ω-巯基己酸自组装修饰金电极及其对叶绿素的催化氧化还原作用

用自组装技术以ω－巯基己酸（６－ＭＨＡ）对金电极进行修饰。通过表面增强拉曼散射（ＳＥＲＳ）光谱和电化学方法研究了６－ＭＨＡ自组装单分子膜（ＳＡＭ）在金电极表面的形成及由此引起的电极双电层电容的变化,并研究了该自组装单分子膜的结构模型及修饰电极对叶绿素的催化性能。结果表明,６－ＭＨＡ在金电极表面能够形成一层自组装膜,并对叶绿素的氧化还原过程具有明显的催化作用。     

溶液酸碱性对金纳米粒子在端基功能化单分子膜表面组装影响的SERS光谱研究

在4,4’-二硫联吡啶在Au表面形成自组装单分子层膜的基础上,采用表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)研究了在不同pH值条件下金纳米粒子在4,4’-二硫联吡啶自组装单分子膜/Au体系表面的组装。研究结果表明,由于处于单分子膜表面的吡啶环中氮原子的质子化程度随溶液环境中pH值的变化而变化,使得金纳米粒子与单分子膜表面间的结合作用程度不同,由此会引起金纳米粒子在单分子膜表面的覆盖度存在差异,并最终导致所观测到的4-巯基吡啶自组装单分子膜的SERS光谱强度存在明显的差异。而且,令人感兴趣的是,所观测到的SERS谱峰强度随金纳米粒子组装时pH值的变化呈现出明显的规律性。结合分子结构特征的分析,初步阐明了SERS谱峰强度随pH值这一组装条件的改变而发生规律性变化的内在原因。     

2,3-二巯基丁二酸在银表面的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱及电还原特性

采用原位电化学表面增强拉曼光谱(EC-SERS)和电化学还原方法,研究了内消旋-2,3-二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)在活化的银电极上的吸附行为。通过模型分子DMSA进行结构优化的密度泛函理论计算,得到了理论拉曼光谱。在相同的DMSA自组装时间条件下,其在Ag电极表面的覆盖度倒数与溶液浓度倒数成线性关系,说明DMSA单分子层在活性Ag表面的化学吸附遵循Langmuir等温吸附模型。在酸性介质中,DMSA浸置自组装50 min后,SERS峰强趋于稳定,达到了该浓度下的动态吸附平衡。EC-SERS信号随施加电位的负移逐渐减弱至基本消失。通过计算探针分子DMSA在不同电位下的增强因子(EF),指出较负电位下存在着还原/脱附作用,使得Ag表面的拉曼活性降低,尤其在小于-0.4 V的还原电位时,增强因子显著减小。     

硒杂环-金属离子在乙醇溶液中的紫外吸收光谱

研究了不同分子结构的硒杂环化合物—金属离子在乙醇溶液中的紫外吸收光谱 ,硒杂环均为苤硒脑类化合物 (piazselenoles,简称Pis) :4 ,5 benzopiazselenole(BP) ;anthra[1,2 c][1,2 ,5 ]selenadiazol 6 ,11 dione(AS) ;piazselenole(PS) ;5 methyl piazselenole(MP) ;4 ,6 diBr piazselenole(DBP) ;4 ,4 ' dipiazselenole(DP)。结果表明 :Pis随分子共轭体系增大或共轭效应增强 ,紫外吸收波长λ呈现有规律地红移 ,摩尔吸光系数ε增大 ;Sn(Ⅳ ) ,Cd(Ⅱ ) ,Cr(Ⅲ ) ,Sb(Ⅲ ) ,Fe(Ⅲ ) ,Fe(Ⅱ )及Cu(Ⅱ ) BP≥ 1均使BP的紫外吸收增强 ,Zn(Ⅱ )的影响较小。Sn(Ⅳ ) ,Cr(Ⅲ )和Sb(Ⅲ )均可使Pis的短波位置的紫外吸收增强 ,使MP于 2 33nm处的峰形变钝。     

