环形光纤声发射传感器的相位调制特性研究

提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的环形传感器，用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器的两个臂到达探测器时，干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换，测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.而且对传感系统的位相调制特性进行了仿真，并对实验结果进行了分析，结果表明该系统可用于固体表面传播的超声波频率特征的识别.     

基于M-Z干涉仪原理的光纤超声检测

提出了一种基于M_Z(Mach_Zehnder)干涉仪原理的光纤超声检测技术和U形结构的光纤传感器。讨论了光纤传感器与超声波之间的相互作用关系。对传感器的灵敏度与传感光纤的有效长度、U形结构的个数之间的关系进行了理论分析,实验结果和理论分析结果是一致的。通过比较超声波在三种不同入射方式下探测器的输出电压可知,该结构的光纤传感器在声信号垂直入射时由探测器探测到的信号最强,即传感器有很强的方向性,适合于对声表面波的定向检测。     

光纤超声传感器及应用研究进展

光纤超声传感器通过检测光纤内传输光的强度、波长、相位、偏振态等参数感知超声波的相关信息.相比于传统的电类超声换能器,光纤超声传感器能够实现宽频带超声波信号的高灵敏探测,且其良好的抗干扰能力和复用性,可有效地提高超声波探测的可靠性和效率,在水下国防安全、生物成像、无损探伤、地震物理模型成像等领域具有巨大的应用潜力.目前,按照传感结构,光纤超声传感器可分为光纤强度调制型、光纤干涉型和光纤光栅型,并在不同方面发挥着各自的优势,均受到关注.本文主要综述了这几种传感器的传感机理、实现方法、发展现状,总结了光纤超声传感器的几个应用领域及面临的科学技术挑战,重点讨论了光纤超声传感器作为一种新技术应用于地震物理模型成像.     

斐索光纤干涉仪在超声检测中的应用

针对激光超声中固体表面波的传播特性,研究了一套斐索光纤干涉仪系统并实现了对YAG激发的铝材料表面波的检测.该光纤干涉仪基于共光路干涉原理,消除了其他表面波检测手段的诸多弊端,具有环境要求低、结构简单、易于调节、频响高且为非接触式测量等优点,实验表明该干涉仪适合于激光超声检测.     

热极化保偏光纤构成的全光纤电光强度调制器

利用热极化熊猫保偏光纤器件和保偏光纤耦合器,构成Mach-Zehnder干涉仪结构,实验验证了一种新型的全光纤电光强度调制器.由于该光纤电光强度调制器是用全保偏光纤构成,解决了偏振衰减问题,因此获得了稳定的光强调制响应输出.     

光纤干涉型传感器原理及其相位解调技术

光纤干涉型传感器是由于外界信号作用到干涉仪上，引起干涉信号相位的变化，通过对相位的解调来反应外界信号。介绍了光纤干涉型传感器的结构及其原理，并对各种干涉型传感器的相位调制与解调技术的优缺点进行了分析。     

基于光纤光栅传感的金属薄板超声探测

搭建了光纤光栅检测超声应力波系统,并阐述其工作原理,以动态应变与光纤光栅中心波长漂移量间关系为基础,推导得出输出电压与板中应变成线性关系.采用超声信号发生器发射28kHz的脉冲信号激励超声振子,通过有机玻璃楔形块将激励传递至5052铝合金薄板产生超声应力波,并利用光纤光栅应变传感器对其进行探测.在板上开一98mm长裂缝,测得超声应力波中出现新的波包,通过计算损伤前后新增波包到来的时间差确定裂缝位置,所测结果与实际位置偏差为2.7mm.该实验表明光纤光栅可代替超声探头来实现对低频超声波的探测.     

基于光纤多普勒效应的超声传感方法

通过光纤频移干涉技术测量了超声在光纤中产生的多普勒频移,提出一种光纤超声传感方法.将缠绕在压电陶瓷上的光纤环接入到频移干涉萨格拉克干涉仪中,以压电陶瓷作为超声波信号源,调节声光调制器使得干涉信号偏置在零点,达到系统灵敏度最高,通过干涉信号的频率和幅值测量到了超声引起光纤环中发生的多普勒频移,进而获得了作用在光纤环上的超声波信号.实验结果表明,用该方法测量超声频率的相对误差为0.001%,频响在所测量的20~200kHz范围内具有良好的线性.该方法在管道健康监测、固体内部裂缝监测、大型机械装备结构损伤监测等方面具有应用前景.     

