PETN炸药NQR信号处理方法

利用核四极共振(Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, NQR)原理探测隐藏炸药,具有准确率高、误报率低、无放射性沾染和防护问题等优点. 但NQR信号十分微弱,湮没在噪声中,检测困难,这成为制约NQR技术发展的一项瓶颈. 为提升NQR信号信噪比,根据NQR信号的特点,提出了一种基于改进阈值函数小波变换的NQR信号去噪方法. 计算表明该方法可以有效消除外界噪声对信号的干扰,提高探测的准确性.      

爆炸物检测中NQR信号的处理及判识

介绍了基于核四极矩技术的爆炸物检测原理及信号处理方法.系统分析了NQR信号检测中主要误差来源,提出多种方法消除NQR信号处理中检测误差,主要包括相关累加消除随机噪声;单通道自适应消除振铃影响;相关性检测抑制同频干扰.实验表明相关检测可有效提高NQR信号信噪比,提高微弱NQR信号检测的准确性.     

相位可控的核四极矩共振激励脉冲发生器设计

在核四极矩共振（NQR）领域，射频激励脉冲信号的优劣对NQR响应信号有重要影响.针对常规方法中射频激励脉冲参数不可控的问题，本文基于32位闪存微型控制器STM32和直接数字频率合成（DDS）芯片AD9910设计了一种相位可控激励脉冲发生器.采用STM32控制AD9910产生波形参数（脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、脉冲个数和共振频率等）可控的射频激励脉冲，利用LabVIEW软件平台设计脉冲参数设置界面，并建立计算机与微控制器通信，实现波形参数的精确优化控制.实验结果表明，该方法实现了相位可控的NQR激励脉冲序列，可为后续NQR信号检测提供有效激励源.     

超再生核四极共振谱仪的工作原理和实验关键问题

一、引言早期核四极共振(NQR)谱仪有再生成、超再生式和脉冲式三大类,前商者为稳态探测,射频信号的产生和NQR信号的检测均在同一电路中完成,再生式线型失真小,但灵敏度低;超再生式灵敏度高,但谱     

基于小波阀值消噪的硝铵NQR信号处理

针对硝铵（AN）核电四极矩共振（NQR）信号通过傅立叶变换频域分析缺乏信号时域信息的特点,对硝铵NQR信号进行时频分析,达到从强背景噪声下检测出NQR信号的目的. 引入小波分析阀值去噪的方法对硝铵NQR信号进行处理. 对处理后数据与标准信号之间的相关系数进行分析. 实验结果表明小波阀值去噪方法可以成功检测到硝铵的NQR信号.     

NQR炸药探测系统中射频线圈的设计研究

基于核四极矩共振(Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, NQR)炸药探测原理,对探测系统中拾取信号的关键部件射频线圈进行了优化设计,并确定了小型螺线管型线圈的直径、长度和匝数. 试验测试表明,此线圈射频场均匀性好、信噪比大、灵敏度高,可以快速准确探测到NQR信号,验证了线圈设计理论的有效性和制作方法的可行性. 该设计方法对提高隐藏炸药探测的准确率以及不同试验条件下射频线圈的设计具有重要意义.     

己知信号的计算机快速识别

从计算机模拟和¹⁴N远程NQR实验上研究了神经网络在对已知信号的自动识别问题.证实了多层网络的反向传播算法对解决这一问题的有效性.实验结果表明,在信噪比很低和存在很强的干扰条件下,B-P算法仍然保持了很高的识别率(≥ 90%),这在远程NQR实际应用中是非常有意义的.     

基于水声信道传播时延排序的分层空时信号检测

基于分层空时编码的多输入多输出技术是一种极具潜力的高速水声通信技术, 但要实现这种潜力需要复杂的空时信号处理方法, 以抵消来自水声信道的多径干扰和异步到达干扰, 以及叠加在接收端的各层信号之间的干扰. 对低复杂度的空时信号处理方案进行了研究, 提出了一种基于子信道传播时延排序的有序连续干扰抵消信号检测算法, 利用子信道间的传播时延差, 实现可使差错概率最小的最佳检测排序; 给出了利用信道估计, 以极低的计算量确定排序的方法, 从而可以大幅降低信号检测的计算复杂度. 采用低复杂度的单载波频域均衡来抵消水声信道中的码间干扰和异步到达干扰. 仿真结果表明, 基于时延排序的信号处理算法可以获得检测性能的改善, 而且性能增益在高数据率时更加显著. 研究结果表明, 采用有效的信号处理方法可使水声信道中造成信号检测干扰的传播时延成为改善系统性能的有利因素.     

一种背景误差累积的高光谱图像异常检测算法

针对背景信息对高光谱图像异常检测的强干扰问题,提出了一种背景误差累积的异常检测算法.该算法通过构造背景子空间,利用各像素到该子空间的正交投影,得到有效抑制背景并突显目标的背景误差数据,用于后续的异常目标检测.最后用真实的高光谱数据进行仿真实验,理论分析比较和实验结果表明该算法具有较好的检测效果.     

