10—14 μm同时响应的双色量子阱红外探测器

实现截止波长为11.8和14.5 μm双色同时响应的量子阱红外探测器,可以同时工作在8—12 μm大气窗口和甚长波波段.在77 K下测量到很强的光电流谱.器件结构采取了较为简洁的设计,通过适当增大量子阱结构中势阱的宽度和选择合适的掺杂浓度,在同一偏压下实现了对两个波长的同时响应.两个光响应峰分别为基态到第五激发态和基态到第一激发态的跃迁吸收. 关键词： 量子阱红外探测器 双色 同时响应     

GaAs／AlGaAs多量子阱红外探测器研制成功

红外量子阱探测器是利用量子阱材料导带内子带间光跃迁对红外辐射的强吸收,来测量红外辐射强度的一种新型的、快速灵敏的红外探测器.其工作原理是:首先利用掺杂使量子阱中的基态上填充上具有一定浓度的二维电子,当入射光子能量■等于子带间能隙时。照射到器件接收面上的红外辐射将处于基态上的电子激发到较高激发态上,这些激发热电子在外场作用下,在匹配的外电路中形成与入射光强度成正比的电流或电压信号.该探测器的响应波段可以覆盖8—14μm的波长范围,响应速度快(皮秒量级),灵敏度较高(D*～1010cmHz1/2/W),并且可以通过改变材料的生长…     

甚长波量子阱红外探测器的暗电流特性研究

基于载流子在量子结构中的输运理论研究了甚长波量子阱红外探测器(峰值响应波长15μm，量子阱个数大于40)的载流子的输运性质.研究结果表明，在甚长波量子阱红外探测器中，电流密度一般很低，暗电流主要来源于能量高于势垒边的热激发电子.通过薛定谔方程和泊松方程以及电流的连续性方程的自洽求解，发现外加偏压下电子浓度在甚长波器件各量子阱的分布发生较大变化，电场在整个器件结构上呈非均匀分布，靠近发射极层的势垒承担的电压远远高于均匀分布的情形.平带模型假定电压在器件体系上均匀分布，导致小偏压下的理论计算值远远低于实验值. 关键词： 甚长波量子阱红外探测器 量子波输运 暗电流     

GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs量子阱能级结构设计与光谱分析

通过理论计算对用于量子阱红外探测器的GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs量子阱能级结构进行模拟设计,将不同生长结构的量子阱材料的光响应谱和光致荧光谱(PL)与计算结果进行比较.说明量子阱生长结构与量子阱能级结构的关系.欲使量子阱红外探测器的响应峰值在8μm附近,则需量子阱结构中阱宽为47nm,垒中Al含量为029.理论计算与测试结果符合得较好. 关键词：     

超长波GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器光电流谱特性研究

研究了响应波长在15μm附近的超长波GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器在不同外加偏压下的光电流谱特性.光电流谱上的两个主要由于阱宽随机涨落而呈现为高斯线形的响应峰被分别指认为量子阱基态E0到第一激发态E1和第三激发态E3的跃迁.跃迁峰随着器件上外加偏压的增大而出现线性红移现象，认为这种变化起源于激发态与基态对量子阱结构中势变化敏感性的不同，采用传输矩阵方法并考虑到电子交互作用修正进行的理论计算在定量上解释了实验结果. 关键词： 量子阱红外探测器 超长波 光电流 传输矩阵     

基于VO_2薄膜非致冷红外探测器光电响应研究

VO2 薄膜是非致冷微测辐射热红外探测器热敏电阻材料 .研究中应用微电子工艺制备了VO2 溅射薄膜红外探测器 ,在 2 96K的环境中测试了该探测器在不同的直流偏置、光调制频率下对 873K标准黑体源 8— 12 μm红外辐射的光电响应以及器件的噪声电压 ,在 10和 30Hz的调制频率下其响应率分别大于 17kV/W和接近 10kV/W .该探测器实现了探测率D 大于 1 0× 10 8cmHz/W ,热时间常量为 0 0 11s的 8— 12 μm非致冷红外探测     

基于silvaco-TCAD的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP红外探测器的仿真

采用silvaco-TCAD研究In0.53Ga0.47As/InP SAGCM-APD光电探测器,对探测器的结构参数对器件的电场分布、击穿电压和贯穿电压的影响进行仿真分析。研究表明电荷层对器件内部电场起到更好的调节作用,但过高的电荷层面密度会导致APD探测器的击穿电压与贯穿电压之差减小。倍增层厚度的增加使击穿电压先减小后增高,贯穿电压线性增加,同时耗尽层宽度变大,使器件电容减小。当倍增区厚度1 μm、偏压为-5 V时,器件电容密度达到了4.5×10-17 F/μm。反向偏置电压为30 V时,APD探测器在1.31 μm和1.55 μm波长下的响应度分别达到1 A/W和1.1 A/W     

