推导出求解界面端特征值的特征方程，并由此得到应力奇异性指数随Dundurs常数的变化规律；采用文献[5]所用试件的纤维／基体性能数据，计算出了界面端的应力奇异性指数，并与文献[7]得到的其他三种试验的界面端应力奇异性指数进行比较，发现纤维段裂试件也存在界面端应力奇异性，而且应力奇异性最强，也说明了与其他三种试验结果不具可比性。本文还对纤维断成临界长度时界面是否脱粘的问题，进行了讨论。     

界面脱粘对陶瓷基复合材料疲劳迟滞回线的影响

采用细观力学方法对脆性纤维增强的陶瓷基复合材料拉-拉疲劳载荷下应力-应变迟滞回线进行了研究,将拉梅公式与库仑摩擦法则相结合分析了界面脱粘区以及粘结区复合材料细观应力场.根据卸载与重新加载时纤维相对基体滑移机制,分析了加卸载纤维轴向应力分布,结合断裂力学界面脱粘准则确定了初始加载界面脱粘长度ls、卸载界面反向滑移长度y以及重新加载界面滑移长度z',讨论了界面脱粘能和界面摩擦系数对初始界面脱粘、卸载界面反向滑移、重新加载界面滑移以及加卸载迟滞回线的影响.并与Pryce-Smith模型和试验数据进行对比表明:该文模型与试验曲线吻合的较好.     

纤维复合材料界面横向拉伸分析

以单纤维十字型横向拉伸试验为研究对象,对纤维/基体界面采用弹性-软化双线性内聚力模型,建立了纤维复合材料在横向拉伸作用下界面法向失效过程的解析模型。得到了沿纤维/基体圆周界面的法向应力分布,纤维/基体界面的状态与界面承载力和单纤维复合材料承载力的关系,以及内聚力参数和试件几何尺寸对它们的影响。结果表明:纤维/基体圆周界面在脱粘前经历全部弹性及弹性+软化两种状态;当界面为弹性状态时,界面法向应力随界面强度线性增加;当界面为弹性+软化状态时,界面软化范围随界面裂纹萌生位移的增加而增大;界面初始脱粘位置与拉伸荷载方向重合;界面初始脱粘时的界面承载力随界面强度及界面裂纹萌生位移的增加而增加,随界面裂纹生成位移的增加而降低;单纤维复合材料的脱粘荷载受基体截面尺寸的影响,当纤维体积含量相同时,沿荷载方向截面尺寸的增大对提高脱粘荷载更显著。     

拉扭耦合作用下柱形纤维与基底的界面黏附性能研究

受壁虎刚毛可逆黏附性能的启发,本文建立了单根弹性圆柱纤维与刚性基底黏附接触的理论和数值模型,同时考虑了拉伸和扭转载荷的耦合作用及纤维半径对界面黏附性能的影响.研究发现耦合载荷作用下柱形纤维同样存在一个临界半径,当纤维半径小于该临界尺寸时,界面应力达到均匀的理论强度分布,接触边界应力集中消失,出现缺陷不敏感现象;当纤维半径大于该临界尺寸时,界面以裂纹扩展而失效.在耦合载荷作用下纤维的临界半径小于纯拉伸而大于纯扭转时的临界尺寸,且该临界半径随着施加扭转载荷的增大而减小.表明在纯拉伸载荷下使界面黏附强度达到最优的柱形纤维,在拉伸和扭转载荷耦合作用下,由于界面失效形式的转变使界面易发生脱黏,并且界面脱黏时的拉脱力随着扭转载荷的增大而减小,理论和数值结果一致.本文结果进一步应用揭示了壁虎可以通过调控施加在其最小黏附单元上的载荷形式实现纯拉伸载荷下强黏附及耦合载荷下易脱黏的力学机制.     

