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建立了计算托卡马克加料中弹丸消融的物理模型,结合1维输运模型编制了1.5维弹丸消融计算机模拟代码。使用ITER-FEAT的相关参数,对半径为6mm,初速度为2000m·s?1,从低磁场侧注入弹丸的消融速率进行了模拟计算。结果显示,弹丸消融速率先随注入深度而逐渐增大,最大消融速率约6×1026s?1,然后由于弹丸半径的减小,消融速率迅速减小,穿透深度约0.45m。这一结果与中性气体屏蔽模型(NGS)的结果一致,证明计算代码正确有效。同时,从计算结果反映出,对ITER这样的堆级托卡马克,采用常规弹丸注入方式,尽管速度高达2000m·s?1,穿透深度也远未达到等离子体中心,因此应采取其他有效措施来提高等离子体加料效率。     

高速弹丸测速仪的研制

在等离子体物理实验中,注入弹丸的大小和速度对等离子体电子温度、密度扰动等均有影响,测量弹丸的速度有助于研究弹丸注入等离子体的深度、弹丸的消融及其对等离子体的作用。8发弹丸系统原有的测速仪是从俄罗斯引进的,其灵敏度、抗干扰能力都较差,加料实验时该测速系统根本无法正常工作。为此,必须研制一套精度高、抗干扰强、速度测量范围广（几m·s^-1-3000m·s^-1)的测速系统以满足实验的需要。     

弹丸消融速率的理论模型及数值计算

建立了计算托卡马克加料中弹丸消融的物理模型,结合1维输运模型编制了1.5维弹丸消融计算机模拟代码。使用ITER-FEAT的相关参数,对半径为6mm,初速度为2000m•s^-1,从低磁场侧注入弹丸的消融速率进行了模拟计算。结果显示,弹丸消融速率先随注入深度而逐渐增大,最大消融速率约6×10²⁶s^-1,然后由于弹丸半径的减小,消融速率迅速减小,穿透深度约0.45m。这一结果与中性气体屏蔽模型(NGS)的结果一致,证明计算代码正确有效。同时,从计算结果反映出,对ITER这样的堆级托卡马克,采用常规弹丸注入方式,尽管速度高达2000m•s^-1,穿透深度也远未达到等离子体中心,因此应采取其他有效措施来提高等离子体加料效率。     

HL—1M多发弹丸加料等离子体的特性

对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置在一次放电中注入３－８粒氢弹丸的欧姆加热等离子体密度分布和扰动特征进行了研究。实验表明,器壁再循环对高密度的获得有重要的影响。在再循环较高的条件下连续注入３粒１．０ｍｍ弹丸,获得了加料实验的最好参数：等离子体中心密度ｎｅ（０）＝５．３×１０１３ｃｍ－３,总体储能Ｗｐ＝６．０ｋＪ,τｅ＝２６ｍｓ。用ＣＣＤ相机拍摄了弹丸消融云的照片,并对消融过程进行了简要的分析。结果证实,消融的不对称和弹丸轨迹的偏转是电子侧消融强于离子侧的结果,弹丸发射间隙及完整性对密度扰动有重要的影响。     

基于激光阴影照相系统的研究

针对目前高速弹丸飞行参数测量系统采用被动光源存在的光源能量利用率低、对环境敏感等问题，研究了一种组合式主动激光阴影照相系统。在对系统理论分析的基础上建立了高速弹丸的空间位置模型和2种测速模型。搭建了激光阴影照相系统试验平台，对系统设计的合理性进行了检验。试验结果表明:2种测速模型都能实现对弹丸飞行速度的测量，并且2种方法的对比误差比较小；弹丸空间位置在X轴方向的均方差为0.795 mm，在Z轴方向的均方差为0.496 mm。与纸靶的测量结果相比，偏离程度在1 mm范围内；该系统能够实现对弹丸飞行参数的测量。     

弹丸参数测试系统的数据处理

弹丸参数测试系统主要用于弹速度的测量,它可以测量弹丸速度的大小。弹丸速度的大小是弹道特性的重要参数之一。弹丸的速度测量是枪炮、弹药研制生产和开发验收中最基本的试验项目。天幕靶可以更快、更准确地测量弹速。基于天幕靶并利用Visual C++6.0开发了一款弹参数测试系统软件,可实现弹参数测试系统的数据处理。     

