Design of photonic crystal power couplers via gratinglike surfaces

This work deals with the inverse design in the field of photonic crystal based devices. We use the finite-difference time-domain method in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to design a power coupler between two photonic crystal waveguides. By optimizing the structure of gratinglike surfaces added near the photonic crystal waveguides, we have obtained several simple power couplers considering different coupling lengths. These couplers have high coupling efficiency as well as high power intensity in the propagation direction.     

Packing density of conventional waveguides and photonic crystal waveguides

We compare coupling between parallel waveguides within one-dimensional photonic crystals and coupling between conventional waveguides. We consider the situation in which coupling between the waveguides is minimized, so that light in the waveguides propagates essentially independently. Subject to this condition, we compare the minimum mutual distance between conventional planar waveguides and waveguides in one-dimensional photonic crystals. We find that the packing densities of the conventional and periodic structures are comparable.     

光子晶体耦合波导实现光开关效应的研究

提出了一种基于光子晶体耦合波导实现光开关效应的方法:将线缺陷引入二维光子晶体以形成两平行的邻近波导,两邻近波导及其中间的两排介质柱构成了光开关模型耦合区;利用平面波展开法计算了不同介质填充率情况下的色散特性.结果发现:减小介质填充率可以实现波导耦合长度的减小;分段调整中间介质柱的填充率和选择不同的耦合搭配长度,定向耦合...     

A three-channels WDM based on MMI in photonic crystal

A photonic crystal waveguide coupling structure can be constructed by putting three adjacent photonic crystal waveguides in parallel. Guided mode propagation method is employed to analyze the interference behavior of the approximate solution in such a coupling and the self-image phenomenon in multi-mode waveguides. A three-channel multimode interference wavelength division multiplexing can be obtained. The presented device has a high transmission rate as well as the advantage of multi-wavelength selection, thus it may have a potentially practical application in future photonic integrated circuit.     

二维光子晶体平行多波导的传输光谱研究

采用时域有限差分法研究二维光子晶体两平行直波导以及三平行直波导的传输特性。计算结果表明,两平行波导在不同的频率范围内表现出不同的耦合特性：在高频段两波导表现出相互的能量交换,实现光耦合,而在低频段传输谱图重合,各波导传输光强均为入射光强的二分之一;对于三波导系统,发现在不同的频率范围内主波导与两耦合波导之间也表现出不同的耦合特性：在高频段两耦合波导与主波导实现光耦合,而在低频段两耦合波导与主波导的传输谱图同步变化,耦合波导的传输光强均约为入射光强的四分之一。     

光子晶体定向耦合三波长功分器

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行以一行耦合介质柱为间距的平行单模线缺陷波导.通过分析和研究光子晶体波导耦合结构的耦合和解耦合特性,发现在不同频率下耦合波导的耦合长度不同.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合波导的耦合长度,设计了一种新型超微光子晶体波导耦合型三波长功分器,实现了归一化频率分别为0.369、0.394、0.435的光波的分束效果.采用时域有限差分法验证了该功分器具有很好的功率分配效果.本文结果有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器、偏振光分束器以及光开关等光子器件的研究.     

Tunable coupling of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of two identical dielectric cylinders and a silver film

The propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) is intrinsically limited by the metallic ohmic loss that is enhanced by the strongly confined electromagnetic field. In this paper, we propose a new class of hybrid plasmonic waveguides(HPWs) that can support long-range SPP propagation while keeping subwavelength optical field confinement. It is shown that the coupling between the waveguides can be well tuned by simply varying the structural parameters. Compared with conventional HPWs, a larger propagation length as well as a better optical field confinement can be simultaneously realized. The proposed structure with better optical performance can be useful for future photonic device design and optical integration research.     