一种背景误差累积的高光谱图像异常检测算法

针对背景信息对高光谱图像异常检测的强干扰问题,提出了一种背景误差累积的异常检测算法.该算法通过构造背景子空间,利用各像素到该子空间的正交投影,得到有效抑制背景并突显目标的背景误差数据,用于后续的异常目标检测.最后用真实的高光谱数据进行仿真实验,理论分析比较和实验结果表明该算法具有较好的检测效果.     

Three-Frequency Composite Multipulse Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Technique for Explosive Detection

New method of multifrequency nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) for the explosive detection has been proposed. This technique consists of application of the series of composite excitation circles, each consisting of two or three successive pulses of different frequencies. In this work, we study in detail the multipulse sequence consisting of n excitation sets, each set consists of three pulses. The first pulse is applied with frequency ?? _?, the second pulse with frequency ?? ₀, and the third pulse with frequency ?? _?C, but with a shifted phase. The NQR signal is detected at the frequency ?? ₊. The maximal amplitude of the detected signal is obtained by tuning the pulse parameters at frequencies ?? _? and ?? ₀. We have shown that the phase of the NQR signal at the frequency ?? ₊ second part of the composite pulse with the frequency ?? ₀ the signals with different phases to suppress the spurious signals. The method could be used for increasing the NQR signal, avoiding the spurious signals and improving the reliability of NQR detection. Possible applications of the method for the explosive detection are also discussed.     

Detection of ammonium nitrate inside vehicles by nuclear quadrupole resonance

The development of a system for the detection of ammonium nitrate (AN) in vehicles by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is described. The results from studies of the penetration of radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields inside certain metal enclosures, including full-scale vehicles, were critical in the design of a novel high-Q resonant probe. The probe was shaped not only for optimal penetration of RF magnetic fields into vehicles, but also for optimal rejection of RF interference and ease of shielding. A full-scale technical demonstrator was designed, built and successfully demonstrated, using novel pulse sequences to generate and detect NQR signals from AN concealed within the boot (trunk) of a car and in the loading bay of a (metal-sided) van. Among the key technical advances that made possible the effective operation of this system was the development of pulse sequences that generate detectable NQR responses for RF magnetic fields that are both very weak and very inhomogeneous.     

混沌噪声背景下微弱脉冲信号的检测及恢复

构建了一种在混沌噪声背景下检测并恢复微弱脉冲信号的模型.首先,基于混沌信号的短期可预测性及其对微小扰动的敏感性,对观测信号进行相空间重构、建立局域线性自回归模型进行单步预测,得到预测误差,并利用假设检验方法从预测误差中检测观测信号中是否含有微弱脉冲信号.然后,对微弱脉冲信号建立单点跳跃模型,并融合局域线性自回归模型,构成双局域线性(DLL)模型,以极小化DLL模型的均方预测误差为目标进行优化,采用向后拟合算法估计模型的参数,并最终恢复出混沌噪声背景下的微弱脉冲信号.仿真实验结果表明本文所建的模型能够有效地检测并恢复出混沌噪声背景中的微弱脉冲信号.     

基于核四极矩共振原理的炸药探测方法研究与实验

介绍了一种基于核四极矩共振（Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance, NQR）原理的炸药探测方法及其基本原理和其用于炸药探测的依据,提出了一种可行的基于核四极矩共振原理的炸药检测系统,描述了其结构组成、工作原理及实验方法,并给出了对黑索金（RDX）、梯恩梯（TNT）、奥克托今（HMX）、太恩（PETN）和特屈儿（TETRYL）炸药的测试实验结果. 实验表明该方法可行,能实现对以上炸药的探测.     

Frequency Sensitivity of Signal Detection in Scale-Free Networks

It has been recently reported that scale-free topology favors the detection of a weak signal because of the higher amplification at the hub node than that at other nodes [Phys. Ref. I？, 78（2008）046111]. We investigate the corresponding synchronization behaviors and find that the favorite detection depends not only on the coupling and noise strengths but also on the frequency of the external signal. We reveal theoretically and numerically that the amplification effect of the hub node will decrease monotonously with the external frequency, which is useful to understand the high sensitivity of animal visual and auditory systems to weak external signals.     

Correlation-based method for improvement of NQR signals utilizing signal shape information

In the correlation method the signal shape information can be utilized for detection of weak signals, hidden in the noise. We tested the advantages, drawbacks and some practical features of the method applied to magnetic resonance detection. The influence of the signal width, shape and similarity to the template on the correlation function was studied by numerical simulation. The findings were applied to the optimization of the template for improved localization of a noisy¹⁴N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) line in NaNO₂ during repetitive scans by a superregenerative spectrometer. The value of the correlation method in faster NQR intensity evaluation was also confirmed.