啸叫快速抑制的助听器回声抵消算法

针对助听器回声路径快速变化下易产生啸叫的问题,本文提出一种变步长标准最小均方差-陷波器(Variable Step Normalized least mean square-Notch Filter,VSN-NF)算法。在回声路径相对稳定时,提出一种基于状态分类的变步长标准最小均方差算法来估计回声信号。算法根据滤波器系数能量的长时平均值和短时平均值,将滤波器当前状态分为收敛态、过渡态与稳态,并根据不同状态选择不同的步长。在路径突然变化并产生啸叫时,算法通过关闭变步长NLMS算法来稳定啸叫频点,然后基于ZoomFFT算法动态生成陷波器来进行啸叫抑制;当啸叫抑制后,再开启变步长NLMS进行回声估计。针对易产生多频点啸叫的回声路径,VSN-NF算法还引入不同频带的两个陷波器来进行双频点啸叫抑制。同其它助听器回声抵消算法的对比实验显示,VSN-NF算法的回波抵消性能最好,尤其具有快速啸叫抑制能力。此外,算法生成的语音质量较高,实时性能好,适合于像助听器类的低功耗、小体积产品。      

超音速射流啸叫模式切换不稳定性

超音速射流的噪声辐射有3个主要成分,即湍流的混合噪声、与激波结构有关的宽带噪卢以及离散的单频啸叫。其中啸叫离散基频特性具有多种模式,模式之间的切换是一个不稳定过渡过程,与流动纹影显示的不稳定相对应。模式切换过程中在频率特性上反映出一种模式的饱和、衰减,而另一种模式的强化,最终成为主导。这种切换过程中的频率变化很可能和流动失稳涡结构的破碎、配对相关联,利用线性不稳定性理论得到了与实验相符的不稳定波的增长率,分析了不稳定波最大增长率与啸叫频率切换的对应关系。     

基于副边LLC谐振变换器的功率处理单元建模与分析

随着航空航天技术的不断发展,航天器对于霍尔电推进功率处理单元（PPU）的需求不断提高,高增益、大功率以及高效的PPU成为研究的主流方向。LLC拓扑能够在全负载范围内实现软开关,因此在PPU阳极电源中具有广阔的应用前景。原边LLC因其原副边增益特性,给阳极电源高增益变换器的谐振电感设计带来极大的挑战。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进的副边LLC谐振拓扑,在保留原边LLC谐振电路软开关特性的同时,有效解决了谐振电感设计问题,使得PPU阳极电源具备高增益的性能。首先利用时域分析法建立了副边LLC拓扑数学模型,其次在模型的基础上给出其峰值增益的计算方法,最后通过一台样机验证了所建模型的正确性并验证了副边LLC电路的有效性。     

某SUV车门关门声品质建模及优化

本文介绍了汽车关门声品质的客观评价方法和评价参数以及关门声品质影响因素等方面的研究现状。在此基础上,针对某SUV车型车门关门声音的响度和尖锐度偏大的问题,进行了关门声的客观测试和特性分析,结合正交实验设计,建立关门声品质优化模型,针对关门声音振颤的问题,结合CAE分析,确定了车门外板高灵敏度区域,并对该区域进行了吸振处理,措施实施后关门声音的响度、尖锐度以及振颤均达到了更好的水平,且关门声主观评价也有明显提升。     

会堂扩声系统中声反馈的处理

在会堂扩声时,由于接收声音信号的传声器与重放这些信号的扬声器处于同一空间,因此,不可避免地存在着声反馈,甚至产生啸叫的现象。这是会堂扩声中最感头痛和最难克服的一个问题。我们根据会堂的声学环境,在不损伤音质的前提下,适当利用扩声系统的多频音调器,并注意传声器和扬声器的指向性,对解决这一问题收到了一定的效果。     