CdS纳米粒子的自组装单分子膜制备研究

利用疏基乙酸与草酸的混合自组装单分子膜成功制备了粒径分布均匀的CdS纳米粒子，并用SEM，XRD，XPS，PL对样品进行了表征。SEM表明形成在自组装单分子膜表面上的CdS纳米粒子的平均粒径约为45nm。XPS表明在自组装单分子膜表面形成了CdS纳米粒子。PL谱表明CdS纳米粒子在675nm有一峰值波长，我们认为这一发光是由表面缺陷造成的。     

半胱胺单分子膜结构的表面增强拉曼散射研究(英文)

在金属电极表面所形成的有机分子的单分子膜或薄膜对于基础研究和实际应用都有着极其重要的意义。以化学吸附形式在金电极表面所形成的半胱胺单分子膜,常常用于蛋白质等生物大分子在金属表面进行吸附的连接层,以避免这些生物大分子在金属表面直接吸附而造成的变性、失活现象的发生。本文报道了我们采用表面增强拉曼散射光谱方法研究在金电极表面吸附的半胱胺单分子膜的结构特征。研究结果表明,在金电极表面所形成的半胱胺单分子膜中,半胱胺分子主要的构型为扭转构型。在与金表面的相互作用中,由于除巯基的结合作用以外,还存在半胱胺分子中端基氨基和金表面较强的亲和性,使得以扭转构型吸附在金表面的半胱胺单分子膜相当稳定。这是金电极表面的半胱胺单分子膜结构的主要行征。当考察外加电势对此单分子膜结构的影响时,可以发现有关扭转构型的特征谱峰其相对强度随着电位负移而减小。这一结构随电位的变化关系可以通过表面电势的变化对氨基氮原子上孤对电子与金属表面间相互作用的影响来加以阐释。     

金银纳米粒子的电化学性质及联苯胺的SERS研究

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸,硼氢化钠还原硝酸银分别制备了较小粒径的金、银纳米粒子。运用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)对金、银纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明：所得金、银纳米粒子粒径分别约为16和10 nm,并能以亚单层形式组装于导电玻璃(ITO)表面;CV图显示金、银纳米粒子分别有一对不对称的氧化还原峰,而且纳米粒子的浓度对其氧化还原电位存在一定的影响。采用自组装方法,以联苯胺为偶联分子, 在粗糙金基底表面构筑了金/银纳米粒子的双层有序结构。表面增强拉曼光谱研究表明, 在有序金银纳米粒子组装体中偶联分子的拉曼散射得到了增强。     

硒杂环-金属离子在乙醇溶液中的发光

研究了不同分子结构的硒杂环化合物 金属离子在乙醇溶液中的发光 ,硒杂环均为苤硒脑类化合物(Piazselenoles,简称Pis) :Piazselenole(PS) ;4 ,5 benzopiazselenole(BP) ;5 methyl piazselenole(MP) ;4 ,4 ' dipi azselenole(DP)。结果表明 :Pis的Em随分子共轭体系增大或共轭效应增强而出现有规律地红移 ;Sn(Ⅳ )对Pis的发光有明显的增敏作用 :使DP的Em蓝移 ;对MP荧光减弱 ,对BP和DP均有明显的荧光增强作用 ,对常温下不发光的PS ,在Sn(Ⅳ ) PS乙醇溶液有较强的特征荧光 (Ex =35 5nm ,Em =4 2 6nm) ;此外 ,Cr(Ⅲ ) ,Cd(Ⅱ ) ,Cu(Ⅱ ) ,Sb(Ⅲ )和Sn(Ⅳ )均使BP荧光增强 ,Fe(Ⅲ )和Fe(Ⅱ )浓度较大时使BP荧光减弱 ,Zn(Ⅱ )却几乎没有影响     