空穴在动量空间分布对p型量子阱红外探测器响应光谱的影响

通过对p型量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)的自洽计算，得到了量子阱价带的电子结构和器件的光电流谱，并研究了载流子在动量空间分布对p型QWIP光谱响应的影响.计算结果表明，在动量空间不同区域的空穴对器件的光谱响应起着不同作用，从而使得在p型QWIP中，空穴浓度和温度都将影响器件的响应光谱.所得结果合理地解释了实验中器件响应光谱随掺杂浓度和温度的变化. 关键词： p型量子阱红外探测器 响应光谱 空穴浓度 温度     

量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的高功率特性

通过测量1.55 μm量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电流随反向电压和光功率的变化关系,以及模拟能带结构、电场分布等特性,研究了量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的高功率特性.分析了光电流的产生机制,测量了1.064 μm量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电响应,模拟了具有不同势垒高度的量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器的光电响应.从实验和模拟两方面证明了量子阱的势垒高度是影响量子阱共振腔增强型光电探测器高功率特性的最主要因素.     

我国第一支量子阱红外探测器

量子阱红外探测器是一种新型红外探测器.它是利用新型半导体超晶格量子阱材料的子能带光跃迁的红外吸收特性制成的.它具有响应快、灵敏度高、可变波长、可变带宽等特点,并有实现大面积集成和制作大面积二维象素列阵的实际可能性,将成为新一代红外探测器件,在未来五到十年内可能引起红外物理、红外光电子学及其应用领域的变革.两年前,美国贝尔实验室已研制出可与历史悠久的HgCdTe红外探测器性能相比较的GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱探测器. 中国科学院物理研究所从1989年开始,就在器件材料生长、器件物理、器件工艺及器件的性能测试等方面,着手进行…     

Nonlinear impedances of thermoacoustic stacks with ordered and disordered structures

Nonlinear impedances of two thermoacoustic stacks with ordered structures （plate-type and pipe-type） and one with a disordered structure （copper mesh） are studied. The linear resistances, nonlinear coefficients and effective acoustic masses of the stacks are extracted from the experimental results based on an analogical model of nonlinear impedances of porous materials. The resistance and nonlinear coefficient of the disordered stack are found to be much larger than those of the ordered stacks, which have similar volume porosities. In the ordered stacks, the resistance is only marginally influenced by the length of the stack, while in the disordered stack, the resistance increases significantly with the length. These charac- teristics of the impedances of ordered and disordered stacks are explained with the minor loss theory and the tortuosity of a stack.     

3,4,9,10 - Tetrathioperylene - I1.28, a new highly conducting,incommensurate organic charge transfer salt

We report here the preparation of TTP - I_1.28 (TTP = 3,4,9,10 - Tetrathioperylene), the crystal structures of TTP and its complex TTP - I_1.28 and their electrical conductivities. The crystal structure of TTP consists of two inequivalent types of segregated stacks with intermolecular planar spacings of 3.43 Å, and 3.47 Å. The crystal structure of TTP - I_1.28 consists of two incommensurate sublattices. The TTP sublattice is built up by segregated stacks of TTP molecules with interplanar spacing of 3.25 Å. The iodine sublattice consists of columns formed mainly by I₃ units. The electrical conductivity is very weakly metallic at room temperature and turns to a semiconducting behavior at 220 K with an activation energy of 15 meV.     

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为提高NBI系统的稳定运行参数和可靠性,研制了一台基于高频开关电源技术的全固态调制输出负高压测试电源,并将HL-2A装置NBI系统原4套抑制极电源的电子管调制器改为基于IGBT串联技术的全固态调制器.对比原抑制极电源系统,给出了基于高频开关技术和IGBT串联技术的抑制极电源结构.结合NBI系统调试实验,通过调节抑制极电源电压,瞬态电流输出能力,分析了抑制极电源输出性能对离子源束流引出特性,离子源引出电极击穿特性的影响,获得了引出稳定离子束流的最低抑制电压.     

L10 Stacked Binaries as Candidates for Hard‐Magnets: FePt,MnAl and MnGa

We present a novel approach for designing new hard magnets by forming stacks of existing binary magnets to enhance the magneto crystalline anisotropy. This is followed by an attempt at reducing the amount of expensive metal in these stacks by replacing it with cheaper metal with similar ionic radius. This strategy is explored using examples of FePt, MnAl and MnGa. In this study a few promising materials are suggested as good candidates for hard magnets: stacked binary FePt₂MnGa₂ in structure where each magnetic layer is separated by two non‐magnetic layers, FePtMnGa and FePtMnAl in hexagonally distorted Heusler structures and FePt_0.5Ti_0.5MnAl.     

