侧边抛磨光纤中传输光功率变化的实验研究

针对轮式光纤侧边抛磨法制备的侧边抛磨光纤,研究了在侧边抛磨区覆盖不同折射率的材料时,侧边抛磨光纤传输光功率随覆盖材料折射率变化的特性.研究表明,侧边抛磨光纤中传输光功率会随抛磨区覆盖材料折射率的变化而改变.当覆盖材料的折射率小于1.437 8时,光功率损耗近似为零；而当覆盖材料的折射率逐渐增大接近1.452 1时,光功率损耗迅速增大至最大值.当覆盖材料的折射率由1.453 2逐渐增大时,光功率损耗由最大值逐渐减小,最终维持在某个确定的值.侧边抛磨光纤并不是抛磨深度越深,损耗就越大.侧边抛磨光纤中传输的光功率存在波长相关损耗(WDL）.实验结果与理论结论符合较好.     

侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤传输特性理论分析

在建立了侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤D型光纤光学模型的基础上,采用三维有限差分光束传输法计算和分析了侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤的光功率衰减、传输模场等与抛磨区几何参数(剩余半径、轴向旋转角、侧边抛磨区长度)的变化关系。结果表明,当剩余半径大于-1.5μm时,侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤的光功率衰减随着剩余半径的减小而增大;光沿着光纤传输时,基模光传输到抛磨区光功率发生衰减,经过抛磨区后,基模光功率出现回升。沿不同的轴向旋转角方向侧边抛磨,剩余半径大于0.5μm时,侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤的光功率衰减随着剩余半径变化的差别较小;剩余半径足够小时,光沿着光纤传输到抛磨区时,会产生高阶模,沿轴向旋转角θ=30°侧边抛磨时基模模场分布分散程度最大,且在抛磨区产生更多的高阶模。剩余半径大于1.5μm时,抛磨光纤长度变化对输出光功率影响很小,剩余半径小于1.5μm时,输出光功率透射率随着光纤抛磨长度的变化呈振荡变化。分析结果可为侧边抛磨光子晶体光纤的器件制作提供理论指导。     

侧边抛磨光纤波导传输特性的理论分析

在建立侧边抛磨光纤D型光纤边界条件的基础上,用三维有限差分光束传输法计算和分析了侧边抛磨光纤器件的光功率衰减随光纤的侧边抛磨长度、光纤侧边抛磨后剩余包层的厚度、以及填充聚合物材料折射率三个参量变化的特性.结果表明,侧边抛磨光纤器件的光功率衰减随着抛磨长度的增加而增大;当抛磨长度等于9 mm时,光功率衰减随着剩余包层厚度的增大而单调递减.而当抛磨长度大于9 mm时,剩余包层厚度小于3 μm的范围内,光衰减随着剩余包层厚度的增加出现振荡;当聚合物折射率与纤芯折射率相同时,光功率衰减最大.     

侧边抛磨区材料折射率对光纤光栅波长的影响

针对轮式光纤侧边抛磨法,研究了在侧边抛磨光纤光栅抛磨区覆盖不同折射率的材料时,侧边抛磨光纤光栅Bragg波长随外界折射率的改变而变化的特性.理论计算与实验结果都表明,侧边抛磨光纤光栅Bragg波长会随抛磨区覆盖材料折射率的增大向长波长方向偏移；侧边抛磨面离光栅区纤芯表面越近,覆盖材料折射率对波长偏移的影响越大.实验指出,当侧边抛磨区覆盖材料的折射率从1.389 7变到1.447 9时,Bragg波长将会发生1.402 nm的偏移.用轮式光纤侧边抛磨法制备的侧边抛磨光纤光栅可应用于光纤光栅的波长调谐或传感器.     

基于45°倾斜光纤光栅的线偏振输出掺镱光纤激光器

对工作于1 064nm波段的45°倾斜光纤光栅的偏振依赖损耗特性与工作机理进行了分析.利用紫外曝光法,将周期为1 070nm的常规相位模板旋转33°后,在光敏光纤上写制了45°倾斜光纤光栅,写制的光栅栅区长度为12mm,在1 040~1 085nm范围内偏振依赖损耗值为7dB左右.影响其偏振依赖损耗值的主要原因为相位模板的周期不是最佳值和栅区长度不够.利用写制的45°倾斜光纤光栅作为起偏器件,实现了线偏振输出的掺镱光纤激光器,其激光消光比高于30dB,输出波长为1 065.4nm,3dB线宽为0.08nm,最高输出功率8.7mW,可长时间保持高偏振度稳定工作.     