HL-1M弹丸云分析和安全因子初步测量

在HL－1M装置上用高速二维成像CCD相机观测了弹丸的注入和消融过程,获得了一次放电的大量高时间分辨率（曝光时间为0.1us）的多幅度多次曝光的弹丸消融云照片,并对HL－1M等离子体的q分布进行了初步测量。描述了基于消融云倾斜角观测进行q分布测量的实验布局、基本问题和结果。根据照片分析了弹丸注入效果,讨论了弹丸与等离子体相互作用的物理机制。     

HL-1M装置弹丸和分子束加料的粒子输运研究

研究了IL-1M装置上弹丸和分子束加料的粒子输运。在研究粒子输运时拟合了粒子源分布，利用调制送气模型研究了分子束送气时的粒子输运。由弹丸注入后较长时间内密度的自然衰减研究了粒子输运，给出了一种简单的研究弹丸注入后粒子输运的方法。计算表明，分子束和弹丸注入改善了等离子体的粒子输运特性。将计算结果与实验测量进行了比较。     

基于转镜跟踪目标的分析与计算

基于高速CCD相机主光轴的转镜弹道同步跟踪系统,研究了高速飞行弹丸飞行姿态和飞行速度的问题,利用转镜的反射原理和转镜运动规律,建立了转镜随弹丸运动的时空关系模型和转镜运动参数的数学模型,并推导转镜运动参数与弹丸飞行速度和弹道距转镜中心垂直高度之间的数学关系;在理论分析的基础上,用MATLAB分析了转镜视场内的弹道宽度随时间变化的规律以及转镜转角和角加速度随时间变化的规律,得到在某一时刻转镜视场的大小以及转镜参数的变化曲线;给出了转镜尺寸、扫描速率曲线和最大离散速度等主要参数的计算方法,分析了它们对整个跟踪系统的影响。针对系统设置参数为h=150 m, v=300 m/s时进行仿真,仿真结果表明本系统可实现对高速弹丸的同步跟踪。     

用CCD相机观测HL—1M弹丸消融过程

利用高速ＣＣＤ相机拍摄了ＨＬ－１Ｍ等离子体中注入氢弹丸时的Ｈａ辐射照片。得到的弹丸不同形状消融云照片表明：弹丸轨迹发生弯曲和出现条纹。通过对照片的处理获得了辐射光强的空间分布、弹丸的速度与轨迹,分析了弹丸与等离子体相互作用的物理机制,为进一步在弹丸注入条件下用ＣＣＤ测量等离子体局部磁场和电流分布打下了基础。     

Study of the gas-filled injector of a plasma opening switch

A plasma injector with pulsed gas filling is investigated experimentally. Interferometric measurements of the formation dynamics of the plasma channel are carried out. Under optimal operating conditions, the injector is capable of producing a plasma channel 4 cm in diameter with an electron density of ∼10¹⁷ cm⁻³. The effect of the cathode diameter of the plasma opening switch on the conductivity of the plasma channel is studied. It is shown that the current flowing through the plasma channel of a single injector attains 400 kA.     

750 keV射频四极注入器射频结构的优化

 设计了750 keV,201.25 MHz的RFQ注入器的射频结构,对四杆型RFQ结构进行了简要的理论分析,在束流动力学设计的基础上,对射频结构进行了优化。研究了四杆型RFQ结构中支撑板高度、宽度、厚度、间距、形状、外腔体半径等因素对射频特性的影响,进行了优化设计并给出了主要的结构参数及射频特性的设计结果。优化设计得到的四杆型RFQ腔体长度126 cm,在极间电压80 kV时,峰值功率损耗为115.95 kW,二极场因子为1.004,电场沿轴向分布比较均匀,偏差小于3.5%,满足了物理需求。     

Ion source with a cold magnetron cathode and magnetic plasma compression

The operating principles, design, and characteristics of an ion source with a cold magnetron cathode and magnetic plasma compression are described. The source is intended for the injector of a linear proton accelerator.     

