流动氦气出口温度控制仿真与分析

分析了电加热器对流动氦气的加热过程,从能量平衡和热传导的角度建立了系统数学模型,用解析的方法表达了热量的传递过程,得到了传递函数。用Matlab 的Simulink 模块搭建了PID 的控制框架,用积分分离的策略改进了温度控制的效果。仿真结果显示流体在进口温度不断变化的情况下,通过加热器的功率调节获得了比较稳定的气体出口温度,表现出了良好的控制结果。     

自由落体实验的改进

针对教材中自由落体实验操作的不稳定性,改进了实验,增强了实验操作的稳定性,提高了实验的精确度,减少了实验次数,节省了时间,提高了课堂效率.     

La/酸化膨润土吸附剂的表征与除磷性能

以酸化改性膨润土为载体,采用浸泡法制备了稀土La掺杂的La/酸化膨润土吸附剂.通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行了表征,探讨了膨润土的改性机理,研究了该吸附剂对废水的除磷性能.结果表明：酸化过程洗掉了膨润土中的杂质和氧化铝,稀土镧的掺杂在膨润土层间及表面引入了一定数量的羟基化合物,改善了膨润土的层间结构并生成了新的La-O-Si键,实现了La与膨润土的复合,提高了膨润土的吸附性能.     

入门之路

 在小学时期,我看过《十万个为什么》一书,自然界的千奇百怪、多姿多采带给我好多幻想,也使我产生了好多问题,可大人们总是说:“你还小,等长大了你就知道了”我期待着长大.小学毕业,我考进省重点中学武汉六中.雄厚的师资,严谨的学风造就了我,年近花甲的何国贤老师把我带进了数学王国,严格的逻辑思维,高超的运算技巧使我入了迷,学习中的进步增加了我的兴趣,竞赛中的取胜更增强了我的信心.     

干涉条纹的处理方法研究

论述了干涉图的图像处理方法,提出了干涉图反高斯变换的光强平均分布处理,保证了干涉图信号的完整性,同时将基于视觉零交叉理论的边缘检测方法应用于干涉条纹的边缘检测中,精确地检测了干涉条纹的边缘,减小了上干涉条纹提取相位差的误差,并与常用的二值化方法进行比较,最后给出了一个有效的干涉条纹细化方法,并与其它处理方法进行了比较 。     

时间相关单光子计数光谱仪的优化

分析了原有时间相关单光子计数光谱仪存在的不足,提出了改进方案。研制了高速数据采集系统,采用PCI总线技术、FPGA技术,开发了高速光谱数据采集卡,取代了原有的多道分析仪,数据采集速度达到20 MB/s,比原有仪器提高了约200倍;改善了仪器的性能、减小了体积。介绍了光谱仪系统的集成和工作流程,并对仪器的性能进行分析,通过多种标准样品的试验数据分析和对比,光谱仪系统具有最高的灵敏度-单光子计数,测得荧光寿命可达到ps量级,而且可以测得时间分辨光谱。     

Blackfin DSP并行外围接口在红外视频处理通用模块中的应用研究

介绍了Blackfin系列DSP的并行外围接口,提出了一种红外视频处理通用模块的构架,省略了数据缓冲硬件环节,缩短了数据等待时间,提高了DSP的运算效率。     

入口有限制的硅微通道沸腾换热特性

本文在8根水力直径均为186ìm的硅微平行通道的入口端加工了限制装置,抑制了通道间的相互作用,得到了稳定的气液两相流动,并借助于可视化技术,揭示了通道内部不同区段典型的流型特点.分析了经过通道的压降和局部换热系数的变化规律,并用经验关系式和试验结果进行了比较.     

高速CCD成像电路抗串扰技术

为了解决高速CCD成像电路串扰问题,分析了产生串扰的原因,建立了CCD成像电路的串扰模型,提出了有效的抗串扰技术。对多通道的CCD视频信号采用带状线而非微带线并使用防护布线进行隔离。对多通道的电源供电进行了隔离,设计并采取有效的去耦电容布线方法,降低了寄生电感,避免了由电源公共阻抗引起的串扰。采用统一的地平面,对模拟电路和数字电路进行分区布局,避免了地弹对信号的影响。针对一个串扰较严重的CCD成像电路进行了实验,结果表明:采取上述抗串扰技术后,通道隔离度大于60 dB,有效降低了串扰,提高了图像质量。     

牛顿学说在中国的早期传播及其影响

 众所周知,伊萨克•牛顿(IsaacNewton,1642～1727)是英国伟大的科学家,其研究领域包括了物理学、数学、天文学、自然哲学、炼金术和神学。牛顿发明了微积分,发现了万有引力定律,创建了经典力学,设计并制造了第一架反射式望远镜等,被誉为人类历史上最有影响力的科学家。正如恩格斯所说:"牛顿由于发明了万有引力定律而创立了科学的天文学;由于进行了光的分解,而创立了科学的光学;由于创立了二项式定理和无限理论而创立了科学的数学;由于认识了力的本质,而创立了科学的力学"。假如牛顿生活的时代就有诺贝尔奖的话,他无疑会多次获得诺贝尔奖。为了纪念牛顿的杰出成就,以牛顿的姓氏命名力的单位,国际天文学联合会还把662号小行星命名为牛顿小行星。     

Reconfigurable optical differential phase-shift-keying pattern recognition based on incoherent photonic processing

We propose and experimentally demonstrate asynchronous optical differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) pattern recognition using a fully reconfigurable technique. The proposed method uses optical phase-to-bipolar intensity conversion through all-optical differentiation in conjunction with an incoherent time-spectrum convolution system where the pattern to be recognized is implemented directly in the spectral domain through optical amplitude-only linear filtering. Full reconfigurability in terms of bit rate, pattern sequence, and pattern length is achieved using electronically programmable optical filters. We demonstrate dynamically switching recognition of different 64?bit patterns in a continuous 12?Gb/s DPSK pseudorandom optical bit stream with contrast ratio up to 3.8?dB.     