硅基硒纳米颗粒的发光特性研究

由于尺寸缩小引起的量子效应, 硒(Se) 材料的低维纳米结构具有更高的光响应和低的阈值激射等特性, 因此成为纳米电子与纳米光电子器件领域一个重要的研究方向. 本文通过对非晶硒薄膜的快速热退火来制备硒纳米颗粒, 退火温度在100–180℃之间时, 结晶后的硒纳米颗粒均为三角晶体结构, 其颗粒尺寸随退火温度的增加而线性增大. 光致发光谱测试发现三个发光峰, 分别位于1.4eV, 1.7eV和1.83eV. 研究发现位于1.4eV处的发光峰来源于非晶硒缺陷发光, 位于1.83eV处的发光峰来源于晶体硒的带带跃迁发光; 而位于1.7eV处的发光峰强度随激发功率增强而指数增大, 且向短波长移动, 该发光峰应该来源于非晶硒与硒纳米颗粒界面处的施主-受主对复合发光. 关键词： 硅基 硒纳米颗粒 光致发光 施主-受主对     

2-氨基乙硫醇自组装单分子膜表面电离常数的FT-SERS方法测定(英文)

本文报道了采用原位傅立叶变换-表面增强拉曼散射(Fouriertransform-surfaceenhancedRamanscattering,FT-SERS)光谱技术测定在缓冲溶液和金电极界面上自组装单分子膜(self-assembledmonolayers,SAMs)的表面电离常数及其随电极电位改变的研究之初步结果。该方法通过应用FT-SERS原位光谱技术测定SAMs中质子化端基氨基的对离子ClO4特征峰强度随溶液pH值改变而变化的数值,获得相应的FT-SERS滴定曲线,进而可以确定一定条件下该SAMs功能化端基的表面电离常数。实验测定了2-氨基乙硫醇(2-aminoethanethiol,2AT)SAMs在三个不同电位下,在含有NaClO4支持电解质的Britton＆Robinson缓总溶液中的表面电离常数。实验结果揭示了在所研究的电位范围内,2ATSAMs端基氨基基团的表面pKa值随电极电位的正向增加而减小的变化规律。     

Trapping and release of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles

An electrical method to trap and release charged gold nanoparticles onto and from the surface of gold electrodes modified by an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is presented. To form electrodes coated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), amine-terminated SAMs on gold electrodes were immersed in a solution of negatively charged citrate-capped GNPs. Accumulation of GNPs on the electrode surface was monitored by a decrease in the impedance of the SAM-modified electrode and by an increase in the electrochemical activity at the electrode as shown through cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrostatic interactions between the GNPs and the amine-terminated SAM trap the GNPs on the electrode surface. Application of a subsequent negative bias to the electrode initiated a partial release of the GNPs from the electrode surface. Impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor and confirm the attraction of GNPs to and release from the aminealkanethiolated gold electrodes. This work describes a method of trapping and release for citrate-capped GNPs that could be used for on-demand nanoparticle delivery applications such as in assessing and modeling nanoparticle toxicology, as well as for monitoring the functionalization of gold nanoparticles.     

Preparation and study of complex self-assembled film as a super-thin barrier on silver

A self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of (3-mercaptopropy) trimethoxysilane (3-MPT) chemisorbed on silver surface was chemically modified by 1-octadecanethiol (C₁₈H₃₇SH) (to form self-assembled mixed-monolayer (SAMM)) and the co-polymer of N-vinylcarbazole and methyl methacrylate ester to form complex self-assemblied film (CSAF). The combinative state of interface between SAMs (or SAMM) and co-polymer were characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The thickness of film on Ag was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in 10% NaOH aqueous solution with the silver surface and covered with film indicated that 3-MPT SAMs modified with C₁₈H₃₇SH and then with co-polymer have higher capability against oxidation.     

