原位测量固体材料热导率的改进热探针方法

热导率是一个重要的热特性参数,它的测量方法包括稳态法和瞬态法。然而,各测量方法由于接触界面均存在非完美热接触,导致接触热阻无法忽略,进而降低热导率测量的准确性。于是,本研究提出了一种改进的热探针方法,即原位浇筑单针法,来降低接触热阻的影响。同时我们还采用了另外四种常用的热导率测量方法测量六种材料的热导率。并且,为了研究接触热阻对热导率测量的影响,我们采用了涂抹导热硅脂的双针法和单针法测量材料热导率。研究表明,原位浇筑单针法的测量结果与其它四种方法热导率的测量结果相一致,并且,原位浇筑单针法可以有效地减少接触热阻,从而提高热导率测量的准确度。     

橡胶盘厚度在固体热导率测量实验中的探究

实验通过使用YBF-2型热导率测定仪测量不同厚度橡胶盘的热导率,并采用控制变量法,从而探究橡胶盘厚度对固体热导率测量的影响,发现橡胶盘越厚,热导率测量值的误差越大。所以在做固体热导率的实验时橡胶盘的厚度越薄越好。     

用拉曼光谱测量GeSbSe玻璃的热导率

本文根据斯托克斯和反斯托克斯拉曼光谱散射截面的不同,测量样品表面温度,并进一步提出了一种测量材料热导率的新方法.利用该方法系统地研究了GexSb10Se90-x,GexSb15Se85-x和GexSb20Se80-x三个系列的GeSbSe玻璃的热导率,从而证明该方法的实用性和可靠性,同时分析其化学组分对材料结构和热导率的影响.该方法测量获得的热导率与文献报道的热导率基本一致,表明拉曼光谱法测试材料的热导率简单、快捷,是一种实用的测量材料热导率的方法.结果表明每个系列硫系玻璃的热导率随着Ge浓度的增加而增加,在等于或近似化学配比组分处,硫系玻璃的热导率达到最大值,然后随着Ge含量的继续增加而降低.认为GeSbSe硫系玻璃热导率表现出的阈值现象归因于GeSbSe三元网络结构分离为二元结构的结果.     

低温下用3ω法测量热导率的研究

3ω法是测量体材料和薄膜材料热导率的主要方法之一。低温真空条件下测量热物性往往受接触热阻以及加热器自热效应的影响比较大。文中针对低温下体材料热导率的测量,通过总结国内外近年来用3ω法测量热导率的主要研究成果,对如何选择合适的加热频率以减小这两方面所带来的影响做了一些研究,并指出了低温下用3ω法测量体材料热导率的进一步研究工作。     

介孔二氧化硅基导电聚合物复合材料热导率的实验研究

本文首先制备并表征了介孔二氧化硅SBA-15、 填充导电聚合物的复合材料PANI/SBA-15和复合材料PPy/SBA-15, 并建立双流计实验台开展了材料压片情况下的热导率研究. 在测量得到复合材料热导率的基础上, 引入当量孔径, 结合测量孔径对 PANI/SBA-15和PPy/SBA-15复合材料热导率随填充量的变化进行了定性分析. 分析表明: PANI/SBA-15和PPy/SBA-15复合材料的热导率比基材SBA-15的热导率大得多; 在相同的测量孔径和当量孔径情况下, PANI/SBA-15复合材料的热导率比PPy/SBA-15复合材料的热导率大; 导电聚合物填充到复合材料孔道内和孔道外都有助于热导率的提高, 填充到孔道内比填充到孔道外对热导率提高的贡献更大.     

利用液体夹心法测量LiF单晶高压热导率

提出了液体夹心法热导率测量技术, 采用CHBr3液体作为夹心材料实现了样品/窗口界面的理想接触, 并将动载荷作用下的夹心法高压热导率实验测量压力下限拓展至40 GPa, 为绝缘介电晶体高温高压热导率测量提供了技术支持. 实验利用平面碰撞和DPS测试技术, 结合液体夹心法实测了LiF单晶高压热导率数据, 对现有热导率理论模型进行了研究和探讨, 结果显示, 在γ/γ0=(ρ0/ρ)2时, 修正后的Roufosse理论公式与实验数据符合较好, 这一研究结果为非透明材料冲击波温度测量中的热传导修正提供了实验数据和理论模型。     

新型良导体热导率测量仪的研制

分析了测量良导体热导率教学实验中现有的实验仪器存在的一些问题,对原实验装置进行了改进和创新,研制了新颖的良导体热导率实验仪器,并对新仪器的测量准确度和稳定性做了测量和讨论.     