Efficiency improvement of optical pattern recognition in ultra-fast all-optical intensity equalizer

To cope with a larger intensity fluctuation of optical signals in optical communication networks, we have proposed and demonstrated an ultra-fast all-optical intensity equalizer based on an optical pattern recognition technique. To achieve higher transfer efficiency for this equalizer, we designed and fabricated a highly-efficient optical amplitude-phase filter using a diffractive optical element for optical pattern recognition. The fabricated amplitude-phase filter provides a diffraction efficiency of 85%, and the all-optical intensity equalizer is demonstrated to have higher transfer efficiency, when this filter is used.     

用光学方法实现么正变换及一般线性变换(Ⅳ)——图形识别及投影算子

本文指出,图形识别实质上是图形空间中的表象变换(坐标系变换)。由于表象变换是通过么正变换实现的,用光学方法进行图形识别是比较合适的。本文着重讨论了如何只根据所需识别的标准图形组,构造光学系统,即用光学方法直接实现投影变换的方法。并进一步发展了文献[3]中的优化方法。 关键词：     

Existence problem of optical correlation based pattern recognition

The existence problem of optical correlation based pattern recognition, namely its range of validity and its limitation, is discussed in this paper conjointly with the function approximation theory of neural networks. The conclusion is that only if the sets to be recognized are linearly separable (which is rare) or the subsets, in which a segmental sample of the targets is involved, are linearly separable, can the classical 4f optical correlation system carry out the task of recognition inerrably. The recognition principle of a joint transform correlator is the same as that of a 4f system, and so is its range of validities. Based on the demonstration of the existence problem of optical correlation based pattern recognition an evaluation on some important problems that were studied in this field over the past 40 years is presented explicitly.     

Image restoration of skin scattering and optical blurring for finger vein recognition

Finger vein recognition has been adopted due to its high recognition rate and the invisibility of vein in visible light. However, because a finger vein pattern is not distinctive due to light scattering in the skin layer, the localization of a finger vein pattern region using an image processing algorithm is a difficult procedure. Also, optical blurring increases these difficulties. We propose a new finger vein image restoration method to deal with skin scattering and optical blurring. Our research is novel in three ways compared to previous studies. Firstly, the amount of optical blurring of a finger vein image is measured based on the average gradient of the orthogonal profile of a finger edge. Secondly, the accurate point spread function (PSF) of optical blurring is adaptively determined based on the orthogonal profile of a finger edge. Thirdly, using a constrained least square (CLS) filter and optimized parameters in terms of the lowest error of finger vein recognition, the restoration of a skin scattered and optically blurred finger vein pattern was performed. Experimental results show that the equal error rate (EER) of finger vein recognition with restoration was reduced by as much as 3.14% (5.05-1.91%) compared to the EER without restoration.     

A review of optical pattern recognition techniques

Automatic pattern recognition is the subject of a large literature, much of it theoretical. The present review paper deals primarily with optical pattern recognition techniques, and concentrates on the principles of recognition rather than the detailed physics and technology of opto-electronic transduction. Mathematical, sequential, and interactive techniques are mentioned only briefly because they have already been well reviewed by various authors.     

强度不变的自动模式识别技术

针对光学模式识别技术用化要求，提出一种新的图像预处理算法，使识别现场光照明强度及分布的变化对识别效率所带来的影响大大降低。采用该算法进行实时硬件光学相关试验结果证实应用该算法可以实现强度的自动目标识别。     

A Mach–Zehnder joint transform correlator with the simulated annealing algorithm for pattern recognition

A non-zero order joint transform correlator based on a Mach–Zehnder system is presented for optical pattern recognition. The reference function is yielded by simulated annealing algorithm. Additionally, in order to achieve global convergence, the cost function should be set appropriately. The reference function is successful for pattern recognition.     

一种用于光纤链路振动信号模式识别的规整化复合特征提取方法

相位光时域反射链路监测系统是一种利用光纤作为传感介质的传感系统, 能够监测、定位、识别入侵信号.模式识别模块是其重要组成部分, 实时智能区分安全扰动和危险入侵.本文提出一种用于光纤链路振动信号模式识别的复合特征提取方法.利用改进的双门限方法确定有效信号段的起止位置, 结合最大能量与最高信噪比挑选出采样周期内主要入侵扰动的特征段.综合利用特征段时域持续时间和小波包能量谱提取复合特征向量, 使用支持向量机进行模式识别.实验表明, 基于本文提出的规整化特征提取方法的模式识别准确率有了显著提高.     

光学神经网络模式识别系统原理及其现状

评述光学神经网络模式识别系统的原理及发展现状并就几个比较典型的问题进行了讨论。