任意Atwood数Rayleigh-Taylor和 Richtmyer-Meshkov 不稳定性气泡速度研究

本文将Layzer气泡模型推广到任意界面Atwood数情形,得到了自洽的微分方程组.该模型描述了气泡从早期的指数增长阶段到气 泡以渐近速度上升的非线性阶段的发展过程,给出了Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)和Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性的二维和 三维气泡速度渐近解,还求出了二维和三维RT不稳定性气泡顶点附近速度的解析解.     

激波诱导的液柱气液界面RM不稳定性的研究

为了进-步研究气/液界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性现象,在水平激波管中进行了激波与单、双排液柱相互作用的实验.通过使用驱动气体为氮气、被驱动气体为空气,获得了马赫数为1.10与1.25的激波;通过更换不同尺寸的试件获得了初始直径不同的液柱。使用高速摄影仪记录了激波作用之后液柱失稳变形的详细过程,测量分析了不稳定性发展过程中,尖钉高度、气泡深度及混合区域宽度随时间的发展规律,并与理论分析中的公式进行了比较。     

偏心对汇聚激波诱导的RM不稳定性影响的数值研究

数值研究汇聚激波与四种形状（圆形、小振幅单模、大振幅单模和正方形）的二维气柱界面相互作用,激波汇聚中心与界面同心和不同心（即偏心）时Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM）不稳定性的发展规律,重点考察界面中心的压力及混合区面积在两种情况下随时间的变化.数值方法使用VAS2D程序,该方法采用有限体积法结合网格自适应技术,能够达到时间和空间的二阶精度.结果表明,偏心情况下RM不稳定性是其在同心情况下的扰动和偏心小扰动叠加的结果.在本文采用的偏心程度下（20%）,偏心对于圆形无扰动界面发展的影响主要表现在后期界面出现微小扰动结构;而对于单模和正方形这种原本有扰动的界面,偏心使扰动结构呈现不对称及扭曲,同时也影响了界面中心压力和混合区面积,因而加剧了不稳定性的发展.     

非理想流体中Rayleigh-Taylor和Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性气泡速度研究

在随气泡顶端运动的坐标系中, 通过将理想流体模型推广到非理想流体的情况, 研究了流体黏性和表面张力对Rayleigh-Taylor (RT)和Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM)不稳定性气泡速度的影响. 首先得到了RT和RM不稳定性气泡运动的控制方程 (自洽的微分方程组); 其次给出了二维平面坐标和三维柱坐标中气泡速度的数值解和渐近解, 并定量分析了流体黏性和表面张力对RT和RM气泡速度和振幅的影响. 结果表明: 从线性阶段到非线性阶段的全过程中, 非理想流体中的气泡速度和振幅小于理想流体中的气泡速度和振幅. 也就是说, 流体黏性和表面张力对RT和RM不稳定性的发展都具有致稳作用. 关键词： Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性 Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性 气泡速度 非理想流体     

柱面内爆驱动金属界面不稳定性的数值模拟研究

对柱面爆轰驱动内壁刻有正弦扰动的金属钢壳与内部硅橡胶界面产生不稳定性问题进行数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果定性符合.与不考虑金属强度情况对比分析认为,未熔化状态下金属强度对不稳定性具有较强抑制作用,在某些加载条件下会使扰动增长率随扰动模数增加而减小.之后,对强度因素影响下内爆压缩驱动金属不稳定性问题的扰动发展规律进行了总结.在聚心反射波到达壳体之前,造成初始界面反转的RM不稳定性起主导作用,随着扰动模数增加扰动由呈近似线性发展到基本不发展变化,基本不变化后的扰动振幅也随模数增加而减小.聚心反射波作用到壳体内界面后,减速RT不稳定性作用明显增强,与强度等因素共同作用造成扰动呈明显非线性发展.无论是前期RM不稳定性主导阶段还是之后以减速RT不稳定性为主的扰动发展阶段,强度因素均能造成未熔化状态下金属不稳定性截止波长存在.     