利用液体夹心法测量LiF单晶高压热导率简

提出了液体夹心法热导率测量技术,采用CHBr3液体作为夹心材料实现了样品/窗口界面的理想接触,并将动载荷作用下的夹心法高压热导率实验测量压力下限拓展至40GPa,为绝缘介电晶体高温高压热导率测量提供了技术支持.实验利用平面碰撞和DPS测试技术,结合液体夹心法实测了LiF单晶高压热导率数据,对现有热导率理论模型进行了研究和探讨,结果显示,在γ/γ0=(ρ0/ρ)2时,修正后的Roufosse理论公式与实验数据符合较好,这一研究结果为非透明材料冲击波温度测量中的热传导修正提供了实验数据和理论模型.     

固体热导率测量仪的新发现

实验通过稳态法使用TC-3型固体热导率测定仪[1,9]的测量方法改变来测量海洋大气热导率,结构简单,误差更小,一机多用.通过改变加热铜盘A与散热铜盘B之间的距离,探究距离对大气热导率的影响,并与教材中介绍的气体热导率测定仪测量的大气热导率进行比较.     

“热线法”测定气体热导率数据处理方法及Origin软件应用的探究

在分析＂热线法＂测定气体热导率原理的基础上,以干燥空气为例对其热导率进行了测量,用＂线性外推法＂进行数据处理,并用Origin7.0软件对测量结果进行了数据分析,可快捷精确地获得测量结果。     

Effects of vacancy defects and axial strain on thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires: A reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation

Thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) is evaluated using the reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. The Stillinger–Weber (SW) and Tersoff interatomic potentials are employed to simulate thermal conductivity of SiNWs. In this work, the influence of random vacancy defects, axial strain, temperature and length on thermal conductivity and effective mean free path of SiNWs is investigated. It is found that by raising the percent of random vacancy defects, thermal conductivity of SiNWs decreases linearly for the results obtained form SW potential and nonlinearly for those obtained from Tersoff interatomic potential. Dependence of the thermal conductivity on axial strain is also studied. Results show that thermal conductivity increases as compressive strain increases and decreases as tensile strain increases. Influence of temperature is also predicted. It is found that the thermal conductivity of SiNWs decreases with increasing the mean temperature. Most of the simulations are performed for 4 UC×4 UC×40 UC silicon nanowires using ssp boundary condition.     

固态金属中声子热传递的分子动力学模拟研究

固态金属中的热传递是声子和自由电子共同作用的结果。自由电子引起的热导率可以通过电导率,利用Wiedemann-Franz定律得到,声子引起的热导率目前仍然不能进行实验测量,只能借助其他方法来研究。本文采用非平衡分子动力学(NEMD)方法,用镶嵌原子方法(EAM)势能模型,模拟计算了不同厚度(1.760-10.56nm)金属镍薄膜中由于声子-声子作用引起的热导率。然后根据纳米厚度金属薄膜的热导率借助关联式推到宏观尺度下由于声子-声子作用引起的热导率。结果表明,对于纳米厚度金属薄膜,由于声子-声子作用引起的热导率比块体金属镍的热导率小一个数量级;薄膜厚度越小,声子-声子作用引起的热导率越小;对于块体金属镍,由于声子-声子作用引起的热导率约占其总热导率的33.0%左右。     

Influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

The influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) is discussed in this paper, using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD) method. The tube lengths of the SWNTs studied here are 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively, and at each length the relationship between chiral angle and thermal conductivity of a SWNT is revealed. We find that if the tube length is relatively short, the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of a SWNT is more obvious and that a SWNT with a larger chiral angle has a greater thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of a zigzag SWNT is smaller than that of an armchair one. As the tube length becomes longer, the thermal conductivity increases while the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity decreases.     

