基于B-样条小波的复合材料层合板灵敏度分析

基于BSWI样条小波有限元方法,将响应和响应的灵敏度系数同时看作状态变量,在Hamilton体系下推导了复合材料层合板响应和响应灵敏度系数的混合控制方程。基于该混合控制方程研究了对称铺层四边固支复合材料层合板的位移响应灵敏度系数在z方向上的分布情况,并将计算结果与有限差分法进行比较。结果表明:材料参数E₁,E₂和G₁₂对位移响应影响明显,其中以E₁对位移响应的影响最大,E₂次之。与经验法相比,半解析法计算结果相对误差小于10^-4,这说明本文的计算方法是正确的,且降低了计算成本和程序实现难度,提高了计算精度。     

中频磁控溅射制备不同S/W原子比WSx薄膜的结构和摩擦学性能研究

采用中频磁控溅射制备了WS_x薄膜,通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)对其结构进行了分析,采用纳米压入仪(Triboindenter)和真空球-盘摩擦试验机分别考察了薄膜的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:改变溅射功率密度和气压,将引起选择性溅射与薄膜氧化程度的变化,致使薄膜S/W原子比随之变化,薄膜的S/W原子比随着溅射功率密度的增加先减小后增大,而随着溅射气压的增大逐渐增大.薄膜S/W原子比较低时,薄膜W含量较高,薄膜结构较致密、硬度较高,但摩擦系数较大、耐磨性能较差;随着S/W原子比的增大,薄膜中WS₂含量显著增加,W含量明显下降,摩擦系数降低,耐磨性能明显改善.     

[0, k i]1 m -Factorizations Orthogonal to a Subgraph

Let G be a graph,k₁,…,k_m be positive integers. If the edges of graph G can be decomposed into some edge disjoint. [0,k₁]-factor. F₁,…,[0,k_m]-factor F_m, then we can say F={F₁,…,F_m, is a [0,k_i]_m¹-factorization of G. If H is a subgraph with m edges in graph G and |E(H)∩E(F_i)|=1 for all 1≤i≤m, then we can call that F is orthogonal to H. It is proved that if G is a..[0,k₁+…+k_m-m+1]-graph, H is a subgraph with m edges in G, then graph G has a. [0,k_i]₁^m-factorization orthogonal to H.     

磁控溅射Ti1-xAlxN薄膜的结构与摩擦学性能研究

采用双靶反应磁控溅射的方法,通过改变基体相对于靶材的位置制备了一系列不同化学成分的TiAlN薄膜.用SEM,AFM,EDS,XRD等检测手段对薄膜的表面状态,如粗糙度?化学成分及结构等进行了表征,采用UMT-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机,在室温?大气环境?无润滑的条件下对不同成分TiAlN薄膜的摩擦学性能进行了评价.试验结果表明:薄膜的化学成分伴随着位置的改变在Ti _0.82Al _0.18N和Ti _0.12Al _0.88N的范围内发生变化;在经历了700℃×1h的退火以后不同位置制备的薄膜先后出现了TiN,Ti ₂AlN,TiN _0.30AlN,TiAlN等多种物相结构;表面粗糙度和形貌的试验结果表明了不同薄膜在不同位置的生长方式也不同;x值在0.57及0.65的薄膜具有高硬度?低粗糙度,并在摩擦过程中形成了摩擦转移膜,从而导致薄膜具有最佳的摩擦学性能.     

The analytical solution for Helmholtz boundary problem in non-horizontally stratified domains

There are N domains D_j(j=0,1,...,N-1) of different physical parameters in the whole space and their interfaces S_j,i+1 are non-horizontally smooth curved surfaces. The following boundary problem is called Hclinholiz boundary problem:V²H⁽¹⁾+K_jH⁽¹⁾=0 (j=0,1,…,N-1)(H⁽⁰⁾-H⁽¹⁾)=δ(S) (δ(S):generalized function)(H¹-Hⁱ⁺¹)=0 (j=0,1,…,N-2)The analytical solution of the above problem is given in this paper.     