流经矩形喷嘴的超音速射流啸叫模式切换的实验研究

通过实验分析比较了对于相同高度不同宽度的四种矩形喷嘴, 当压力在0.2 MPa到0.8 MPa 之间变动时, 欠膨胀超音速自由射流的啸叫特性和对应的流场纹影结构.结果表明: 不同宽高比喷嘴的超音速自由射流辐射噪声中的单频离散啸叫存在两种不同的啸叫模式, 且随着射流压力的变化会出现模式间的切换.所谓模式切换是指不同模式的轮流占优和消失的现象.啸叫模式间的切换及占优区间的宽度随着喷嘴宽高比的减小而缩短.其中, 宽高比为2的射流啸叫模式中的一种模式所占的射流压降区间异常小, 此现象未在相关文献中提及; 喷嘴宽高比为4的射流啸叫占优区间内, 啸叫基频-射流压力曲线在0.49 MPa时出现了间断、跳跃现象.随着压力的降低激波纹影的轴线出现了抖动, 不同宽高比下流场结构的稳定性随压力变化的规律各异.射流压力在0.70 MPa到0.45 MPa区间内, 随着宽高比减小, 第一波节格栅的激波致密度减弱, 且出现轴向脉动, 第二波节后方的流场变得紊乱; 当射流压力低于0.45 MPa 时, 激波串结构随着宽高比的增大而趋于稳定, 在此压力区间内周期性激波格栅结构较射流压力在0.45 MPa以上时有所减弱.结合啸叫频谱及纹影图分析, 可初步认为, 第二、三波节也会对啸叫频率的声压幅值起到反馈增强作用.     

线阵声强缩放方法在水下声源辐射功率估算中的应用

为了解决水下声源辐射声功率难以计算的问题,利用线阵声强缩放方法在波束形成声源识别的基础上,根据波束输出结果与声源辐射声功率之间的换算关系来获得相应的声功率。为了提高线阵声强缩放方法的水下声功率估算精度,给出了一定动态范围限制的主瓣区域积分方法,并通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。在消声水池中开展了水下声功率估算的实验研究。在不同的测试距离下,对双声源条件下的单频以及宽带声源在阵列侧的辐射声功率进行了估算,以混响法的测量结果为参考值,研究了估算误差随声源频率、测试距离等影响因素的变化规律。实验结果表明,无论是单频还是宽带声源,声功率的最大估算误差不超过2.6 dB,在高频时不超过1.6 dB。验证了线阵声强缩放方法应用于水下声源辐射声功率估算的正确性与可行性。      

炸药柱超声C-扫描成像检测

药柱传统的手动A型扫描探伤方法存在，检测过程的稳定性以及检测结果的准确性、可靠性较低，检测结果不够直观等不足之处。为了解决这些问题，对超声C-扫描成像检测技术的系统条件、技术参数、缺陷大小的系统标定等开展了研究，确定了炸药柱水浸式超声C-扫描成像检测条件，并对利用手动A型超探仪探伤有缺陷（包括分层类和疏松）的PBX-9003和TNT药柱进行了C-扫描成像检测。     

R449A制冷剂应用于压缩冷凝机组的性能研究

R449A是一种HFO类非共沸混合制冷剂,物性参数与R404A接近、但GWP值大幅减小。选择R449A作为原R404A压缩冷凝机组的替代制冷剂开展直接替代试验研究,并进行了R449A与原型机用润滑油和辅料的相容性验证。研究结果表明:在对原机组不做任何改动,以吸气侧中点为蒸发温度基准,采用R449A制冷剂的压缩冷凝机组与原R404A机组相比运行性能略有优势,替代潜力较大。     

图像边缘检测技术对偏滤器X点的识别研究

利用计算机视觉技术,对HL-2A偏滤器放电X点进行了识别研究。首先根据HL-2A偏滤器放电图的分析需求,基于直观的等离子体标准下单零放电位形下的边缘可见光辐射模型建立了Canny边缘检测的处理模型,主要对图像中等离子体边缘进行了预处理。结合Harris角点检测的算法,在提取出图像特征点后,利用多边形逼近的方式确定了特征点在图像中的坐标值。分别拟合出强、弱场侧的等离子体边界曲线及其渐近线,渐近线交点近似为X点,边界曲线向中心逼近所包围的区域可近似为X点存在区域。通过实际的HL-2A装置第37638次放电偏滤器放电图验证,经过简化条件后,拟合出的X点与EFIT反演对比误差范围在3cm以内。     

