氘代甲烷几何构型及物性的量子化学研究

用HF/6-31G^**、密度泛函方法B3LYP/31G^**、二级微扰MP2/6-31G^**、四级微扰MP4/6-31G^**方法对甲烷和氘代甲烷进行几何构型全优化,并将优化的结果与实验值进行比较.用上述4种方法对甲烷和氘代甲烷分子进行分子的振动基频计算.密度泛函、二级微扰、四级微扰优于HF/6-31G^**,尤其是密度泛函、四级微扰方法.密度泛函方法所用的机时远小于微扰方法.不同方法计算所得的氘代甲烷振动频率值与实验值的最大误差为10.4%,最小误差为2.0%.     

LaO分子基态X2Σ+势能和平衡几何构型的比较研究

采用三种相对论有效核芯势(LanL2DZ,AREP,RCEP)和价电子基组在MP2、B3LYP、CCSD(T)和QCISD(T)水平上计算了LaO分子基态平衡几何构型和能量,并对各种计算方法在不同基组下的计算效率和精度等进行了综合比较.在此基础上,选用B3LYP方法进行能量扫描得到了LaO分子势能曲线.计算得到的LaO分子基态平衡几何,振动频率、解离能和力常数等均与实验结果吻合.最后对赝势方法计算的误差原因进行了分析.     

AlCl分子X^1∑^+电子态的光谱性质北大核心CSCD

运用耦合簇单双取代三重微扰方法[CCSD(T)]和内收缩多参考组态相互作用方法(MRCI)结合系列相关一致基,aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z(n=D,T,Q,5,6),研究了AlCl(X1∑+)分子的光谱性质.比较了两种理论方法及不同的基组对AlCl(X1∑+)分子的光谱常数的影响.在优选的MRCI/aug-cc-pV(5+d)Z理论水平下于0.05~2.0nm核间距范围内计算了AlCl(X1∑+)分子的势能曲线.拟合势能曲线得到其光谱常数De,D0,Re,ωe,ωexe,Be和αe.它们分别为5.1942eV,5.1644eV,0.21350nm,481.67cm-1,2.1022cm-1,0.2416cm-1和0.0016cm-1.这些结果与已有的实验结果均较为相符.利用这一势能曲线,通过求解双原子分子核运动的径向Schrdinger方程,计算了AlCl分子基态的振转能级.找到了J=0时的全部182个振动态.针对每一振动态,还分别计算了其对应的振动能级、惯性转动常数和离心畸变常数等分子常数.文中的大部分分子常数属首次报导.     

AlCl分子X1Σ+电子态的光谱性质

运用耦合簇单双取代三重微扰方法[CCSD(T)]和内收缩多参考组态相互作用方法(MRCI)结合系列相关一致基, aug-cc-pV(n+d)Z(n = D, T, Q, 5, 6), 研究了AlCl(X1Σ+)分子的光谱性质. 比较了两种理论方法及不同的基组对AlCl(X1Σ+)分子的光谱常数的影响. 在优选的MRCI/aug-cc-pV(5+d)Z理论水平下于0.05-2.0 nm核间距范围内计算了AlCl(X1Σ+)分子的势能曲线. 拟合势能曲线得到其光谱常数De, D0, Re, ωe, ωexe, Be和αe. 它们分别为5.1942 eV, 5.1644 eV, 0.21350 nm, 481.67 cm-1, 2.1022 cm-1, 0.2416 cm-1和0.0016 cm-1. 这些结果与已有的实验结果均较为相符. 利用这一势能曲线, 通过求解双原子分子核运动的径向Schrödinger方程, 计算了AlCl分子基态的振转能级. 找到了J = 0时的全部182个振动态. 针对每一振动态, 还分别计算了其对应的振动能级、惯性转动常数和离心畸变常数等分子常数. 文中的大部分分子常数属首次报导.     

几个小分子静电势的密度泛函理论计算

运用多种密度泛函理论(DFT)方法和从头算(ab initio)方法,研究了具有代表性的一系列分子的静电势,选择QCISD计算出的分子静电势为标准静电势,通过比较多种DFT法和QCISD从头算,以及它们之间的均方根偏差和静电势差值曲线图,结果表明B3LYP-DFT法与QCISD-ab initio法计算结果较吻合,暗示了B3LYP-DFT法在得到分子静电势时是一个有用的工具,尤其对于从头计算难以进行研究的大分子体系.     