Characterization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon substrate comparative with polymer substrate for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection

This article presents the characterization of two substrates, silicon and polymer coated with gold, that are functionalized by mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in order to efficiently immobilize the anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 polyclonal purified antibody.A biosurface functionalized by SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) technique has been developed. Immobilization of goat anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody was performed by covalently bonding of thiolate mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) realized on two substrates: polymer coated with gold and silicon coated with gold. The F(ab′)₂ fragments of the antibodies have been used for eliminating nonspecific bindings between the Fc portions of antibodies and the Fc receptor on cells. The properties of the monolayers and the biofilm formatted with attached antibody molecules were analyzed at each step using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In our study the gold-coated silicon substrates approach yielded the best results.These experimental results revealed the necessity to investigate each stage of the immobilization process taking into account in the same time the factors that influence the chemistry of the surface and the further interactions as well and also provide a solid basis for further studies aiming at elaborating sensitive and specific immunosensor or a microarray for the detection of E. coli O157:H7.     

Surface modification of copper with 2-dodecylpropane-1,3-dithiol: The key effect of the solvent

Self-assembly of alkanethiol on gold in various solvents (alkane, alcohol, etc) leads to monolayers with similar properties. However when the self-assembly is performed on copper substrates, the nature of the solvent has an effect on the properties of the monolayer. This phenomenon arises from the chemical interaction of copper with the solvent, which is not the case of gold.Ethanol is a solvent widely used for self-assembly, however some studies pointed out its negative effect due to its significant chemical reactivity towards copper and its ability to chemisorb on the surface.The aim of this work consists in a comparative investigation of 2-dodecylpropane-1,3-dithiol (or R(SH)₂) in various solvents and its ability to form stable SAMs, densely packed and well ordered. Characterizations of the SAMs are carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).     

A novel fullerene lipoic acid derivative: Synthesis and preparation of self-assembled monolayers on gold

Synthesis and preparation of self-assembled monolayers of a novel fullerene lipoic acid derivative on gold are reported. The presence of densely packed SAMs was confirmed by ellipsometry and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical response of the modified electrode in organic media exhibits the first two redox peaks characteristic of the extended π-electron system of fullerene. C₆₀ surface coverage (1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol cm⁻²) has been electrochemically determined by the redox process of the adsorbed fullerene moiety and by reductive desorption of the SAM in strong alkaline solution. Electrochemical data indicate that all four sulphur atoms are involved in the self-assembly process, providing an increase of SAM stability in comparison to mono or di-thiolated appended molecules. Visualisation of discrete fullerene molecules by scanning tunnelling microscopy supplied further evidence for gold modification and molecular distribution on the surface. Mixed monolayers of hexanethiol and fullerene derivatives in a proportion of 1:2 have been also studied with the purpose of controlling the amount and distribution of fullerene units on the gold surface.     

Adsorption and reduction reactions of anthraquinone derivatives on gold electrodes studied with electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Electrochemical surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC‐SERS), combined with cyclic voltammetry, and the density functional theoretical (DFT) method were used to investigate self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) adsorption and reduction processes. Here, we choose the system of interest, being thiolacetyl‐terminated 2‐phenylene ethynylene‐substituted anthraquinone molecule (2‐AQ) on gold electrodes in buffered aqueous and aprotic solutions. In the buffered aqueous solution, the results of cyclic voltammetry and EC‐SERS measurements, as well as DFT calculations, indicate that the adsorbed molecules pass through a two‐electron two‐proton reduction reaction with cathodic polarization. In particular, the latter two methods confirmed the structural changes of SAMs during the process of redox reaction, 2‐AQ + 2e + 2H⁺ → 2‐AQH₂, where 2‐AQ and 2‐AQH₂ are the oxidized and reduced forms, respectively. In aprotic solutions (acetonitile), a stepwise reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of the results of EC‐SERS and DFT calculations. The first reduction peak should be a half reaction process 2‐AQ + e → 2‐AQ⁻, where 2‐AQ⁻ is a single electron reduced form. Compared with that of 2‐AQ SAMs in the buffered aqueous solution, the results of EC‐SERS and DFT calculations in aprotic solution suggested that the solvent effect significantly influences the redox process of 2‐AQ in electrochemical interfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Silver ions adsorbed to self-assembled monolayers of alkanedithiols on gold surfaces form Ag–dithiol–Au multilayer structures