基于侧边抛磨光纤的表面布拉格光栅温度传感器

为了实现在侧边抛磨光纤（SPF）上制作布拉格光栅结构并提高器件设计灵活性,利用重铬酸盐明胶（DCG）作为光刻材料,提出一种新型的光纤表面布拉格光栅制作方法并对该器件温度传感特性进行研究。使用轮式抛磨系统制作SPF,并在SPF侧抛面上旋涂DCG,通过干涉光束曝光显影制作表面布拉格光栅。光谱测量表明:带有布拉格光栅的侧边抛磨光纤在1 480.2 nm处有透射谷,在相应位置反射谱有明显反射峰,其调制幅度达到15.9 dB,这是由于表面光栅的布拉格反射所致。温度传感实验表明,该布拉格反射峰的温度灵敏度为17.84 pm/℃。这种器件已在光纤传感和光纤滤波器等方面获得应用。     

单模光纤1250～1650 nm超平坦宽带耦合器

随着光纤技术的飞速发展和应用．光纤无源器件顺应当前形势也获得很大的发展空间,其中光纤熔锥器件具有制作简单、性能可靠、价格便宜及技术指标优越等优点,从而广受青睐。在熔锥器件中,光纤耦合器是广为应用的基础元器件。目前为实现全光通信。光纤超平坦宽带耦合器则成为热点课题。利用特殊相位补偿工艺方法,研制出单模光纤超平坦宽带耦合器。其工作波长范围为1250～1650nm,3dB带内最大插损偏差小于等于0．4dB,带内最大附加损耗小于等于0．1dB,方向性(输入侧非注人光的一端的输出光功率与注入光功率的比值)大于等于66．5dB,偏振相关性小于等于0．1dB。研制方法有很高的成品率,可批量生产。     

基于光纤侧边抛磨技术的醋酸浓度光纤传感器

演示了两种利用光纤侧边抛磨技术制备的用于醋酸浓度检测的光纤传感器.其中一种光纤传感器采用轮式抛磨法对光纤光栅的光栅区包层进行侧边抛磨加工而成,将醋酸溶液覆盖于光纤光栅的抛磨区,利用侧边抛磨光纤光栅反射峰波长的变化对醋酸浓度进行测量;另一种光纤传感器采用轮式抛磨法对普通单模光纤包层进行侧边抛磨加工而成,将醋酸溶液覆盖于光纤抛磨区,利用抛磨光纤插入损耗的变化对醋酸浓度进行测量.两种光纤传感器的实验都表明:光纤包层抛磨表面与纤芯的距离越小,测量分辨率越高.剩余包层厚度为 0 μm 的侧边抛磨光纤光栅传感器测量醋酸溶液浓度分辨率为6.67%;剩余包层厚度为O.5μm 的侧边抛磨光纤传感器测量醋酸溶液浓度分辨率为0.55%.     

掺镱全光纤激光器研究

依据速率方程和边界条件,对高功率多点抽运全光纤激光器进行了研究.通过自制的级联侧面泵浦耦合器搭建全光纤激光器,级联耦合器的单点泵浦效率为96%,泵浦传输损耗为10%,信号光损耗分别是0.18dB和0.87dB;线性谐振腔结构中:前向抽运的光-光转换效率为69%,低于后向抽运中70%的光-光转换效率,与理论分析一致;双向泵浦方式中,在单臂输入975nm泵浦功率为110 W的条件下,激光功率输出为311 W,中心波长为1 080nm,光谱宽度为1.6nm,光-光转换效率为70%,光束质量约为1.3.激光器性能稳定,若增加单臂泵浦功率或级联泵浦耦合器个数,可获得更高功率的激光输出.     

基于侧边抛磨光纤传感器的混合液晶薄膜光折变特性研究

利用侧边抛磨光纤(SPF)传感器抛磨区对外界折射率敏感的特性,研究了混合有偶氮苯(AZO)和手征材料(ZLI811)的液晶混合物薄膜在紫外光照射下产生的光折变效应.将液晶、AZO 和 ZLI811 等 3 种材料的混合物涂覆在经过标定的 SPF 传感器的抛磨区上,制备成混合物薄膜.用 UV 光照射光敏薄膜导致 SPF 中传输光功率改变.实验表明:混合物薄膜在 UV 光照射下有光敏特性,会产生折射率变化,其折射率从1.474 变到1.470.这表明此光敏薄膜材料是负光折变材料.这种光敏薄膜材料可应用于制作新型全光纤光控器件和传感器.     

Experimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber couplerExperimental demonstration of single-mode fiber coupling using adaptive fiber coupler

Coupling plane wave into a single-mode fiber （SMF） with high and steady coupling efficiency is crucial for fiber- based free-space laser systems, where random angular jitters are the main influencing factors of fiber coupling. In this paper, we verified a new adaptive-optic device named adaptive fiber coupler （AFC） which could compensate angular jitters and improve the SMF coupling efficiency in some degree. Experiments of SMF coupling under the angular jitter situation using AFC have been achieved. Stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is employed as the control strategy, of which the iteration rate is 625 Hz. In closed loop, the coupling efficiency keeps above 65% when angular errors are below 80/3tad. The compensation bandwidth is 35 Hz at sine-jitter of 15 ~rad amplitude with average coupling efficiency of above 60%. Also, experiments with simulated turbulence have been studied. The average coupling efficiency increases from 31.97% in open loop to 61.33% in closed loop, and mean square error （MSE） of coupling efficiency drops from 7.43% to 1.75%.     

