挥发性有机物同分异构体光电离-离子迁移谱检测研究

自行研制的紫外光电离-离子迁移谱装置,对碳链异构、官能团异构和官能团位置异构的11种同分异构体挥发性有机物进行了实验研究,结果表明,这些有机同分异构体能够在离子迁移谱中实现分离。得到了11种挥发性有机物离子的约化迁移率,对实验所研究的同分异构体而言,迁移率大小符合以下规律:直链<分支<环状,一级<二级<三级,对位<间位<邻位,醇类<酮类<芳香类。实验中用指数稀释法对11种样品进行了定量分析,利用该方法得到装置检测限达到ppb～ppm量级。其中对丙醛、叔丁醇、乙苯、乙醚等同分异构体的光电离离子迁移谱研究均为首次报道。     

同分异构体挥发性有机物的放电离子淌度谱研究

离子淌度谱利用大气压下不同离子在电场中的运动速度不同来达到分离离子的目的。离子在电场中的运动速度不仅与离子的质量有关,也与离子的结构有关,因此离子淌度谱可以有效地用来区分同分异构体。文章报道了用自行研制的放电离子源离子淌度谱仪对碳骨架异构、官能团类别异构和官能团位置异构的三类同分异构体进行了实验研究,得到了九种挥发性有机物的离子淌度谱,测量了各离子的约化迁移率,与前人使用神经网络理论得到的计算值相一致。实验表明这些同分异构体有机物能够在高分辨的离子淌度谱中实现分离,而且对本实验所研究的九种同分异构体有机物而言,迁移率大小符合规律：醇类<酮类<芳香类,直链<分支<环状,对位<间位<邻位。实验中使用指数稀释法对样品进行了定量分析,利用该方法得到的检测限达到ng·L-1量级。其中对官能团类别异构的同分异构体以及丁醇同分异构体的放电离子淌度谱研究均为首次报道。     

Ar+17和 Ar+16谱线的电子碰撞展宽

利用修改后伦敦理工大学的UCL扭曲波程序, 本文计算了自由电子与原子或离子的碰撞反应矩阵, 以此得到它的散射矩阵和碰撞强度.利用碰撞强度, 研究电子碰撞对辐射谱线影响.具体地, 以Ar⁺¹⁷和Ar⁺¹⁶的α线和β线为例, 计算了不同电子温度和密度下谱线的展宽和位移.     

CHCl3电子吸附速率常数的离子迁移谱

利用电晕放电离子迁移谱, 使用高纯氮气作为载气和迁移气体, 研究了电场强度在200～500 V/cm变化时CHCl₃的解离电子吸附速率常数, 得到样品所对应的电子吸附速率常数为1.26×10^-8～8.24×10^-9 cm³/(molecules s)．利用该装置测量了固定电场下,样品的电子吸附速率常数与样品浓度之间的关系．此外利用所获得的离子迁移谱图得到了不同电场强度下Cl^-与CHCl₃之间的离子分子反应速率常数.     

Xe10+离子EUV发射谱的理论研究

利用组态相互作用方法和扭曲波近似方法系统地计算了Xe10 离子的能级、振子强度、辐射跃迁速率以及电子碰撞强度.用得到的原子参数模拟了冕平衡条件下Xe10 离子EUV(Extreme Ultra-violet)波段(5~20nm)的发射谱,发射谱的波长位置和相对强度与实验结果符合得较好.研究表明:在较宽的等离子体条件范围内,发射谱的相对强度对温度和密度不敏感.     

高电荷态离子引发氮气分子的解离和碎裂

利用时间和位置灵敏相关的符合装置,实验研究了高电荷态Xeq (q=15-21)离子与N2分子慢碰撞过程的多电子转移过程、N2 离子的解离以及N2q (1相似文献   

离子迁移谱系统的优化设计及其在甲苯检测中的应用

以对痕量甲苯的检测为例,研究了以激光作为电离源的离子迁移谱对痕量物质进行检测的方法.对离子迁移谱系统进行了优化,得到了最佳的迁移管长度和管内电场强度;同时研究了迁移信号和样品浓度的关系.结果表明,该方法行之有效,并能取得极高的灵敏度.     