Analysis of the Wrinkle of an Automobile Weather-Strip Seal in Bending

Weather-strip seals in automotive door systems play a major role in determining the door closing effort, isolating the passenger compartment from water and reducing the wind noise inside the vehicle. The phenomenon of a wrinkle often occurs in weather-strips when they are assembled on the door surfaces which have bent or twisted profiles. Wrinkles in automobile weather-strip seals will affect the closing effort and noise isolation characteristics of the automotive door system. The wrinkle of anethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) automobile weather-strip seals when bent and the critical conditions for a wrinkle to develop were characterized in this study. The hyperelastic material behavior of the EPDM sponge and EPDM dense rubber in the seal were modeled using the Foam model and Mooney–Rivlin model, respectively. Then a finite element analysis (FEA) model of the automobile weather-strip seal in assembly was developed and analyzed using then on linear FEA software Marc. The deformation of the seal and the thickness decrease in the critical region where it was prone to wrinkle were obtained by this FEA method. Finally the critical criterion of wrinkling was determined by analysis of the reaction forces in the critical region. The proposed analysis method can shorten the product design cycle and decrease the design and trial-product cost considerably.     

The effect of surface roughness on thermal-elasto-hydrodynamic model of contact mechanical seals

In this paper,the effect of surface roughness on sealing clearance,pressure distribution,friction torque and leakage is studied by the thermal-elasto-hydrodynamic mixed lubrication model.A convergent nominal clearance is formed by the pressure deformation and thermal deformation of the seal faces.This causes more serious wear in the inner side than that of the outer side of the contact area.Mass leakage increases with the growing of the surface roughness.The temperature and thermal deformation on the seal surface increases substantially if the roughness is reduced.The contact mechanical seals have consistent performance when the standard deviation of surface roughness is approximately 0.2μm.In order to validate the theoretical analysis model,a method combining the measurement of three-dimensioned profile and Raman spectrum is proposed.     

汽车焊缝密封胶条的光条中心提取算法研究

汽车焊缝涂胶能够提高车身密封水平, 需要对胶条进行检测并且获得三维信息。激光三角法是应用广泛的检测方法, 其关键技术之一是准确提取光条中心。但针对黑色被检胶体, 光条中心提取鲁棒性差, 因此提出了一种基于光条分割的Hessian矩阵定位和高斯曲线拟合的算法。首先, 将整体图像对比度提高, 运用去噪算法消除干扰的噪声; 然后用极值法初步定位光条, 结合Hessian矩阵对激光条的中心进行定位; 最后利用高斯曲线准确拟合出激光条的中心。实验研究表明, 在对光条图像添加噪声幅度为100的白噪声之后进行处理, 同样能够将精度控制在亚像素级别, 能够提高黑色被检测物体的光条的稳定性。     

Evaluating the maximum playback sound levels from portable digital audio players

To assess the maximum sound levels that may be experienced by young people in Canada from modern digital audio players, this study measured nine recent models of players and 20 earphones. Measurement methodology followed European standard BS EN 50332. Playback levels ranged from 101 to 107 dBA at maximum volume level. Estimated listener sound levels could vary from 79 to 125 dBA due to the following factors: (i) earphone seal against the ear, (ii) player output voltage, (iii) earphone sensitivity, and (iv) recorded music levels. There was a greater potential for high sound levels if intra-concha "earbud" earphones were used due to the effect of earphone seal. Simpler measurement techniques were explored as field test methods; the best results were obtained by sealing the microphone of a sound level meter to the earphone using a cupped hand and correcting for the free field response of the ear. Measurement of noise levels 0.25 m from the earphone showed that a bystander is unlikely to accurately judge listener sound levels.     

Phenomenon of labyrinth weal with Low static pressure difference and large clearance

The low pressure axial flow fans with an outer ring, used for cooling automobile radiators, have a significantly large tip clearance between the ring tip and the fan shroud. It has been found that the turbulent reverse flow, or leakage flow, which occurs at the tip clearance, greatly affects the fan performance and noise level. Therefore, in order to improve the fan performance and noise level it is important to decrease the effect of leakage at the tip clearance. The authors investigated the performance of the straight-through type of labyrinth seal which operates in an extremely low static pressure difference with a large clearance. It was hoped that by sealing this clearance with the labyrinth seal the performance would be improved. It was verified that the labyrinth seal satisfied almost the same performance as that predicted by the previous theory. This theory was established by experimental studies in the condition of quite high static pressure difference when the labyrinth is stationary. However, it was later discovered that the leakage rate decreased significantly even though there was far lower ring speed in comparison to past research results where the ring rotated. This phenomenon is conspicuous in a lower differential pressure. However, the cause of this phenomenon has not been determined.     

