混合物物态方程的计算

 在采用体积相加原理计算混合物物态方程的基础上,建立了一种物理模型确定混合物温度。根据混合物中各组分温度和压强平衡条件,采用压强-密度迭代方法计算给出混合物物态方程,编制了两种组分的混合物物态方程计算程序。为检验建立的温度模型的合理性及程序的有效性,分析了不同密度、温度状态的氢（H2）和钨（W）组成的混合物状态参量,计算了以下情形及其组合情形的混合物物态方程：H₂和W以不同质量比混合;质量比固定,单组分状态不同;温度区间和密度区间不同。研究表明:实际应用中在建立的混合物温度模型基础上确定的混合物物态方程是合理的。     

Infrared Quantitative Study of Acetylation of Microspheres of Polystyrene

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study quantitatively the acetylation of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with diameters ranging from 7 to 9μm. The CH₂ stretching infrared vibration mode at 2921 cm^?1 was used as the internal intensity standard. The acetylation extent could be easily measured by comparing the relative intensities of the bands of acetyl group (1678, 1415, 1359 cm^?1) or the bands due to the para-substituted benzene ring to the band at 2921 cm^?1 from the calibration curve.     

Application of the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis for determination of the degree of chlorination of copper phthalocyanin

To whom correspondence should be addressd.     

分子费米共振拉曼光谱强度分析

测量了CCl₄和CS₂分子的Raman光谱。用Bertran理论和群论等相关理论对其光谱强度进行了分析,获得了发生费米共振分子的拉曼光谱强度的特殊规律： (1)发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间发生能量转移,两光谱强度大小相互接近,当发生费米共振的基频和倍频(和频)间距离很小时,两发生费米共振的光谱强度相等(R=1);(2)能出现倍频光谱强度高于其基频光谱强度;(3)也会观测到费米共振光谱,而观测不到参与费米共振的和频中的基频光谱。此研究对化学、材料科学中的分子结构、材料成分等研究中的谱线认证、归属有很好的参考价值。     

Asymptotic properties of sequences of iterates of nonlinear transformations

By considering functions defined on the unit interval with a single zero minimum and a single unit maximum we are led to a version of the doubling or universal transformation. The fixed point functions of this doubling transformation have certain invariance properties under conjugacy. These invariance properties lead to a widening of the concept of universality to power law conjugacy classes in which the Feigenbaum divergence parameter is a function only of the product of the powers with which iterating functions approach unity at the maximum and zero at the minimum. We also construct an effective method for computing the divergence parameter from iterates, and derivatives of iterates, generated by the appropriate fixed point function.On leave from Mathematics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.     

BSA-SDS-Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及其水凝胶性质的研究（Ⅰ）

报道了BSA－SDS－Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及水凝胶的性质,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT－IR）光谱考察了这种聚合物微粒的结构,微粒粒径32nm左右,用UV／Vis光谱及SEM考察了冰凝胶的性,表明Ag^ 离子先与BSA产生化学键合,再学原了Ag粒,进行聚合成网状结构的聚合物。     

Basin of attraction of cycles of discretizations of dynamical systems with SRB invariant measures

Computer simulations of dynamical systems arediscretizations, where the finite space of machine arithmetic replaces continuum state spaces. So any trajectory of a discretized dynamical system is eventually periodic. Consequently, the dynamics of such computations are essentially determined by the cycles of the discretized map. This paper examines the statistical properties of the event that two trajectories generate the same cycle. Under the assumption that the original system has a Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen invariant measure, the statistics of the computed mapping are shown to be very close to those generated by a class of random graphs. Theoretical properties of this model successfully predict the outcome of computational experiments with the implemented dynamical systems.     

Electron microscopy study of aggregation of microclusters of sulphur

A study of aggregation of sulphur particles in colloidal suspension of sulphur in water-methanol mixture using TEM and electron diffraction is reported. From the micrographs the aggregates formed have been found to be random and tenuous indicating a fractal structure. The electron diffraction patterns of the aggregates are used to study the mechanism of diffusion and reaction limited aggregation.     

Some peculiarities of deep PT-changes of physical properties of rocks

Abstract

Results of petrophysical PT-experiments are discussed. Used is a method of program modeling of experiments. Thermobaric dependence of elastic properties of acid, intermediate and basic rocks as well as elastic wave velocity anisotropy in amphibolites is studied. Deep PT-regimes effect on electrical resistance of dry and water-saturated rocks has been studied. PT-conditions of full loss of the remanent magnetization of volcanites have been established. A number of regional petrophysical lithosphere models has been constructed.     