Switchable triple-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using a single fiber Bragg grating in polarization-maintaining fiber

A stable and narrow wavelength spacing multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The laser can produce simultaneous dual- and triple-wavelength lasing oscillations with a narrow wavelength spacing of less than 0.1 nm via using a single fiber Bragg gratings written in polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. By adjusting polarization controller, the wavelength spacing of dual-wavelength lasing oscillations can be tuned to as small as 0.032 nm. The maximum amplitude variation for every lasing wavelength is less than 0.5 dB. The room-temperature operation principle is based on the polarization hole burning and deeply saturated effect in an ordinary erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL). The laser has the advantages of simple all-fiber configuration, low cost, high stability and operating at room temperature.     

Three-level neodymium fiber laser incorporating photonic bandgap fiber

We report a neodymium fiber laser incorporating an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber to suppress the four-level laser transition 4F(3/2)-4I(11/2). We demonstrate lasing at 907 nm on the three-level transition 4F(3/2)-4I(9/2) when pumping at 808 nm. The maximum slope efficiency obtained was 32% with a threshold pump power of 70 mW.     

Coupling characteristics between single-core fiber and multicore fiber

A simple method for coupling between a single-core single-mode fiber and a multicore single-mode fiber is proposed and demonstrated. An effective coupling approach is based on a process of standard splicing and tapering between the single-core single-mode fiber and the multicore single-mode fiber.     

Dispersion compensating fiber used as a transmission fiber: inverse/reverse dispersion fiber

This paper gives an overview of IDF/RDF fiber design and development for submarine system. It starts with the concept of dispersion management line and its difference from the conventional DCF used in a module. Then it reviews the fiber design details and optical properties of various types of fibers used as parts of dispersion management lines. Fiber splicing issues using MFD expanding method and a brief summary of transmission experiments using the dispersion management lines are also included. Finally, we discussed a medial dispersion alternative comprising a positive and negative medial dispersion fiber and future optical properties improvements possibilities.     

Sensitivity-variable fiber optic pressure sensors using microbend fiber gratings

We report on sensitivity control of fiber optic sensors using microbend long-period fiber gratings. By tuning the phase difference between a pair of periodically aligned rod arrays that sandwiches a single-mode fiber, we can change the coupling strength of the core mode with radiating cladding modes, resulting in variable pressure sensitivity of the transmission power through the fiber. This technique enables control of the measurable range of pressure. When the phase difference is shifted from π toward 0, the measurable range is expanded from 1.7 to 3.3 N/cm and higher using a light-emitting diode as an input light source.     

Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using twin-core photonic crystal fiber

Laser Physics - We propose a novel multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating a twin-core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). TC-PCF based...     

Analysis of sampled fiber Bragg gratings in polarization-maintaining fiber

A novel type of sampled fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs） written in polarization-maintaining fiber （PMF） is proposed. The reflection spectrum, time delay, and group velocity dispersion （GVD） of the gratings are analyzed. In addition, the reflection spectrum is optimized by apodization. The scheme of multi-wavelength output based on the gratings is proposed, which could be used as a multi-wavelength polarization filter in the density wavelength division multiplexed （DWDM） system.     

基于高非线性光纤的增益谱平坦拉曼光纤放大器研究

针对光纤通信中密集波分复用系统各信道的在线平坦光放大这一光通信问题,提出利用级联高非线性光纤来设计增益平坦的拉曼光纤放大器。对高非线性光纤(As S光纤)拉曼增益谱前后沿进行线性拟合处理,利用不同波长泵浦抽运同种光纤,实现前放大后增益补偿,并考虑信号光损耗不同,在输出端得到了一个近似固定的功率输出值,并分析了影响拉曼光纤放大器输出特性的因素。模拟结果表明:平均增益为20.45 dB,增益平坦度为0.15 dB。     

Optical fiber curvature sensor based on few mode fiber

An optical fiber curvature sensor based on interference between LP₀₁–LP₀₂ modes of a circularly symmetric few mode fiber (FMF) is presented. The device consists of two single-mode fiber and a 10-cm FMF. The two single-mode fiber is offset-spliced to each end of the FMF. When the optical fiber is kept straight and fixed, the interference pattern appears in the transmitted spectrum. As the fiber device is bent, the visibility of the interference fringes (at 1530 nm) decreases, reaching values close to 0.3. The dynamic range of the device can be tailored by the proper selection of the length of FMF. The relationship between the fringe visibility and the curvature is linear while the curvature is between 11 m⁻¹ and 16 m⁻¹. The result indicates that the compact sensor can be used in the measurement of large curvature, which is also important in structural health monitoring.