强扰动能区非全裸Cq+,Oq+(q=1-4)与He原子碰撞过程中截面比的实验研究

利用兰州大学2×1.7MV串列加速器离子-原子碰撞实验终端上产生的单核子能量为20-500 keV的Cq+和Oq+(q=1-4)离子与He原子碰撞.采用符合测量方法和多参数数据获取系统得到了散射离子与反冲离子电荷态的二维谱,从而分别得到直接电离、入射离子俘获电子和入射离子损失电子截面与总截面的截面比Rdirect,Rcapture和Rloss,并对强扰动能区的各个反应道之间竞争关系及同一反应道在不同碰撞体系中所表现出的实验规律进行了比较和定性分析.     

运用球高斯分布极化势研究低能电子与H2 分子碰撞的振动激发动量迁移散射截面

用最近改进的球高斯分布(distributed spherical Gaussian,DSG)极化势模型,在振动密耦合框架下和基于量子力学从头计算的静电势、交换势的基础上,研究了低能电子与H₂分子碰撞振动激发的动量迁移散射截面(momentum transfer cross section,MTCS).通过包含18个振动波函数、5个分波和16个分子对称性,得到了0<E≤10 eV时收敛性很好的ν=0→ν'=0,1,2,3等几个振动跃迁通道和总的MTCS,并与其他实验和理论得到的值进行了比较和分析. 关键词： 2分子碰撞')" href="#">H₂分子碰撞 动量迁移散射截面 振动激发 球高斯分布极化势     

Penning阱存储离子的灵敏探测

对Ｐｅｎｎｉｎｇ阱中存储离子的探测原理和技术进行了研究,得到了较高探测灵敏度和较高信器比的Ｈ＋ｎ（ｎ＝１,２,３,４）离子谱,为开展离子与中性气体原子（或分子）碰撞过程等课题的研究创造了条件。     

Spectroscopic studies on ion dynamics of PVP–NH4SCN polymer electrolytes

Proton-conducting polymer electrolyte comprising of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄SCN) are prepared by solvent casting method with different polymer–salt concentrations. The changes in the Raman spectra with increasing NH₄SCN concentration state that the free ion concentration is maximum for 20 mol% NH₄SCN concentrated system. At higher salt concentrations (25 mol%), the effective number of charge carriers decreases due to the formation of ion aggregates as confirmed by the Raman analysis. Solid-state NMR and MAS NMR studies are performed to obtain the information about the ionic structure, mobility of the charge carriers, and also to gain insight into the polymer–salt interactions in the polymer electrolytes. The results of ionic transference number show that the charge transport in these polymer electrolytes is mainly due to ions.     

Transport anomalies in glasses

We discuss a recently developed random walk model for ionic transport in glass, which offers a simple explanation to the so far unexplained transport anomalies in glassy ionic conductors: The set of anomalies combined under the name mixed alkali effect and the drastic increase of the ionic conductivity with the concentration of mobile ions. The model is based on the experimental evidence that ions maintain their distinct local environments and leads to the formation of fluctuating structural pathways. The connectivity of these pathways determines the ion mobility in the glassy network.     

On the lattice defects in Nasicon compounds

Summary  Samples of Nasicon compounds (Na super ionic conductor) with different silicon and phosphorus contents were investigated by performing radioluminescence experiments. In all samples examined, the Frenkel pairs, originated by the displacements of sodium ions in lacunar sites, were found to be the dominant defects. Some useful information on sodium ion mobility was obtained from the analysis of radioluminescence spectra.     