头发纤维/环氧树脂微滴脱粘测试：鳞片效应

通过纤维拉出的微滴脱粘测试实验,研究了头发纤维顺鳞和逆鳞方向拉出时的界面强度、失效模式和摩擦机制。通过分析拉伸载荷-位移曲线,给出了头发纤维/环氧树脂界面强度,发现逆鳞方向拉出的界面强度远大于顺鳞方向的强度。通过扫描电子显微镜对失效样品表面形貌分析证实,顺鳞方向拉出发生界面脱粘失效,而逆鳞方向拉出主要发生基体破坏失效模式。另外,与顺鳞方向拉出的稳定摩擦阶段不同,逆鳞方向拉出表现出振荡摩擦现象,最后发展了头发鳞片与残留树脂的相互作用微观模型来解释这种振荡摩擦现象。     

Debonding and fiber pull-out in reinforced composites

In order to evaluate the strength of fiber-reinforced composites, there is first the need to investigate the interfacial debonding and the pull-out of fibers in a fractured composite with intact fibers. This type of problem in crack bridging has been investigated by several authors based on different models and assumptions [1–7]. In this study, we will consider a three-dimensional model of a single fiber of finite length bonded by a finite cylindrical matrix with an initial crack existing in a portion of the interface. In the model, one end of the cylinder is so constrained that the axial component of displacement vanishes. A tensile stress is applied to the fiber at the other end. The aim is to determine the pull-out of the fiber and the critical condition for interfacial debonding. Both the fiber and the matrix are treated as elastic materials. Analysis is made based on a method using Papkovich-Neuber displacement potential functions for the problem of an elastic solid subjected to axisymmetrical boundary conditions. Solutions are found by means of the technique of trigonometrical series. Effects of initial misfit strains and frictional sliding between the fiber and the matrix over the interfacial crack are also included in the study.     

Slip, stick, and reverse slip characteristics during dynamic fibre pullout

Inertial effects in the mechanism of fibre pullout (or push-in) are examined, with emphasis on how the rate of propagation of stress waves along the fibre, and thence the pullout dynamics, are governed by friction and the propagation of companion waves excited in the matrix. With a simple shear lag model (assuming zero debond energy at the fibre/matrix interface), the effect of uniform frictional coupling between the fibre and the matrix is accounted for in a straightforward way. Analytical solutions are derived when the pullout load increases linearly in time. The process zone of activated material is generally divided into two or three domains along the axis of the fibre. Within these domains, slip in the sense implied by the load, slip in the opposite sense (reverse slip), and stick may be observed. The attainable combinations define three regimes of behavior, which are realized for different material parameter values. The elastodynamic problem is also solved more accurately using a plane stress finite element method, with friction represented by an interfacial cohesive zone. The predictions of the shear lag theory are broadly confirmed.     

土遗址楠竹锚固界面传力过程研究

竹木锚固技术近年来被广泛应用于土遗址文物加固保护中,但其锚固界面传力机理尚不明确,严重制约着锚固技术的科学化、规模化应用.相关研究成果已经证实了合理的锚固界面粘结-滑移模型对锚固系统性能预测的重要性,本文在此基础上以楠竹-改性泥浆-夯土锚固系统为例,基于考虑完全脱粘现象的三线型粘结-滑移模型开展了锚固界面传力全过程研究.首先将锚固界面传力全过程分为6个连续阶段,分别对各阶段对应的界面应力、应变分布与演化过程进行理论解析,推导了锚杆轴向变形、界面滑移量、界面剪应力、界面剪应变等参数的封闭解,同时给出了极限锚固力与有效锚固长度的计算方法.在此基础上,通过识别载荷-位移曲线特征点对粘结-滑移模型参数进行了标定.最后采用两个土遗址原位拉拔试验对理论解析模型的合理性进行了对比验证,同时着重分析了锚固长度与锚杆轴向刚度两个因素对锚固性能的影响规律.本文提出的解析模型对存在完全脱粘现象的锚固界面传力过程分析具有广泛适用性,能够为土遗址锚固工程设计提供参考与指导.      