标准超声振动气蚀孕育期内材料响应与表面形貌

材料在气蚀孕育期内仅发生极轻微的磨损,但以弹/塑性变形和晶粒拔出等方式对气蚀做出响应,具体的响应方式则随材料种类而不同.通过对孕育期内材料响应和磨损表面形貌的研究,探索不同材料响应与磨损表面形貌的关系,从而建立以表面粗糙度测量和光学显微镜观察等方式进行材料孕育期的研究.本文在标准超声振动气蚀试验机上进行了纯铜、镍基合金Hastelloy C-276和Sialon陶瓷共三种材料的气蚀试验,着重考察了它们在各自孕育期内的表面粗糙度参数（表面粗糙度R_a和核心粗糙度深度R_k）以及蚀坑面积比的变化.研究结果表明：纯铜和Hastelloy C-276在孕育期内主要以塑性变形为主.R_k不仅可以更好地反映孕育期乃至整个气蚀过程的材料表面形貌变化,还能反映不同金属在孕育期内塑性变形的程度.Sialon陶瓷在孕育期内以新蚀坑的形成为主,伴随着少量蚀坑的长大,蚀坑面积比很好地表征了陶瓷材料孕育期的变化.     

钛合金与钴铬钼切向微动磨损行为研究

本文中以Ti6Al4V与CoCrMo合金为研究对象,在不同介质中开展了球/面切向微动磨损的试验研究,结合多种微观分析手段,揭示了不同条件下钛合金与钴铬钼间切向微动运行特性和损伤机理.结果表明：钛合金球与钴铬钼平面间的切向微动主要运行于部分滑移区和混合区.随着微动振幅的增加,F_t-D曲线从直线型向椭圆型转变,其中振幅较大时微动末期F_t-D曲线呈平行四边型.在部分滑移区,摩擦系数较小且保持不变,磨痕表面磨损轻微.在混合区,摩擦系数的变化因振幅的不同各存在两种情况.在振幅较小的混合区,磨斑边缘有磨屑堆积,中心以黏着为主.在振幅较大的混合区,磨痕表面以磨粒磨损为主.     

离子液体作为Si3N4-Ti3SiC2摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机在室温及100 ℃下考察了两种离子液体（L-B106 和L-P106）、丙三醇、水作为Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦学行为,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X光电子能谱（XPS）对磨损表面进行了分析.结果表明：室温、20 N条件下,两种离子液体和丙三醇抗磨和减摩性能相当,室温、100 ℃条件下,L-P106相较于L-B106具有更好的润滑性能,且其抗磨和减摩性能均优于丙三醇,作为Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副润滑剂具有在苛刻环境条件下使用的应用前景. XPS分析结果表明：Ti₃SiC₂材料在摩擦过程中在摩擦热作用下生成了SiO_x、TiO₂,进而有效提高了Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副材料的抗磨损性能;此外,离子液体中的活性元素在Si₃N₄-Ti₃SiC₂摩擦副表面发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应,生成了由氟化钛、磷酸钛及硼酸钛等组成的具有减摩和抗磨性能的边界润滑膜.     

核级石墨PFC2D模型的宏细观参数分析

颗粒流软件PFC能够很好地处理非连续介质力学的问题,模拟核级石墨的损伤和断裂过程具有独特的优势。在采用PFC^2D模拟核级石墨时,为了增加模拟的便捷性,实现了PFC^2D细观参数的快速标定。本文首先设计了四因素四水平的正交试验,分析了核级石墨的宏观参数与PFC^2D的细观参数关系;然后基于建立的核级石墨宏细观参数的关系,采用PFC^2D模拟石墨IG11的三点弯曲试验,并从位移场变形、荷载-位移曲线和断裂参数三个方面验证其宏细观参数关系的正确性。结果表明,弹性模量E随平节理模量E_c的增加线性增加;抗拉强度σ_t随平节理抗拉强度σ_b的增加线性增加;泊松比ν随平节理刚度比k_n/k_s的增加先增大后减小;数值模拟的位移场变化和荷载-裂缝口张开位移P-CMOD曲线与试验结果较吻合,此外,断裂参数的最大误差不超过3.57%。     

偏压及测试环境对离子束DLC膜摩擦学行为的影响

采用线性阳极层离子束技术制备了类金刚石薄膜(DLC膜),研究了不同衬底负偏压和测试环境对DLC薄膜摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:在-50V偏压下,薄膜硬度和弹性模量最大,这主要与薄膜中高的sp³含量相关;衬底负偏压对薄膜在室温大气条件下的摩擦学性能影响不显著,薄膜总体呈现较低的摩擦系数和磨损率,显示出优异的抗磨损性能;线性离子束制备的含氢DLC薄膜的摩擦学行为受湿度及环境气氛影响较大,归因于环境中的氧气和水分造成的摩擦化学反应.     