正负离子碰撞过程中电荷转移的理论研究

文中用渐近方法，采用未微扰的原子波函数，导出了正负离子碰撞过程中，当离子间的距离很大时，入射离子道与出射共价道之间的交换相互作用的解析表达式。利用该相互作用的解析表达式，并考虑在入射通道里Ｈ－离子核外有两个同科电子的情况，由多通道Ｌａｎｄａｕ－Ｚｅｎｅｒ模型分别计算了低能Ｈ＋＋Ｈ－和Ｄ＋＋Ｈ－碰撞过程中的电荷转移总截面。计算结果与已有的实验数据进行了比较。     

Molecular mobility in protein solutions containing metal ions with various ionic radii

Using methods of photon-correlation spectroscopy and polarized fluorescence pH, the dependencies of the translation and rotary diffusion coefficients of collagen and bovine serum albumen in solutions on NaCl and KCl salts at various ion forces have been obtained. It is shown that the size of the metal ionic radius affects intermolecular interactions and the mobility of albumen molecules in solution. The effect of the potassium ion, with its large ionic radius, compared with Na ions, is analogous to the effect of heavy metals ions, since it results in albumen molecule aggregation near the isoelectric point.     

甲基异戊酮的离子迁移谱

在自行研制的离子迁移谱仪器上,制备了反应离子质子化水团蔟离子[H＋（H2O）n],并研究了甲基异戊酮的迁移谱。甲基异戊酮的产物离子峰的个数由浓度决定,当浓度在0.004μg/L时出现一个产物离子峰,当浓度达到0.1μg/L时出现两个产物离子峰,当浓度达到1μg/L时出现一个产物离子峰。甲基异戊酮与反应离子发生反应,生成单体团簇离子和二聚体团簇离子。实验测量了各种离子的约化迁移率。     

酮类有机物放电离子淌度谱研究

离子淌度谱是一种快速检测痕量挥发性有机物的高灵敏方法。在放电离子源离子淌度谱装置上,研究了八种酮类有机物的离子淌度谱。实验测量了各种离子的约化迁移率,其中丙酮、正丁酮、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、环己酮、苯乙酮的实验结果与前人63Ni放射源离子淌度谱相一致,而甲基异丙基酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、环戊酮单体和二聚体离子的约化迁移率则是首次报道。实验测量的约化迁移率与离子质量线性相关,获得的对酮类有机物检测灵敏度在ng·L-1量级。     

Gaseous lon mobility in electric fields of arbitrary strength

The first rigorous kinetic theory of ion mobility in neutral gases, valid for electric fields of arbitrary strength without restriction on the ion-neutral mass ratio or interaction potential, is presented. The theory is based on the use of a set of basis functions in which the ions are allowed to have a temperature different from that of the neutral gas. The convergence of a series of approximations for the mobility is good, and the resulting expressions are not expansions in powers of the field strength. In lowerst approximation, the equation for the mobility is nearly the same as that obtained from an approximate free-flight theory, except for the appearance of an effective temperature in the diffusion, or momentum-transfer, collision integral. This difference is the crucial point that allows experimental measurements of ion mobility as a function of field strength to be used to obtain information on ion-neutral potentials. Data on K⁺ ions in He, Ne, and Ar are analyzed as an example; the range of effective temperatures is approximately 100 to 20,000°K. At high effective temperatures the results agree with similar information obtained from the scattering of ion beams in gas targets.     

Neutralization in ion-surface collisions: II. Nonperturbative results

A theory reported previously for the neutralization probability of slow ions colliding with a solid surface is extended here to treat the large neutralizing rates found in Ion Scattering Spectroscopy. The motion of the ion as well as its lifetime against neutralization contribute to spectral broadening of the ionic levels. In consequence, normally closed neutralization channels may, in fact, be open during collision. The theory is applied to 200 eV helium ions incident on a tungsten surface. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we argue that neutralization in this system is dominated by tunneling processes.     

Interaction of intense ultrashort laser pulse with shell target

Based on numerical PIC modeling and an analytical model, we analyze the interaction of a short high-intensity laser pulse with homo- and heterogeneous (two-layer) shell targets. We show that the shell target is capable of focusing ions in a narrow region. In this case, the ion energy exceeds the ion energy for a flat infinite target of the same thickness. We propose to use the effect of focusing and cumulation of ions to implement the collision of ionic beams that counterpropagate from opposite sides of the sphere and to increase the yield of ion-ion reactions. The constructed model makes it possible to calculate the energy of the ion and the number of ions in the region of focusing.