复合材料分层检测用光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪

发展了一种能够有效检测复合材料分层的光纤Mach Zehnder干涉仪。用一只2×2耦合器和一只3×3耦合器构成光纤干涉仪,输出信号经A/D转换后送入计算机,用软件进行信号解调。将此干涉仪的一个臂埋入材料内部或粘贴在复合材料表面,沿光纤逐点下压材料,通过光纤干涉仪测量出传感光纤形变的大小和方向,这样就能够有效的检测出材料内部是否存在分层。     

干涉型光纤传感系统偏振分集接收实验研究

针对干涉型光纤传感器中存在的偏振诱导信号衰落现象,对偏振分集器(PDR)抗衰落原理进行了理论推导与软件仿真。设计并搭建了基于相位产生载波(PGC)调制解调、全光纤偏振分集器接收的光纤迈克耳孙型干涉传感实验系统,系统得出的信号与压电陶瓷光纤相位调制器产生的模拟信号基本相符。通过静态扭动干涉臂光纤改变干涉仪偏振状态,测量了PDR三通道可视度,得出信号稳定性、系统本底噪声与可视度的关系。结果表明,选择可视度大于0.5的偏振分集器通道输出可抑制信号衰落并实现信号稳定输出。     

Long-gauge length embedded fiber optic ultrasonic sensor for large-scale concrete structures

A fiber optic ultrasonic sensor based on Fizeau interferometer has been developed and demonstrated. A helium–neon laser light source with wavelength 0.6328 μm is used in our experiment. A special feature is its Fizeau configuration, which enables one to eliminate much undesirable noise by combining both the reference arm and the sensing arm within the same length of fiber. The dynamic response model of photo-elastic effect of ultrasonic wave and optical fiber is established. The fiber optic ultrasonic sensor experimental results are obtained and compared with the convenient PZT transducer.     

Non-contact detection of laser-generated surface acoustic waves using fiber optic Sagnac interferometer

A high powered Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to excite the surface waves, and an optical fiber sensor was used to detect the out-of-plane displacements due to the propagating waves. This sensor is based on the fiber optic Sagnac interferometer, which has the path-matched configuration and does not require active stabilization. Quadrature phase bias between two interfering laser beams in the Sagnac loop is applied by controlling the birefringence in an optical path using a fiber polarization controller. A stable quadrature phase bias can be confirmed by observing the interferometer output according to the change of phase bias. Additional signal processing is not needed for the detection of ultrasonic waves using the Sagnac interferometer. The performance of the fiber optic Sagnac interferometer was investigated, and laser-generated surface wave signals were detected using this fiber optic sensor. The developed fiber optic sensor configured in this study is very simple and is effective for non-contact detection of ultrasonic waves.     

光纤外差干涉位移传感器性能的提高

利用半导体激光器 (LD)、光隔离器、光纤定向耦合器、自聚焦透镜等组成双路光纤斐索型干涉仪。采用三角波电流调制 ,上、下边沿拍频信号差动鉴相的方法 ,提高了测量灵敏度和位移响应速度 ,增大了测量范围 ;利用辅助干涉仪检测系统的相位漂移 ,并对LD发光波长进行反馈控制 ,提高了系统的稳定性 ,实现了大测量范围、高分辨率、高精度位移测量。     

Simultaneous demodulation technique for a multiplexed fiber Fizeau interferometer and fiber Bragg grating sensor system

We propose a demodulation technique for a multiplexed fiber Fizeau interferometer (FFI) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system using the discrete wavelet transform with signal processing enhancements. This simple and flexible demodulation technique determines the cavity length of FFI and the Bragg wavelength of FBG simultaneously and is especially suited for quasi-static measurements. We demonstrate this demodulation technique by performing some strain measurements, and a strain resolution of 1.0 microepsilon and an accuracy of 2.6 microepsilon are obtained. The maximum cross-talk of the sensor system is 6% of the applied strains.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

干涉型长距离分布式光纤传感系统

提出了并验证了一种新型的以迈克耳辽干涉为基础的调频连续波干涉型长距离分布式光纤伟系统，系统在干涉仪的参考回路巧妙地引入了一个带有移频器的光学回路，使系统连续测量范围增加到４倍，达４８ｍ。     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的光纤非接触式瞬变信号测量技术

基于对Sagnac干涉仪在外界瞬变信号影响下响应特性的理论分析,提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的非接触式测量技术.针对陷波波形的特性,提出了相应的解调技术.实验结果表明,基于Sagnac干涉仪的非接触式测量技术不仅能识别瞬变信号,同时能实现对信号源的良好定位,相对定位准确度达到1.5%.