Design study of a L-band DC photocathode gun

In this paper, we the design study of a L-band DC photocathode gun injector for the ERL (Energy Recovery Linac) test facility. The main parameters of the injector are energy of 2.3 MeV, a bunch length of 2 ps, and a normalized emittance of 2.1 mm.mrad.     

Numerical and experimental study on shear coaxial injectors with hot hydrogen-rich gas/oxygen-rich gas and GH2 /GO2

The influences of the shear coaxial injector parameters on the combustion performance and the heat load of a combustor are studied numerically and experimentally. The injector parameters, including the ratio of the oxidizer pressure drop to the combustor pressure (DP ), the velocity ratio of fuel to oxidizer (R V ), the thickness (WO ), and the recess (HO ) of the oxidizer injector post tip, the temperature of the hydrogen-rich gas (TH ) and the oxygen-rich gas (TO ), are integrated by the orthogonal experimental design method to investigate the performance of the shear coaxial injector. The gaseous hydrogen/oxygen at ambient temperature (GH2 /GO2 ), and the hot hydrogen-rich gas/oxygen-rich gas are used here. The length of the combustion (LC ), the average temperatures of the combustor wall (TW ), and the faceplate (TF ) are selected as the indicators. The tendencies of the influences of injector parameters on the combustion performance and the heat load of the combustor for the GH2 /GO2 case are similar to those in the hot propellants case. However, the combustion performance in the hot propellant case is better than that in the GH2/GO2 case, and the heat load of the combustor is also larger than that in the latter case.     

Coaxial injector of a plasma opening switch operating in the nonsteady arc-discharge mode

Results are presented from interferometric studies of a coaxial injector operating in the nonsteady arc-discharge mode. The discharge was initiated and stabilized by pulsed gas puffing into the interelectrode gap of the injector. The dynamics of the plasma bunch formation and the spatial characteristics of the bunch are investigated, and the density of the generated plasma is determined.     

CFETR中性束注入系统负离子束源概念设计

根据 CFETR 对 NBI 系统参数的需求,开展了 CFETR NBI 束源的概念设计,给出了束源的设计参数指标和总体设计方案。完成了大面积等离子体发生器和负离子加速器两部分的设计工作。     

Hydrogen ion source with a cold magnetron cathode and magnetic plasma compression

A hydrogen ion source designed for the injector of a 16-MeV linear proton accelerator with an average beam current of ∼100 μA is presented. New design approaches allowing an improvement in the operating parameters of the ion source are proposed. The results of experimental tests of a source prototype operating in a pulsed mode with a repetition rate of 1–10 Hz and pulse duration of 100–600 μs are described.     

Influence of a centered dielectric tube on inductively coupled plasma source: Chamber structures and plasma characteristics

A high-density RF ion source is an essential part of a neutral beam injector. In this study, the authors attempt to retrofit an original regular RF ion source reactor by inserting a thin dielectric tube through the symmetric axis of the discharge chamber. With the aid of this inner tube, the reactor is capable of generating a radial magnetic field instead of the original transverse magnetic field, which solves the E × B drift problem in the current RF ion source structure. To study the disturbance of the dielectric tube, a fluid model is introduced to study the plasma parameters with or without the internal dielectric tube, based on the inductively coupled plasma(ICP) reactor. The simulation results show that while introducing the internal dielectric tube into the ICP reactor, both the plasma density and plasma potential have minor influence during the discharge process, and there is good uniformity at the extraction region. The influence of the control parameters reveals that the plasma densities at the extraction region decrease first and subsequently slow down while enhancing the diffusion region.     

强流离子源灯丝电源设计与分析

灯丝电源是中性束注入器等离子体发生器电源系统的重要组成部分,为了满足其低电压大电流输出特性要求,提出了带平衡电抗器双反星形整流电路的拓扑结构的电源设计方案。该拓扑结构与三相桥式整流电路相比较在采用相同器件下可达到更高功率,减少交流侧输入电流谐波并提高功率因素。分析了该拓扑结构下整流输出特性和所含的谐波分量,根据设计指标计算了整流变压器和平衡电抗器的相关参数,最后通过仿真和实验结果验证了这一拓扑结构的可行性。