辐射烧蚀界面的单模Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性分析

首先对惯性约束聚变(ICF)遇到的流体力学界面不稳定性作了简要的分析;其次讨论了Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性在ICF中所起的作用;第三,根据一维数值计算结果,按照考虑密度梯度和烧蚀致稳的RT不稳定性增长的定标规律对不稳定性增长作了估计。最后在计算结果的讨论中,对有关实验测量提出某些倾向性的建议。     

Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性弱非线性阶段界面效应对谐波的影响

为了更好地理解不同空间坐标系下流体界面对Rayleigh-Taylor（RT）不稳定性弱非线性阶段谐波的影响,文章采用3阶小扰动展开法,解析研究了球坐标空间经典RT不稳定性弱非线性阶段谐波的演化规律,并和柱坐标空间以及直角坐标空间相应结果进行了对比研究.当球坐标系和直角坐标系中RT不稳定性界面扰动波长相同,球坐标系中初始扰动半径为无穷大时（即球坐标下RT不稳定性初始扰动半径相对于扰动波长为无穷大时）,球坐标下RT不稳定性前4次谐波的结果和直角坐标系下的相应结果相同.研究表明:由初始界面曲率引起的Bell-Plesset（BP）效应和空间效应（直角坐标空间、柱坐标空间和球坐标空间）对谐波发展有较大的影响.即在不同正交曲线坐标系下,不同曲率的流体界面效应对RT不稳定性谐波发展有较大的影响.对于柱坐标空间和球坐标空间,2阶对0次谐波的反馈加强了界面向内收缩.研究还表明:界面效应增加了2次谐波的负反馈,然而,对于基模和3次谐波却有不同的影响.      

弱激波冲击无膜重气柱和气帘界面的实验研究

研制了一个改进的激波管设备,对马赫数为1.2的弱激波冲击作用下空气中SF6气柱和气帘界面的演变过程进行了初步的实验研究。通过设计激波管实验段、烟雾发生器、气体箱、进气吸气系统和激波管尾段,控制混合气体中SF6的峰值浓度和初始气流速度,建立了稳定、可重复的无膜气柱和气帘初始界面形成技术。利用高速摄影技术,在水平面内观测了气柱和气帘的初始界面图像,沿垂直方向观测了界面RM(Richtmyer-Meshkov)不稳定性的演变过程。气柱演变图像显示了典型的对涡结构,气帘演变图像显示了早期的多蘑菇形结构和后期的相邻波长干扰效应。图像后处理表明,气柱的高度和宽度、气帘的宽度均随时间单调增加,且宽度比高度增加快得多。从二维涡量动力学方程出发,对图像中涡的演变过程进行了初步解释。     

高速摄影在流体动力学不稳定性研究中的应用

用高速摄影技术研究了高压气体膨胀驱动空气-水界面的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性,获得了空气-水界面的不稳定性清晰图像,得到气炮尖顶运动速度及湍流混合层高度增长速度与时间关系曲线。在横式激波管上用高速纹影诊断技术研究了激波作用空气-SF6界面的里克特迈耶-梅什科夫不稳定性,初步获得了实验图像,可清晰显示混合区变化过程。     

多根液柱在激波作用下的变形破碎过程研究

本文对直径为2 mm的单根液柱和三根液柱在马赫数为1.2的激波作用下的变形破碎过程进行了数值计算和实验观察。数值计算包括了二维水平截面及三维流场,利用多相流VOF模型和标准k-ε湍流模型,计算得到了气/液界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性失稳过程及液柱周围流场的物理特性,分析了尖钉高度和气泡深度的发展规律,数值计算结果与实验结果有良好的一致性。     

斜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性混合实验研究

 实验研究了不相溶流体斜界面Rayleigh-Taylor（R-T）不稳定性湍流混合区的混合不对称性特征。利用高压气体加速装有不同液体的箱体,加速度方向由轻液体指向重液体,此时界面是R-T不稳定性的。利用阴影测试技术,研究了初始倾角9°的ZnCl₂溶液/正己烷斜界面的演化规律,得出混合区内混合不对称、斜界面倾角渐增的规律。     