4-N-甲基苯乙烯砒啶盐衍生物振动超极化率的理论研究

在双谐振子近似下，利用耦合微扰Hartree-Fock方法计算了4-N-甲基苯乙烯砒啶盐衍生物分子的静态振动第一超极化率和红外与拉曼光谱，给出了对静态振动第一超极化率起主导贡献的两种简正振动模式. 研究发现，标题分子的静态振动第一超极化率都比较大，且与静态电子第一超极化率呈较好的线性关系. 首次提出了利用红外与拉曼光谱特征峰标识的振动模来估算振动第一超极化率大小的少模方法. 结果表明，少模方法用于估算振动第一超极化率的大小是可行的.     

NO分子宏观气体热力学性质的理论研究

采用量子统计系综理论,研究了基态NO分子宏观气体摩尔熵、摩尔内能、摩尔热容等热力学性质.首先应用课题组前期建立的变分代数法(variational algebraic method, VAM)计算获得了基态NO分子的完全振动能级,得到的VAM振动能级作为振动部分,结合欧拉-麦克劳林渐进展开公式的转动贡献,应用于经典的热力学与统计物理公式中,从而计算得到了1000-5000 K温度范围内NO宏观气体的摩尔内能、摩尔熵和摩尔热容.将不同方法计算得到的摩尔热容结果分别与实验值进行比较,结果表明基于VAM完全振动能级获得的结果优于其他方法获得的理论结果.振动部分采用谐振子模型对无限能级求和计算热力学性质的方法有一定的局限性,应当使用有限的完全振动能级进行统计求和.     

AT1受体拮抗剂V8、V12和BZI8结构的量子化学研究

基于Mavromoustakos等人的分子动力学和蒙特卡罗方法结果,本文利用量子化学计算的方法研究了SARTANS(沙坦)类的3种AT1受体拮抗剂(V8、V12和BZI8).在B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法下计算得到了3种药物分子的平衡几何结构,并且采用B3LYP-GIAO/6-311G(d,p)方法计算了这些药物分子中的质子化学位移.通过研究结果可以看出,本文采用量子化学方法计算得到的3种分子的结构与Mavromoustakos等人通过分子动力学和蒙特卡罗方法得到的结果比较接近,计算结果与核磁共振实验的ROE数据和1H谱相比吻合得较好,说明所获得的结构较为合理.另外通过对所获得分子结构进行叠合分析发现,同属SARTANS类的3种分子在联苯咪唑环区域具有很大的相似性.     

胸腺嘧啶分子表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论和从头计算研究

采用量子化学B3LYP(含电子相关效应的杂化密度泛函)方法和HF(Hartree-Fock, 哈特利-福克)方法,在6-31+G**(C,H,N,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)水平上,对TH(Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶)分子进行了几何结构优化,计算了TH分子的NRS(normal Raman scattering, 常规拉曼散射)光谱和TH与Ag原子以及Ag₂团簇吸附的SERS(surface-enhanced Raman scattering, 表面增强拉曼散射)光谱,并将两种理论方法计算的结果和实验值进行比较。结果表明：对于NRS光谱,采用DFT方法的计算结果比HF方法的计算结果更符合已有实验值;而对于SERS光谱,采用HF方法的计算结果更好。最后,通过GaussView可视化软件,对TH分子的振动频率进行了更为全面地归属。     

计算7Li2振动能级煌振动-转动能级的辛格式矩阵法

利用辛格式矩阵法计算了双原子分子⁷Li₂在A¹Σ_u⁺态的振动能级和振动-转动能级,并与Ley-Koo等的计算结果作了比较.结果显示,辛格式矩阵法是收敛的和可靠的,是计算双原子分子的振动能级和振动-转动能级的合理的数值方法.     