傅里叶望远镜外场实验性能改进和结果分析

为了实现对傅里叶望远镜成像系统更接近实际的仿真,改进了外场实验系统结构。采用反射式目标,利用准直扩束镜替代空间滤波器和准直透镜,使用大靶面电荷耦合器件作为监视器。在无大气和包含200m水平大气两种情况下,分别对2.5mm的4种不同空间频谱分布目标进行实验。实验选用9×9,17×17,33×33和65×65傅里叶分量分别进行重构。最高成像角分辨率为3.5″。结果表明含大气与无大气重构结果的Strehl比值相近,从而证明傅里叶望远镜成像系统能够克服下行链路低阶大气扰动的影响。     

Simulation of the contours of spectral lines of closed-ARC radiation

Simulated contours of self-reversed lines of Tl at 535 nm (7²S_1/2−6²P_3/2) and 378 nm (7²S_1/2-6²P_1/2) in alternating-current closed-arc radiation in mercury vapor with an addition of Tll were compared with experimental contours. It is shown that while a single self-reversed contour has many different sets of model parameters that ensure coincidence of experimental and calculated profiles, in the case of operation with a large data file of contours that correspond to different directions of observation along chords perpendicular to the discharge axis, and with different lines that have a common level, such a set of parameters becomes virtually unique. Instantaneous spatial distributions of Hg and Tl atoms in the ground state and of Tl atoms in the 6²P_3/2 state are determined and the parameters of the van der Waals broadening of the 7²S_1/2 level are found. It is shown that a considerable “red” shift of absorption contours in the outer layers of the discharge is observed. The results obtained contradict the presumed existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the given discharge. Reported at the Conference “Plasma Physics and Plasma Technologies,” Minsk, September 15–19, 1997 Petrozavodsk State University, 33, Lenin Ave, Petrozavodsk, 185640, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 5, pp. 761–768, September–October, 1998.     

Laser cooling of internal degrees of freedom of molecules

Optical pumping techniques using laser fields combined with photo-association of ultracold atoms leads to control of the vibrational and/or rotational population of molecules. In this study, we review the basic concepts and main steps that should be followed, including the excitation schemes and detection techniques used to achieve ro-vibrational cooling of Cs₂ molecules. We also discuss the extension of this technique to other molecules. In addition, we present a theoretical model used to support the experiment. These simulations can be widely used for the preparation of various experiments because they allow the optimization of several important experimental parameters.     

利用神经网络提高编码器精度的方法

介绍了编码器误差的构成及特点，针对系统误差的分布规律与特点提出了基于神经网络的误差修正方法。采用非线性逼近精度较高的径向基函数神经网络，以采样点的角度值作为网络的输人样本，以高精度检测编码器的检测值作为学习目标建立了误差修正模型。实验结果表明，采用此种方法可将编码器的精度提高至原来的3倍以上，可有效地改善编码器的系统精度。     

金属丝的杨氏模量测定实验的改进

对金属丝杨氏模量测定仪重新设计.将金属丝水平放置,在中点处悬挂重物,通过测量金属丝伸长后的转角,进而测量金属丝的杨氏模量.     

Spectroscopic Parameters of High Overtones of the Vibrations of Molecules

Based on the fundamental equation from the vibration theory of molecules and the operation of direct product of matrices and its properties for eigenvalues and eigenvectors, an equation of overtone vibrations for any high order has been obtained whose solution yields the matrices of vibration modes. Correlations determining changes in the structure parameters, just as expressions for the matrices of the coefficients of kinematic interaction and force constants, and for the parameters of vibrational-rotational interaction have been presented. Using the formulas obtained, the electro-optical parameters of water molecules H₂O and isotopes H₂ ¹⁷O and H₂ ¹⁸O have been calculated for overtones of up to the sixth order within the framework of the semiempirical quantum-chemical CNDO/2 method using the method of numerical differentiation by spline functions.     

Optical investigation of dynamics of phenomena of laser-based lithotripsy

Using time-resolved high-speed shadowgraphy, the dynamics of phenomena due to laser-based lithotripsy is studied. Collapsing mechanism of bubble formed therein is investigated. In order to study the mechanism, the optically implemented mathematical morphology is applied. The study of the shape of the plasma and the collapsing region of the bubble of fluid that we are studying can possibly be used for practical application for laser-based lithotripsy.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

在磁场作用下水的特性的变化和它的变化机理

我们研究了在磁场作用下水的光学性质和电学性质等的变化,实验发现它们的这些特性和未受磁场作用的水有重大改变特别是在红外光谱和拉曼光谱中的变化更加明显,这种现象就称为水的磁化。我们从水的中红外光谱得知在3000~3800 cm-1的范围内有奇特的六个峰值存在,从水分子结构和红外光谱的特性出发了解到它们分别代表了自由水分子的OH键的对称与反对称的振动,众多水分子通过氢键连接而成的线性链和环形链的OH键的对称与反对称振动,于是从这个实验我们看到了在这个水中存在有众多水分子结合成的环形氢键链的存在。我们用水分子的极化特性,一阶相变的特性和实验进一步证实了这些环形链的客观存在,根据质子或氢离子在氢键系统中传递理论得知在磁场的罗仑兹力作用下处于水中环形氢键链中质子能够进行传导产生环形电流.这些环形电流象一个分子电流或是个小磁体,它们能彼此相互作用或与外加磁场相互作用,从而改变了水分子的分布和结构状态,导致了水的一些特性的变化,这就是水的磁化的分子机理,我们用这个机理解释了我们从实验中所发现的磁处理过的水的特性如饱和效应和记忆效应等,因此这是非常有趣的实验和现象.