R-T界面不稳定性及湍流混合的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究R-T(Rayleigh Taylor)不稳定性,显示了不稳定发展的小扰动阶段、变形阶段、规则非线性阶段、不规则非线性阶段和湍流混合阶段界面演化与特征,分析了湍流混合层厚度增长的规律,同时还研究了湍流二阶相关量如动量、质量和能量通量在大尺度和亚格子尺度所占分量,验证了LES方法是处理R-T界面不稳定性和湍流混合的一种有效方法.     

激波冲击V形界面重气体导致的壁面与旋涡作用及其对湍流混合的影响

基于多组分混合物质量分数模型,采用色散最小耗散可控的高分辨率有限体积方法,数值模拟了弱激波冲击V形空气/SF_6界面后,界面不稳定性生成的旋涡与固体壁面作用问题.激波冲击V形界面之后,因斜压效应诱导涡量沉积在界面附近,形成沿界面规则排列的多个涡对结构.旋涡的诱导作用使界面不断变形和卷起,同时旋涡之间不断发生相互并对,诱导更多更小尺度的旋涡产生.旋涡诱导作用的叠加效应,使界面尖端处的初始涡对向上下壁面发展.随后,涡结构开始与壁面发生复杂的相互作用.旋涡与壁面作用后沿壁面加速,使得物质界面沿壁面伸展,随后,旋涡从壁面回弹,并诱导二次旋涡产生.旋涡与壁面相互作用的过程,能够明显加剧物质混合.本文从物质混合的角度研究了该过程的机理,分析了旋涡与壁面作用对物质混合的影响.     

Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic instability experiments and flow mixing

Based on the numerical methods of volume of fluid (VOF) and piecewise parabolic method (PPM) and parallel circumstance of Message Passing Interface (MPI), a parallel multi-viscosity-fluid hydrodynamic code MVPPM (Multi-Viscosity-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method) is developed and performed to study the hydrodynamic instability and flow mixing. Firstly, the MVPPM code is verified and validated by simulating three instability cases: The first one is a Riemann problem of viscous flow on the shock tube; the second one is the hydrodynamic instability and mixing of gaseous flows under re-shocks; the third one is a half height experiment of interfacial instability, which is conducted on the AWE’s shock tube. By comparing the numerical results with experimental data, good agreement is achieved. Then the MVPPM code is applied to simulate the two cases of the interfacial instabilities of jelly models accelerated by explosion products of a gaseous explosive mixture (GEM), which are adopted in our experiments. The first is implosive dynamic interfacial instability of cylindrical symmetry and mixing. The evolving process of inner and outer interfaces, and the late distribution of mixing mass caused by Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in the center of different radius are given. The second is jelly layer experiment which is initialized with one periodic perturbation with different amplitude and wave length. It reveals the complex processes of evolution of interface, and presents the displacement of front face of jelly layer, bubble head and top of spike relative to initial equilibrium position vs. time. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with that experimental images, and show that the amplitude of initial perturbations affects the evolvement of fluid mixing zone (FMZ) growth rate extremely, especially at late times.     

Holographic interferometric visualization of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock waves

Results of quantitative holographic interferometric flow visualization of cylindrical interface instability induced by converging cylindrical shock waves are reported. Experiments were conducted in an annular vertical co-axial diaphragmless shock tube, in which cylindrical soap bubbles filled with He, Ne, Air, Ar, Kr, Xe and SF₆ were co-axially placed in its test section. Pressure histories at different radii during the shock wave implosion and reflection from the center were measured. Diagnostic method base on double exposure holographic interferometry was applied for the measurement of turbulent mixing zone at the interface. The observed cylindrical interfaces were found to have a higher growth rate of turbulent mixing zone than that of the plane shock / plane interface.     