Comparison of Raman spectra and vibrational density of states between graphene nanoribbons with different edges

Vibrational properties of graphene nanoribbons are examined with density functional based tight-binding method and non-resonant bond polarization theory. We show that the recently discovered reconstructed zigzag edge can be identified from the emergence of high-energy vibrational mode due to strong triple bonds at the edges. This mode is visible also in the Raman spectrum. Total vibrational density of states of the reconstructed zigzag edge is observed to resemble the vibrational density of states of armchair, rather than zigzag, graphene nanoribbon. Edge-related vibrational states increase in energy which corroborates increased rigidity of the reconstructed zigzag edge.     

Anharmonic Vibrational Signatures of DNA Bases and Watson-Crick Base Pairs

在密度泛函理论水平上研究了从DNA碱基单体到Watson-Crick碱基对的结构、电荷分布、以及非谐性振动参数的变化. 通过研究参与碱基对中多重氢键的NH₂、N-H和C=O的伸缩振动模式,预测了这些模式的对角非谐性常数、非对角非谐性常数、以及非谐性振动耦合对碱基结构变化的敏感性. 研究结果揭示了DNA碱基中非谐性振动势、分子间氢键和静电相互作用之间的内在联系.     

Ab initio analysis of electron-phonon coupling in molecular devices

We report a first principles analysis of electron-phonon coupling in molecular devices under external bias voltage and during current flow. Our theory and computational framework are based on carrying out density functional theory within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. Using a molecular tunnel junction of a 1,4-benzenedithiolate molecule contacted by two aluminum leads as an example, we analyze which molecular vibrational modes are most relevant to charge transport under nonequilibrium conditions. We find that the low-lying modes are most important. As a function of bias voltage, the electron-phonon coupling strength can change drastically while the vibrational spectrum changes at a few percent level.     

Dependence of the H2-H2 Interaction on the Monomer Bond Lengths: Steps Toward an Accurate ab initio Estimate

We compute the vibrational coupling between two H₂ molecules from ab initio quantum chemical calculations of the H₂-H₂ potential carried out at the full configuration interaction level of theory using the atom-centered aug-cc-pVTZ basis set for hydrogen. We compare the full configuration interaction results with those obtained using two variants of coupled cluster theory and find that a fully iterative treatment of connected triples may be required to estimate the H₂-H₂ vibrational coupling accurately using coupled cluster theory.     

IR Vibrational spectra of H-bonded complexes of adenine, 2-aminopurine and 2-aminopurine<Superscript>+</Superscript> with cytosine and thymine: Quantum-chemical study

Using theoretical study on the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory, we have compared vibrational spectra of 2-aminopurine (as neutral or protonated at N1 atom species) with adenine and H-bonded complexes of 2-aminopurine (as neutral or protoned at N1 atom species) · cytosine or 2-aminopurine · thymine with adenine · cytosine and adenine · thymine base pairs. The nature of the base pairing between adenine, 2-aminopurine, 2-aminopurine⁺ and cytosine or thymine have been investigated by means of quantum-mechanical calculations. We have investigated the effect of the hydrogen bond formation on the vibrational spectra of the investigated base pairs. The main differences in the vibrational spectra as for bases so for base pairs have been observed in the high-frequency region.     

Nondissociative electron attachment to molecules and clusters

We present results of effective range theory calculations of nondissociative electron attachment to SF₆ molecules and CO₂ clusters. The first process is strongly influenced by the SF^-₆ virtual state, and the second by vibrational Feshbach resonances associated with electron capture by the long-range polarization field of the cluster with simultaneous vibrational excitation of one molecular unit. We also study how both processes depend on the initial vibrational excitation of the target. We obtain a noticeable dependence of the attachment cross-section on the symmetric stretch vibration of SF₆, although it does not lead to a significant temperature dependence at low electron energies.     