Micromechanical modeling of the microbond test to quantify the interfacial properties of fiber-reinforced composites

The present study has focused on achieving a micromechanical understanding of the microbond test, which involves pulling a fiber out of a bead of matrix (i.e. droplet) through a knife-edge, in order to quantify the interfacial fracture properties of fiber-reinforced composites. According to the microbond test results for carbon-fiber and epoxy-resin system, matrix cracking occurred during the fiber pullout, in addition to the debonding at the fiber–matrix interface. Therefore, in evaluating the fracture properties of the fiber–matrix interface, we should pay attention to the coupling effects of matrix failure and interfacial debonding on the test results. Then, we discuss how to best extract the interfacial properties while excluding the influence of matrix plasticity and cracking, using numerical simulations. The key mechanism demonstrated here is that the pullout force, in the cases where the influence of matrix cracking is negligible, appears as the upper limit among the experimental data of the pullout force for a constant initial embedded length of the fiber in the matrix. For this reason, the upper-limit data all over the range of embedded fiber length in experiments can be reasonably evaluated by the simulation focusing on the debonding process with matrix plasticity. This evaluation technique is effective as a way of extracting interfacial properties appropriately from microbond test results.     

INTERFACIAL BEHAVIOR OF PIPE JOINTS UNDER TORSION LOADS

The interfacial behavior of pipe joints is studied in this paper. Firstly, through nonlinear fracture mechanics, the analytical expressions of interfacial shear stress and the loaddisplacement relationship at loaded end of pipe joints under torsion loads are obtained. Thus the shear stress propagation and the debonding process of the whole interface for different bond lengths can be predicted. Secondly, through the analytical solutions, the influences of different bond lengths on the load-displacement curve and the ultimate load are studied. The stress transfer mechanism, the interface crack propagation and the ductility behavior of the joints can be explained.     

A theoretical model for electroelastic analysis in piezoelectric fibre push-out test

A theoretical model is presented to study the elastic deformation process and frictional sliding behavior in single piezoelectric fibre push-out tests. Based on the theoretical model and some necessary simplifications, stress and electric fields are obtained for push-out tests of a circular piezoelectric fibre embedded in an elastic matrix. Numerical results of a piezoelectric fibre/expoxy matrix system are presented to verify the proposed formulation. The study shows that there is a significant effect of the piezoelectric parameter and embedded fibre length on stress transfer, electric field distribution and load-displacement curve of the frictional sliding process. This study also indicates that the piezoelectric effect has a distinct influence on the mechanical behavior and properties of the interface in a fibre/matrix system.     

FRP-to-concrete interfaces between two adjacent cracks: Theoretical model for debonding failure

External bonding of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has become a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures all over the world. The performance of the interface between FRP and concrete is one of the key factors affecting the behaviour of the strengthened structure. Existing laboratory research has shown that the majority of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with a bonded FRP soffit plate fail due to debonding of the plate from the concrete. Two types of debonding failures have been commonly observed: plate end debonding and intermediate crack induced debonding. In order to understand and develop methods to predict such debonding failures, the bond behaviour between concrete and FRP has been widely studied using simple shear tests on FRP plate/sheet-to-concrete bonded joints and a great deal of research is now available on the behaviour of these bonded joints. However, for intermediate crack induced debonding failures, the debonding behaviour can be significantly different from that observed in a simple shear test. Among other factors, the most significant difference may be that the FRP plate between two adjacent cracks is subject to tension at both cracks. This paper presents an analytical solution for the debonding process in an FRP-to-concrete bonded joint model where the FRP plate is subject to tension at both ends. A realistic bi-linear local bond-slip law is employed. Expressions for the interfacial shear stress distribution and the load–displacement response are derived for different loading stages. The debonding process is discussed in detail. Finally, results from the analytical solution are presented to illustrate how the bond length affects the behaviour of such bonded joints. While the emphasis of the paper is on FRP-to-concrete joints, the analytical solution is equally applicable to similar joints between thin plates of other materials (e.g. steel and aluminium) and concrete.