Double-ended alkanedithiols, 1,9-nonanedithiol and 1,5-pentanedithiol, formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(l11) substrates and were used to adsorb silver ions from an ethanolic solution of silver nitrate and formed Ag–dithiol–Au multilayer structures. Ellipsometry, contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the alkanedithiol molecules formed SAMs with only one-ended thiol groups attached to the Au substrates, which was supported by molecular mechanics calculation. XPS and X-ray Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) indicated that silver ions were deposited onto the SAMs from the solution by the chemical reaction of silver nitrate with another-ended thiol groups of the SAMs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe SAMs and multilayer structures. Received: 20 January 2000 / Accepted: 18 April 2000 / Published online: 9 August 2000     

巯基苯并咪唑在银电极表面的自组装吸附特性及表面增强拉曼光谱

采用循环伏安法处理Ag电极,得到活化的具有表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)效应的粗糙Ag表面,进一步采用激光拉曼光谱探讨了2-巯基苯并咪唑(MBI)在其表面的自组装分子层的吸附特性。实验表明,在活性Ag表面的MBI自组装分子层能够产生理想的SERS效应,其强度随探针分子MBI浓度的增加先提高后减弱,达到一定浓度时因受其空间位阻等因素的影响,增强效应减弱。MBI在1×10^-6 mol·L^-1 浓度时增强效果最大。拉曼增强效应随着体系酸度的变化有着明显不同,在强酸性条件下的增强效应明显优于中性和碱性条件。MBI分子存在两种不同的异构体和在不同酸度下存在3种不同的存在形态,并形成动态平衡。pH <2时,MBI分子主要以硫酮式MBI⁺存在,并以巯基上的S:与活性Ag以配位方式吸附成键,其整个大π键平面垂直地吸附于Ag表面,产生相对较大的SERS信号。pH >2时,由于硫酮式和硫醇式与活性Ag的键合方式和能力不同,硫醇式上的S与Ag以S-Ag共价方式同时双键侧上的N以配位方式协同参与吸附成键,比硫酮式MBI⁺的单纯配位吸附要强,因而形成了竞争吸附,表现为SERS在pH=2~3.7之间的急剧下降。MBI硫醇式由于以S-Ag、N-Ag键的协同吸附,形成了倾斜侧卧式垂直吸附,而使拉曼增强效应相对减弱。     

Surface modification of cobalt-chromium-tungsten-nickel alloy using octadecyltrichlorosilanes

Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys have been extensively used for medical implants because of their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. This first time study reports the formation and stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy. SAMs of octadecyltrichlorosilanes (OTS) were coated on sputtered Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy thin film and bulk Co-Cr-W-Ni alloy. OTS SAM coated alloy specimens were characterized using contact angle goniometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contact angle analysis and FTIR suggested that ordered monolayers were coated on both sputtered and bulk alloy. XPS suggested the selective dissolution of cobalt from the alloy during the formation of OTS SAM. The bonding between the alloy and the OTS SAM was mainly attributed to Si-O-Cr and Si-O-W covalent bonds and a smaller contribution from Si-O-Co bonds. AFM images showed the distribution of islands of monolayers coated on the alloy. The height of monolayers in majority of the islands was closer to the theoretical length of fully extended OTS molecules oriented perpendicular to the surface. The stability of OTS SAM was investigated in tris-buffered saline at 37 °C for up to 7 days. Contact angle, FTIR, and XPS collectively confirmed that the monolayers remain ordered and bound to the alloy surface under this condition. This study shows that Co-Cr alloys can be surface modified using SAMs for potential biomedical applications.