Quantum ergodicity and energy flow in molecules

We review a theory for coupled many-nonlinear oscillator systems that describes quantum ergodicity and energy flow in molecules. The theory exploits the isomorphism between quantum energy flow in Fock space, that is, vibrational state space, and single-particle quantum transport in disordered solid-state systems. The quantum ergodicity transition in molecules is thereby analogous to the Anderson transition in disordered solids. The theory reviewed here, local random matrix theory (LRMT), describes the nature of the quantum ergodicity transition, statistical properties of vibrational eigenstates, and quantum energy flow through the vibrational states of molecules. Predictions of LRMT have been observed in computational studies of coupled nonlinear oscillator systems, which are summarized here. We also review applications of LRMT to molecular spectroscopy and chemical reaction rate theory, including adoption of LRMT in theories that predict rates of conformational change of molecules taking place at energies corresponding to those below and above the quantum ergodicity transition. A number of specific examples are reviewed, including the application of LRMT to predict (1) dilution factors of IR spectra of organic molecules, (2) rates of conformational change in chemical and photochemical reactions, (3) conformational dynamics of biological molecules in molecular beams, (4) rates of hydrogen bond breaking and rearrangement in clusters of biological molecules and water, and (5) excited state proton transfer reactions in proteins.     

Computational investigation of CO adsorbed on Au<Subscript>x</Subscript>, Ag<Subscript>x</Subscript> and (AuAg)<Subscript>x</Subscript> nanoclusters (x = 1 − 5, 147) and monometallic Au and Ag low-energy surfaces

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the use of CO as a probe molecule for the determination of the structure and composition of Au, Ag and AuAg nanoparticles. For very small nanoclusters (x = 1 ? 5), the CO vibrational frequencies can be directly correlated to CO adsorption strength, whereas larger 147-atom nanoparticles show a strong energetic preference for CO adsorption at a vertex position but the highest wavenumbers are for the bridge positions. We also studied CO adsorption on Au and Ag (100) and (111) surfaces, for a 1 monolayer coverage, which proves to be energetically favourable on atop only and bridge positions for Au (100) and atop for Ag (100); vibrational frequencies of the CO molecules red-shift to lower wavenumbers as a result of increased metal coordination. We conclude that CO vibrational frequencies cannot be solely relied upon in order to obtain accurate compositional analysis, but we do propose that elemental rearrangement in the core@shell nanoclusters, from Ag@Au (or Au@Ag) to an alloy, would result in a shift in the CO vibrational frequencies that indicate changes in the surface composition.     

Anharmonic spectra of methanol and silanol: A comparative study

Anharmonic vibrational spectra of methanol and silanol as well as of some of their deuterated isotopomers are analysed using the vibrational self-consistent field approximation corrected by second order perturbation theory (cc-VSCF). Experimental frequencies in the case of methanol and its isotopomers are in general reproduced and anharmonic effects in their vibrational spectra are suitably explained. The similar species containing Si, i.e., silanol, is very unstable. Experimental data about its vibrational spectra are rare in the literature and the only theoretical data available come from the harmonic approach. Thus, to predict further anharmonic effects in its vibrational spectra, we extend our results on methanol to the silanol molecule.     

Vibrational anomalies and marginal stability of glasses

The experimentally measured vibrational spectrum of glasses strongly deviates from that expected in Debye’s elasticity theory: The density of states deviates from Debye’s ω² law (“boson peak”), the sound velocity shows a negative dispersion in the boson-peak frequency regime, and there is a strong increase in the sound attenuation near the boson-peak frequency. A generalized elasticity theory is presented, based on the model assumption that the shear modulus of the disordered medium fluctuates randomly in space. The fluctuations are assumed to be uncorrelated and have a certain distribution (Gaussian or otherwise). Using field-theoretical techniques one is able to derive mean-field theories for the vibrational spectrum of a disordered system. The theory based on a Gaussian distribution uses a self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA),while the theory for non-Gaussian distributions is based on a coherent-potential approximation (CPA). Both approximate theories appear to be saddle-point approximations of effective replica field theories. The theory gives a satisfactory explanation of the vibrational anomalies in glasses. Excellent agreement of the SCBA theory with simulation data on a soft-sphere glass is reached. Since the SCBA is based on a Gaussian distribution of local shear moduli, including negative values, this theory describes a shear instability as a function of the variance of shear fluctuations. In the vicinity of this instability, a fractal frequency dependence of the density of states and the sound attenuation ∝ ω^1+a is predicted with a ? 1/2. Such a frequency dependence is indeed observed both in simulations and in experimental data. We argue that the observed frequency dependence stems from marginally stable regions in a glass and discuss these findings in terms of rigidity percolation.