低温环境模拟舱室门封构件的热设计与优化

低温环境模拟舱室(设计温度为-205℃～+100℃)的设计关键是尽量减少舱室对外各个接口处的漏热,尤其是门封处。文中针对低温舱室多种门封构件进行了漏热分析,确定了合适的门封构件。为减少漏热,在门封构件内加入液氮热沉,以吸收外部的漏热,减小向内部的漏热。完成了液氮盘管搭接位置的设计,大大减少了外部对内部的漏热量。     

Effects of typhoon "KAI-TAK" on deep ocean ambient noise in the South China Sea

By investigating the effects on deep ocean ambient noise of typhoon "KAI-TAK" which passed the north area of the South China Sea,it is shown that the wind speed,the rainfall intensity and the long wave swell caused by typhoon affect the ocean ambient noise significantly.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed during the typhoon is much better than that in the non-typhoon period in the same Beaufort scale.Analysis of the correlation between the 415 h ocean ambient noise measured data and wind speed shows that,when the frequency is greater than 300 Hz,the correlation coefficient between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed is greater than 0.5,achieving a moderate correlation;when the frequency is greater than 630 Hz,the correlation coefficient is between 0.8 and 0.9,achieving a high degree of correlation.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed is better than that between the ocean ambient noise and the significant wave height when the frequency is greater than 300 Hz.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed in infrasonic band from 10 Hz to 20 Hz is poor in the South China Sea,because the shipping is busy in this sea area and the ocean ambient noise is contaminated by the ship noise even during the typhoon.     

台风“启德”对南海深海海洋环境噪声特性的影响研究

研究台风“启德”经过南海北部对南海深海海洋环境噪声的影响,表明台风导致的风速增减、降雨强弱以及形成的长波涌浪均会影响海洋环境噪声级的大小变化,海洋环境噪声显著受到台风的影响。相同风级下,台风期间海洋环境噪声级与风速的相关性明显好于非台风期间。分析测量的415 h海洋环境噪声数据与风速、波高的相关性,频率大于300 Hz时,海洋环境噪声级与风速的互相关系数大于0.5,达到中度相关;频率大于630 Hz时,互相关系数介于0.8和0.9之间,达到高度相关;频率大于300 Hz时,海洋环境噪声级与风速的相关性好于海洋环境噪声级与波高的相关性。南海海洋环境噪声10~20 Hz的次声频与风速的相关性差,是因为南海航运繁忙,该频段的海洋环境噪声会受到航船噪声的影响,即使台风期间也不例外。      

高斯噪声诱导二元混合物/粒子系统有序结构的形成

采用蒙特卡罗方法研究高斯噪声场对添加硬球粒子的二元混合物系统自组装的驱动作用.发现硬球粒子与组分之间的相互作用决定硬球粒子在畴中存在的区域.当硬球粒子与组分之间的相互作用较大,硬球粒子浓度n≤0.05时,对于足够强的高斯噪声场,存在一个最佳噪声作用概率区域(p=0.005~0.02),其间高斯噪声已完全消除硬球粒子的钉扎效应,使体系快速生长并形成取向性很好的条状畴结构.     

The effect of texture on the shaft surface on the sealing performance of radial lip seals

On the basis of elastohydrodynamic model,the present study numerically analyzes the effect of various microdimple texture shapes,namely,circular,square,oriented isosceles triangular,on the pumping rate and the friction torque of radial lip seals,and determines the microdimple texture shape that can produce positive pumping rate.The area ratio,depth and shape dimension of a single texture are the most important geometric parameters which influence the tribological performance.According to the selected texture shape,parameter analysis is conducted to determine the optimal combination for the above three parameters.Simultaneously,the simulated performances of radial lip seal with texture on the shaft surface are compared with those of the conventional lip seal without any texture on the shaft surface.