平行光子晶体波导的传输特性及应用

采用时域有限差分法研究两平行光子晶体波导的传输特性及模场分布,利用耦合模理论计算光子晶体波导的耦合系数。计算结果表明,在不同的频率范围内两平行光子晶体波导之间表现出不同的耦合特性:在高频段(0.32~0.44)(ωa/2πc)的范围内两直波导表现出相互的能量交换,实现光耦合,耦合系数随入射波 频率增加而减小;而在低频段(0.29~0.32)(ωa/2πc)的范围内,两波导的传输谱图几乎重合。最后,提出一种采用固定波导耦合长度同时实现光分束及光均分器的方案,当耦合长度取34a时,可将频率为0.333 (ωa/2πc)和 0.357(ωa/2πc)的两入射波分束传播,同时将低频段中的任意频率波进行能量均分。     

基于自映像的光子晶体波导分束器的设计

通过研究2维正方晶格光子晶体波导多模干涉的自映像效应,优化设计了一种新型1×2光子晶体波导分束器,采用时域有限差分法对其传输特性进行模拟分析。设计过程中,根据多模干涉耦合区中周期出现的双重像的位置确定两个单模输出波导的位置,通过在分束器输入和输出耦合区的连结处设置介质柱,改变输入和输出耦合区中的模场分布,实现模式匹配,从而明显减小分束器的反射损耗。计算结果表明:设置的介质柱归一化半径分别为0.08和0.177时,对于波长为1.55μm的入射光,该分束器的透射率可高达93%。     

Asymmetric plasmonic-dielectric coupler with short coupling length, high extinction ratio, and low insertion loss

Asymmetric directional coupling between a hybrid plasmonic waveguide with subwavelength field confinement and a conventional dielectric waveguide is investigated. The proposed hybrid coupler features short coupling length, high coupling efficiency, high extinction ratio, and low insertion loss; it can also be integrated into a silicon-based platform. This coupler can be potentially adopted for signal routing between plasmonic waveguides and dielectric waveguides in photonic integrated circuits. Furthermore, it can be exploited to efficiently excite hybrid plasmonic modes with conventional dielectric modes.     

Adiabatic coupling between conventional dielectric waveguides and waveguides with discrete translational symmetry

We study adiabatic transformation in optical waveguides with discrete translational symmetry. We calculate the reflection and transmission coefficient for a structure consisting of a slab waveguide that is adiabatically transformed into a photonic crystal waveguide and then back into a slab waveguide. The calculation yields high transmission over a wide frequency range of the photonic crystal waveguide band and indicates efficient coupling between the slab waveguide and the photonic crystal waveguide. Other applications of adiabatic mode transformation in photonic crystal waveguides and the coupled-resonator optical waveguides are also discussed.     

三平行光子晶体单模波导的耦合特性及其应用

将三光子晶体单模波导的相互耦合看成一个多模干涉系统.本征模的色散曲线相交或近于相交并出现简并模，简并模之间存在强烈耦合并导致模式的分布方式发生转变.多模干涉系统中，不同波长的光波能量在传输过程中由于相干而具有不同的空间输出行为，在近简并点处多模之间的相干解除，能流限制在原输入方向，不发生转移.三光子晶体单模光波导的这种特性可用来制作波分复用或解复用器件. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 简并模 多模干涉 波分复用或解复用     

硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导及集成器件

总结并展望了硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导及集成器件方面的理论和实验研究工作。首先介绍了几种硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导结构,其尺寸可小至100 nm以下,而传播长度达100μm量级;其次介绍了基于硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导的功分器、偏振分束器和谐振器等集成器件,其尺寸为亚微米量级;最后探讨了硅基混合表面等离子体纳米光波导与硅纳米线光波导的耦合及对其进行增益补偿。     

Experimental realization of highly efficient broadband coupling of single quantum dots to a photonic crystal waveguide

We present time-resolved spontaneous emission measurements of single quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal waveguides. Quantum dots that couple to a photonic crystal waveguide are found to decay up to 27 times faster than uncoupled quantum dots. From these measurements beta-factors of up to 0.89 are derived, and an unprecedented large bandwidth of 20 nm is demonstrated. This shows the promising potential of photonic crystal waveguides for efficient single-photon sources. The scaled frequency range over which the enhancement is observed is in excellent agreement with recent theoretical proposals taking into account that the light-matter coupling is strongly enhanced due to the significant slow-down of light in the photonic crystal waveguides.     