Ellipsometry of anisotropic materials: A new efficient polynomial approach

Dielectric multilayer stacks can exhibit anisotropy along the normal to the substrate. We present a polynomial approach for the spectroscopic ellipsometry of anisotropic multilayer structure in the cases where the off-diagonal elements of the dielectric tensor are zero. The ellipsometric parameters ψ and Δ of a stratified anisotropic planar structure can be written in a form so simple that they can be given directly without any calculation for any number of interfaces. The variation of ψ and Δ of two simple structures with the incidence angle is shown. The numerical results reveal an exact match with the well known traditional formalism.     

Operating characteristics analysis of a dual-excited full-wavelength piezoceramic ultrasonic transducer

A dual-excited full-wavelength piezoceramic ultrasonic transducer as a cascade of two half-wavelength sandwich piezoceramic transducers is studied.The relevant parameters' expressions of the figure of merit N for the transducer are derived,and the effects of the structure and material parameters of the transducer on its characteristics are further analyzed by numerical calculation.The results show that when the two piezoceramic stacks are respectively located at the displacement nodes of their own half-wavelength transducers,or the two piezoceramic stacks have the same number of pieces in the case of a certain number of piezoceramic pieces,the figure of merit of the transducer can reach a maximum.With increasing of the number of piezoceramic pieces in a fairly large range,the figure of merit of the transducer slightly decreases,but the force factor of the transducer increases rapidly.The metal materials of the transducer have little effect on its figure of merit.Thus it can be seen that the dual-excited full-wavelength transducer can effectively increase the volumes of the piezoceramic stacks in the case of that the transducer's comprehensive performance has only a little bit of degradation,so it's power capacity and load capability can be dramatically improved,which means the transducer is more suitable for high power and heavy load applications.     

双激励全波长压电陶瓷超声换能器工作特性分析

对由两个半波长夹心式压电陶瓷换能器级联而成的双激励全波长压电陶瓷超声换能器进行了研究,给出了这种换能器优值的相关参量表达式,通过数值计算分析了该换能器的结构和材料参数对其特性的影响。研究结果表明,当两组压电陶瓷堆分别位于各自所在半波长换能器的位移节点,或者在压电陶瓷片数量确定情况下两组压电陶瓷堆的片数相同时,换能器均能得到最大的优值;在相当大的范围内增加压电陶瓷片的数量,换能器的优值稍有降低,但力因子迅速增大;金属块材料对换能器的优值影响甚微。可见双激励全波长换能器能在不明显降低换能器综合性能的情况下有效增加压电陶瓷的体积,因而可大幅提高换能器的功率容量和负载能力,更适用于大功率重负载的场合。      

Nonreciprocal scattering by stacked nonlinear magneto-active semiconductor layers

The combinatorial frequency generation by the periodic stacks of magnetically biased semiconductor layers has been modelled in a self-consistent problem formulation, taking into account the nonlinear dynamics of carriers. It is shown that magnetic bias not only renders nonreciprocity of the three-wave mixing process but also significantly enhances the nonlinear interactions in the stacks, especially at the frequencies close to the intrinsic magneto-plasma resonances of the constituent layers. The main mechanisms and properties of the combinatorial frequency generation and emission from the stacks are illustrated by the simulation results, and the effects of the individual layer parameters and the structure arrangement on the stack nonlinear and nonreciprocal response are discussed.     

Band structure and reflectance for a nonlinear one-dimensional photonic crystal

We consider a model for a one-dimensional photonic crystal formed by a succession of nonlinear Kerr-type equidistant spaceless interfaces immersed in a linear medium. We calculate analytically the band structure of this system as a function of the incident wave intensity, and find two main tendencies: the appearance of prohibited bands, and the separation and narrowing of these bands. We consider as well a finite version of this photonic crystal for a limited number of alternating linear and non linear set of stacks for which we calculate reflectance as a function of the electromagnetic wave intensity, band index and number of periods. A system with these features can be constructed by alternating very thin slabs of a nonlinear soft matter material with thicker solid films, which can be used to design a device to control light propagation for specific wavelength intervals and light intensities of the same propagating signal.     

Comparison of spatial harmonics in infinite and finite Bragg stacks for metamaterial homogenization

Metamaterial homogenization may be based on the dominance of a single Floquet–Bloch spatial harmonic in an infinite periodic structure – with the dominance quantified in terms of the relative magnitude of the associated spatial harmonic Poynting vector. For the corresponding finite structure the field is not quasi-periodic and cannot be expanded in Floquet–Bloch spatial harmonics; however, a set of pseudo spatial harmonics can be defined and the dominance of a single such harmonic likewise be used to determine whether the structure can be homogenized. For three different lossless Bragg stack configurations (one of which is magneto-dielectric), we show, using spectral representation, that the field in the finite structure can be accurately expanded in terms of these pseudo spatial harmonics and that the distribution of these agrees very well with the distribution of Floquet–Bloch spatial harmonics of the corresponding infinite Bragg stack. This is even the case for finite Bragg stacks having only two unit cells; thus, the number of unit cells does not influence the homogenizability of this type of configuration.