Lattice Boltzmann study of three-dimensional immiscible Rayleigh–Taylor instability in turbulent mixing stage

In this paper, we numerically studied the late-time evolutional mechanism of three-dimensional (3D) single-mode immiscible Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) by using an improved lattice Boltzmann multiphase method implemented on graphics processing units. The influences of extensive dimensionless Reynolds numbers and Atwood numbers on phase interfacial dynamics, spike and bubble growth were investigated in details. The longtime numerical experiments indicate that the development of 3D singlemode RTI with a high Reynolds number can be summarized into four different stages: linear growth stage, saturated velocity growth stage, reacceleration stage and turbulent mixing stage. A series of complex interfacial structures with large topological changes can be observed at the turbulent mixing stage, which always preserve the symmetries with respect to the middle axis for a low Atwood number, and the lines of symmetry within spike and bubble are broken as the Atwood number is increased. Five statistical methods for computing the spike and bubble growth rates were then analyzed to reveal the growth law of 3D single-mode RTI in turbulent mixing stage. It is found that the spike late-time growth rate shows an overall increase with the Atwood number, while the bubble growth rate experiences a slight decrease with the Atwood number at first and then basically maintains a steady value of around 0.1. When the Reynolds number decreases, the later stages cannot be reached gradually and the evolution of phase interface presents a laminar flow state.     

The numerical study of shock-induced hydrodynamic instability and mixing

Based on multi-fluid volume fraction and piecewise parabolic method (PPM), a multi-viscosity-fluid hydrodynamic code MVPPM (Multi-Viscosity-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method) is developed and applied to the problems of shock-induced hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing. Simulations of gas/liquid interface instability show that the influences of initial perturbations on the fluid mixing zone (FMZ) growth are significant, especially at the late stages, while grids have only a slight effect on the FMZ width, when the interface is impulsively accelerated by a shock wave passing through it. A numerical study of the hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing of gaseous flows impacted by re-shocks is presented. It reveals that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results and the mixing growth rate strongly depends on initial conditions. Ultimately, the jelly layer experiment relevant to the instability impacted by exploding is simulated. The shape of jelly interface, position of front face of jelly layer, crest and trough of perturbation versus time are given; their simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

激波与SF6球形气泡相互作用的数值研究

本文基于大涡模拟方法, 采用高阶精度格式对平面入射激波以及不同反射距离条件下的反射激波与SF₆重气泡相互作用过程进行了三维数值模拟. 数值结果清晰地显示了SF₆重气泡在激波作用下诱导Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性过程, 揭示了入射激波以及反射激波在气泡界面聚焦诱导射流的过程, 详细分析了不同反射距离条件下反射激波与SF₆重气泡作用过程及流场结构.     

耦合界面张力的三维流体界面不稳定性的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用介观格子Boltzmann方法模拟界面张力作用下三维流体界面的Rayleigh-Taylor (RT)不稳定性的增长过程,主要分析表面张力对流体界面动力学行为及尖钉和气泡后期增长的影响机制.首先发现三维RT不稳定性的发生存在临界表面张力(σ_c),其值随着流体Atwood数的增大而增大,且数值预测值与理论分析结果σ_c=(ρ_h-ρ₁)g/k~2一致.另外,随着表面张力的增大,不稳定性演化过程中界面卷吸程度和结构复杂性逐渐减弱,系统中界面破裂形成离散液滴的数目也显著减少.相界面的后期动力学行为也从非对称发展转向始终保持关于中轴线对称.尖钉与气泡振幅在表面张力较小时对其变化不显著,当表面张力增大到一定值后,可以有效地抑制尖钉与气泡振幅的增长.进一步发现,高雷诺数三维RT不稳定性在不同表面张力下均经历4个不同的发展阶段:线性阶段、饱和速度阶段、重加速和混沌混合阶段.尖钉与气泡在饱和速度阶段以近似恒定的速度增长,其渐进速度的值与修正的势流理论模型结果一致.受非线性Kelvin-Helmholtz旋涡的剪切作...