微乳化生物质燃油的往复运动摩擦学特性研究

采用发动机活塞环-缸套摩擦磨损试验台,研究了微乳化生物质燃油在活塞环-缸套摩擦副往复运动过程中的摩擦磨损特性.借助扫描电子显微镜及附带的能谱、X射线光电子能谱仪等分析测试手段考察了磨痕表面形貌及元素组成与含量、主要元素化学状态,探讨了摩擦磨损机理.结果表明,在微乳化生物质燃油润滑条件下,活塞环-缸套之间的摩擦系数和它们的磨损量均随着往复运动频率增加而增大,微乳化生物质燃油减摩性较0^#柴油好,耐磨性比0^#柴油差;摩擦磨损的机理归于微乳化生物质燃油中的极性基团如羧基（—COOH）易于吸附在摩擦副表面起到边界润滑作用,而乳化燃油中酸性物质在摩擦过程中加大了对摩擦表面的腐蚀,同时摩擦表面形成的Fe₂O₃氧化膜在摩擦力作用下脱落并充当磨粒,从而使磨损加剧.     

Al-DLC薄膜结构及其在水介质下摩擦学性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术,以Al为溅射靶材,甲烷为溅射气体,在不同射频功率下制备了一系列Al含量不同的类金刚石碳基薄膜(AL-DLC).分析了Al含量对薄膜成分、结构及机械性能的影响,并探讨了其在空气和水介质下的摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:Al掺杂使得薄膜中sp~3-C的生长受到抑制,sp~2-C增加,表面吸附水分子能力变强,在水介质摩擦过程中的剪切阻力变小,从而使得摩擦磨损减小.通过调整射频功率可以对薄膜中Al含量进行调控,在最优Al含量时,Al-DLC在空气和水介质中均具有优异的摩擦学性能.     

机翼颤振的混合灵敏度H∞鲁棒控制器设计

主动颤振抑制技术是未来弹性飞行器设计中的一项关键技术,越来越受到广泛的关注。但传统的LQG方法鲁棒性很差,限制了其实际应用。本文采用混合灵敏度H_∞控制方法,并结合回路成型技术设计了机翼颤振抑制的鲁棒控制器。此方法直接针对回路的灵敏度函数和补灵敏度函数性质,根据颤振抑制系统期望的回路频域特性要求,通过选择合适的加权函数形状获得了满意的闭环系统性能,从而实现对颤振的鲁棒抑制。其特点是能够方便直观的获得系统所期望的频域性能,并具有良好的鲁棒性和抑噪能力,非常有利于工程实用。最后利用典型的二维机翼俯仰沉浮气动弹性系统模型,分别采用混合灵敏度H_∞控制器和LQG控制器对机翼颤振进行抑制。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的控制器将颤振速度提高了12.2％,能够更加有效地抑制机翼颤振。     

The strain energy criterion of mixed-mode brittle fracture

In this paper, we proposed a new cr tenon or mixea-moae brittle fracture, i.e., the strain energy criterion, which can be stated as (K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)² +(K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)²+(K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅱc)²=1. This criterion is shown to be in good agreement with known experimental data.In this paper, an experimental criterion:(K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)^m+(K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅱc)ⁿ=1, 1≤_n^m≤2.is also proposed.     

ON THE CRITICAL POINTS OF THE MAP Fp:X→‖AXB-C‖pp

Suppose A,B and C are the bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H, when A has a generalized inverse A^- such that (AA^-)^*=AA^- and B has a generalized inverse B^- such that (B^-B)^*=B^-B,the general characteristic forms for the critical points of the map F_p:X^→‖AXB-C‖_p^p(1p=2. Similarly, the same question has been discussed for several operators.     

THE BÄCKLUND TRANSFORMATION AND NONLINEAR SUPERPOSITION FORMULA OF SOLUTIONS FOR THE LIOUVILLE’S EQUATION IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS

In this paper, we show that Backlund transformation derived by Leibbrandt et al. for the Liouville’s equation in three spatial dimensions, ▽²a=expa, ▽²=-∂_x²+∂_y²+∂_z² can be decomposed into several Backlund transformations for the same equation in two spatial dimensions, moreover, the superposition formula which is derived from this transformation is actually invalid, thus the discussions based on that formula is incorrect as well. We also considered some results about the Liouville’s equation in N spatial dimensions.     