A quantum photonic dissipative transport theory

In this paper, a quantum transport theory for describing photonic dissipative transport dynamics in nanophotonics is developed. The nanophotonic devices concerned in this paper consist of on-chip all-optical integrated circuits incorporating photonic bandgap waveguides and driven resonators embedded in nanostructured photonic crystals. The photonic transport through waveguides is entirely determined from the exact master equation of the driven resonators, which is obtained by explicitly eliminating all the degrees of freedom of the waveguides (treated as reservoirs). Back-reactions from the reservoirs are fully taken into account. The relation between the driven photonic dynamics and photocurrents is obtained explicitly. The non-Markovian memory structure and quantum decoherence dynamics in photonic transport can then be fully addressed. As an illustration, the theory is utilized to study the transport dynamics of a photonic transistor consisting of a nanocavity coupled to two waveguides in photonic crystals. The controllability of photonic transport through the external driven field is demonstrated.     

光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关

以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行平行的单模线缺陷波导,以一行耦合介质柱为间距,通过调节部分耦合介质柱的折射率,构筑了光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关结构。利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合介质柱的折射率不同时的耦合长度,确定了合适的光子晶体异质结耦合波导光开关的结构参数。利用时域有限差分法研究了该光开关中耦合介质柱的折射率变化及异质结构介质柱的位置分布对光信号输出路径的影响。结果表明,通过改变该结构中耦合介质柱的折射率可以改变光的输出路径,可实现光的开关行为。并且异质结构介质柱位置的随机分布对该光开关的影响不大,有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器以及光开关等光子器件的研究。     

Improved photonic crystal directional coupler with short length

We investigate a photonic crystal (PC) waveguide coupler which is formed by two closely spaced linear waveguides in a two-dimensional triangular lattice of air holes. Our study shows that shifting one row of the air holes between the waveguides affects the dispersion curves of the guided modes and if the triangular lattice of air holes between the waveguides is replaced by a rectangular lattice, this modification results in an ultra-short coupling structure with coupling length less than 3a, where a is the lattice constant. Also, we investigate the effect of changing the radii of air holes that are adjacent to or between the waveguides on the coupling length and show that increasing the radius of air holes between the waveguides decreases the coupling length. We analyze the output spectrum of an ultra-short channel drop filter designed based on this structure.     

基于波导间能量耦合效应的光子晶体频段选择与能量分束器

基于波导间能量耦合效应的光子晶体功率分束器具有结构紧凑、带宽较宽、弯曲损耗低、分光角度大和不受外界电磁场干扰等优点.本文利用时域有限差分方法,理论研究了二维三角晶格光子晶体耦合波导的功率分束特性,设计得出了一种能够在宽频谱范围内针对不同频率区间实现不同分光比的功能器件.在此基础上通过改变耦合区介质柱形状以及输出分支波导与能量耦合波导的连接位置,最终针对三个相邻频率范围内的入射光信号,较好地实现了三均分、二均分、单一输出通道这3种能量分配输出模式.该功能器件具有透过率对比度高、结构紧凑等特性,对于发展全光功能器件在大规模全光复杂集成领域内的实际应用具有一定的促进作用.     

Analysis of adiabatic coupling between photonic crystal single-line-defect and coupled-resonator optical waveguides

A detailed analysis of adiabatic coupling between conventional photonic crystal single-line-defect and coupled-resonator optical waveguides is reported. Adiabatic coupling by progressive variation of the radii of the spacing defects between cavities is investigated. Flat transmission spectra with coupling efficiencies greater than 90% are achieved in a broad frequency range with short coupling lengths. Moreover, we find that flat transmission at low frequencies requires longer coupling lengths partly because the requirements imposed for adiabatic transmission in photonic crystals are violated.     

Transmission Characteristics of 90° Bent Photonic Crystal Waveguides

There are several key factors that affect the transmission characteristics of the 90° (L-shaped) bent photonic crystal waveguides. The first factor is the direct coupling efficiency from the incident lights into the waveguides. The second one is the bandgap deviations of the photonic crystals. And the third factor is the optical reflections in the bent corners. In this article, we compare three types of L-shaped bent photonic crystal waveguides. One is the original type, which has an abrupt right-angle bend. Another is an improved 90° bend with a 45°-mirror. The other is an L-shaped bent photonic crystal waveguide with a 45°-transitional section. We investigate their respective frequency responses and observe the improvements in the total transmission efficiencies provided by the latter types.