Effect of structure variation on thermal conductivity of hydrogenated silicon film

Hydrogenated silicon film was fabricated by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The influence of crystalline volume fraction variation on the thermal conductivity was investigated. The relation between crystalline volume and film thickness was characterized by using spectroscopic ellipsometry with Bruggeman effective medium (BEMA) model. The thermal conductivity of silicon film was measured based on Fourier thermal transmitting law using sputtering platinum as electrode. The results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of silicon film is proportional to the volume fraction of crystalline silicon, and there is crystalline and thermal conductive gradient between surface and bottom in the microcrystalline film.     

Local thermal conductivity of polycrystalline AlN ceramics measured by scanning thermal microscopy and complementary scanning electron microscopy techniques

The local thermal conductivity of polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics is measured and imaged by using a scanning thermal microscope (SThM) and complementary scanning electron microscope (SEM) based techniques at room temperature. The quantitative thermal conductivity for the AlN sample is gained by using a SThM with a spatial resolution of sub-micrometer scale through using the 3ω method. A thermal conductivity of 308 W/m·K within grains corresponding to that of high-purity single crystal AlN is obtained. The slight differences in thermal conduction between the adjacent grains are found to result from crystallographic misorientations, as demonstrated in the electron backscattered diffraction. A much lower thermal conductivity at the grain boundary is due to impurities and defects enriched in these sites, as indicated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.     

石墨泡沫新材料导热的分形模型

新型导热材料石墨泡沫具有很好的热物理性质。本文在实验获取这种新型多孔材料的基础上,建立了基于分形理论的材料结构和导热模型,采用热阻法给出了石墨泡沫材料的等效导热系数的关系式,计算了石墨泡沫的剖面孔隙面积分形维数和等效导热系数.     

基于量子修正的石墨烯纳米带热导率分子动力学表征方法

本文提出了基于量子修正的非平衡态分子动力学模型,可用于石墨烯纳米带热导率的表征.利用该模型对不同温度下,不同手性及宽度的石墨烯纳米带热导率进行了研究,结果发现:相较于经典分子动力学模型给出的热导率随温度升高而单调下降的结论,在低于Debye温度的情况下,量子修正模型的计算结果出现了反常现象.本文研究还发现,石墨烯纳米带的热导率呈现出明显的边缘效应及尺度效应:锯齿型石墨烯纳米带的热导率明显高于扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带;全温段的热导率及热导率在低温段随温度变化的斜率均随宽度的增加而增大.最后,文章用Boltzmann声子散射理论对低温段的温度效应及尺度效应进行了阐释,其理论分析结果说明文章所建模型适合在全温段范围内对不同宽度和不同手性的热导率进行精确计算,可为石墨烯纳米带在传热散热领域的应用提供理论计算和分析依据.     

Phonon thermal transport in InAs nanowires with different size and growth directions

We investigate the phonon thermal transport properties in InAs nanowires with different size and growth directions by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics methods. The results show a remarkable anisotropy for the thermal conductivity in InAs nanowire. It is found that the thermal conductivity along [110] growth direction is about three times larger than that along [100] or [111] direction. With the increase of temperature, the thermal conductivity along [110] direction decreases significantly. However, the thermal conductivity along other two directions is not sensitive to temperature. Moreover, we find a crossover from ballistic to ballistic-diffusive thermal transport for a certain length of InAs nanowire. A brief physical analysis of these results is given. It is suggested that the anisotropy of thermal conductivity is common for nanowires with zinc blende structures.     

良导体热导率不同测量法的比较

维德曼-弗兰兹定律指出金属的热导率和电导率的比值是常数,本文先测量了一定温度下的材料的电阻率,再由电阻率计算出材料的热导率,并与利用热波法得到的热导率进行比较,其结果相近.     

The effects of vacancy defects and nitrogen doping on the thermal conductivity of armchair (10, 10) single-wall carbon nanotubes

The influence of vacancy defects and nitrogen doping on the thermal conductivity of typical armchair (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotubes is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The second-generation reactive empirical bond order potential and Tersoff potential are used to describe the interatomic interactions and the thermal conductivities are calculated using the Müller-Plathe approach (also called non-equilibrium MD simulation). Vacancy defects decrease the thermal conductivity whereas the substitution of nitrogen at vacancy sites improves the thermal conductivity. Quantum correction of the calculated results produces a thermal conductance temperature dependence that is in qualitative agreement with experimental data.