On near-wall hot-wire measurements

A specially constructed hot-wire probe was used to obtain very near-wall velocity measurements in both a fully developed turbulent channel flow and flat plate boundary layer flow. The near-wall hot-wire probe, having been calibrated in a specially constructed laminar flow calibration rig, was used to measure the mean streamwise velocity profile, distributions of streamwise and spanwise intensities of turbulence and turbulence kinetic energy k in the viscous sublayer and beyond; these distributions compare very favorably with available DNS results obtained for channel flow. While low Reynolds number effects were clearly evident for the channel flow, these effects are much less distinct for the boundary layer flow. By assuming the dissipating range of eddy sizes to be statistically isotropic and the validity of Taylor's hypothesis, the dissipation rate ɛ _iso in the very near-wall viscous sublayer region and beyond was determined for both the channel and boundary layer flows. It was found that if the convective velocity U _c in Taylor's hypothesis was assumed to be equal to the mean velocity Uˉ at the point of measurement, the value of (ɛ⁺ _iso)₁ thus obtained agrees well with that of (ɛ ⁺)_DNS for y ⁺ ≥ 80 for channel flow; this suggests the validity of assuming U _c=Uˉ and local isotropy for large values of y ⁺. However, if U _c was assumed to be 10.6u _τ , the value of (ɛ⁺ _iso)₂ thus obtained was found to compare reasonably well with the distribution of (ɛ⁺ _iso)_DNS for y ⁺≤ 15. Received: 31 May 1999/Accepted: 20 December 1999     

Ti-Al金属间化合物润滑薄膜制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究

采用双靶反应磁控溅射法在不锈钢基体表面沉积Ti-Al二元金属间化合物薄膜,采用改变基体相对于靶材位置的方法调整薄膜中Al和Ti含量,通过对薄膜成分和结构表征以及摩擦系数测定,并结合Ti-Al合金相图系统研究不同成分薄膜的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明:随着薄膜中Al含量在43.20at%～67.89at%之间改变,薄膜的摩擦系数处于0.05～0.30之间;当薄膜中Al含量为45.59at%时,薄膜的摩擦系数最小,为0.05,且Al含量为43.20at%～48.23at%的薄膜的摩擦系数均小于0.10;当Al含量大于48.23at%时,随着Al含量的增加,薄膜的摩擦系数增至0.32;当Al含量为43.20at%～48.23at%时,薄膜中形成了α2-Ti3Al γ-TiAl两相共存组织,具有减摩效果的同时,使其磨损率降低12.57%～38.41%.     

Doubly Curved Shallow Shells with the Rectangular Base Elastically Supported by Edge Arched Beams and Tie-Rods (Ⅱ)

In order to study the boundary conditions of integrated form(91a,d),firstlywe make use of trigonometrical series to express N_ξη(0,η),Q_ξ^*(0,η)of(97C,D).Suppose .     

Stress analysis of plates with a circular hole reinforced by flange reinforcing member

This paper deals with the problem of stress analysis of plates with a circular hole reinforced by flange reinforcing member. The so called flange reinforcing member here means that the reinforcing member is built up by setting shapes or bars with any section shape on both sides of the plates along the edge of the hole. Two cases of external loads are considered. In one case the external loads are stressesσ_X^(∞),σ_Y^(∞),and τ_XY^(∞) acting at infinite point of the plate, and in the other the external loads are linear distributed normal stresses. The procedure of solving the problems mentioned above consists of three steps. Firstly, the reinforcing member is taken out from the plates and considered to be a circular bar being solved to determine its deformation under the action of radial force q₀(θ) and tangential force t₀(θ) which are forces acting upon each other between reinforcing member and plate. Secondly, the displacements of plate with a circular hole under the action of q₀(θ) and t₀(θ) and external loads are determined. Finally, forces q₀(θ) and t₀(θ) are obtained by the compatibility of deformations between reinforcing member and plate. Then the internal forces and displacements of reinforcing member and plate are deduced from q₀(θ) and t₀(θ) obtained.