校验叶轮机械三维数值解的某些解析解

本文给出相对旋转圆柱坐标系中三维不可压位流的某些与叶轮机械内流动相似的解析解、它们的势函数、速度向量和流面方程的数学表达式,并对其中两个分别与离心式和轴流式叶轮机械内流动较相似的解析解进行了讨论,这些解析解可用来验证三维计算程序的可靠性.文中还有验证的示例。     

向心透平级叶轮内三维复杂流动的数值研究

对向心透平叶轮内部复杂流动在级环境下进行了全三维黏性数值模拟,结合拓扑学原理分析了设计工况和非设计工况下其内流动分离及各种涡系发展的演变过程,初步建立了向心透平叶轮内的旋涡模型,阐述了流动损失的形成机理。研究表明:向心透平叶轮内部涡系与轴流式透平存在较大差别,且流动分离及涡系主要集中在吸力面侧;设计工况下向心透平叶轮内的主要旋涡包括马蹄涡、通道涡及泄漏涡,其主要表现为通道涡与泄漏涡相互影响和掺混,是主要损失的形成原因;非设计工况下,主流在叶轮叶片前缘处发生大范围的分离及回流,造成了较大的能量损失,但二次流损失所占比例较小。     

离心叶轮内三维分离流态的拓扑分析

本文主要是用拓扑分析的方法,根据实验给出的流场信息,来确定流场结构的性质和研究这些性质随流动参数变化的规律,从而得到对流场特性的定性认识。这里着重讨论了离心叶轮内表面分离流态,指出叶片吸力面和压力面不同的分离形式,分析了叶片表面奇点分布规律,建立了叶道内三维流动分离模型。     

离心泵内部流态的高速摄影研究方法

离心式流体机械内,特别是离心叶轮内部的流动相当复杂,单靠理论计算来正确预测叶轮内部流态和设计高效率的叶轮是有困难的。七十年代以来,运用三元流动理论和流动分析法求解叶轮内流场分布获得很大进展,但由于粘性对叶轮壁面的影响和叶轮出、入口的边界条件不易确定,计算结果与真实流动模型尚有一定差距。因此用实验方法     

环形压气机叶栅内部分离流结构分析 第一部分:近壁区分离流

1前言随着对叶轮机械研究的深入,叶轮机械内部的真实复杂流动已成为重要的研究课题。认识扩压叶栅内的流动分离和旋涡的发生、发展及相互作用,对于揭示压气机内部流动机制,改善流动结构,提高其喘振裕度,以及发展喘振控制技术都具有重要意义山。尽管人们已进行了许多研究,但尚未完整充分地认识这一复杂现象的物理现象和物理模型。对处在严重流动分离状态下的环形叶栅内部流动的研究就更为少见。本文应用油膜法显示了从约零度到二十几度多个来流攻角下,一大展弦比叶片低稠度环形压气机叶棚的表面流场。进口气流马赫数约为0．1。叶片进…     

离心叶轮内三维湍流流场的实验研究

利用多普勒激光测速仪对闭式后弯离心叶轮内三维湍流流场进行了实验研究。叶轮在带有无叶扩压器的通风机内运行。对整个流道内各流面的测点进行了详细的数据采集和统计．由得到的测量结果,分析了叶轮内回转面、径向面上主流速度的分布及发展趋势,气流角由叶轮进口向出口、由压力侧向吸力侧的变化规律、以及叶轮出口处二次旋涡流动等流动特性。     

非均匀入流对轴流泵装置反向发电叶轮受力的影响机理

为探究非均匀入流对轴流泵装置反向发电时叶轮受力特性和内部流态的变化,对某卧式轴流泵装置反向发电时进行了多工况全流道流动特性数值模拟。结果表明：非对称流动诱发叶轮受力不均,径向受力重心逐渐向正X与正Z方向偏移,X方向径向受力相对不稳定,且恒为正值;在相对旋转叶轮静止的参考系中,沿水流流向的由叶片进水边至出水边,压力脉动表现出先减小后增大,在进水边出现最大的脉动系数幅值。小流量工况靠近叶片出水边的轮毂处压力脉动幅值较大,为轮缘和叶片中部的3.04倍和2.18倍。结合叶轮流场的时空分析发现,叶轮正X方向持续存在的旋涡导致叶轮正X方向流态相对较差,加剧了叶片压力面的低频压力脉动,是诱导叶轮X方向径向受力不稳定且恒为正值的本质原因。     

离心泵蜗壳内旋涡流动的数值研究

采用"冻结转子法"处理叶轮与蜗壳间动静耦合流动的参数传递和相互干扰问题,研究了蜗壳进口周向非均匀来流对其内旋涡的演化发展的影响。分析表明,叶轮与蜗壳的干扰所造成的蜗壳进口周向流动的不均匀性是非常强烈的,整个蜗壳内的流动是以旋涡形式向出口推进的,且随工况的不同表现不同的演化过程,从而导致蜗壳内较大的流动损失。同时也说明只有考虑蜗壳来流的非均匀性影响,才能准确地模拟其内的旋涡运动。     

轴流叶轮内的流动计算

众所周知,叶轮出口流场的特性反映了叶轮内部流动状况,对研究叶轮内部流动机理十分重要。轴流叶轮内的流动,由于粘性的影响,气体在环壁区域呈现为顶端间隙泄漏、环壁边界层、二次流以及壁面失速等复杂的流动现象。对于不同场合用的轴流机械,即使在设计工况下,这些流动现象的表现和干涉程度也不相同,因此适用于任意设计条件下环     

无叶扩压器离心式压气机内旋涡运动的数值研究

本文的目的是用数值计算方法来研究离心式压气机叶轮内的旋涡运动。所用的数值方法是在工程热物理所发展的时间相关有限体积法．在流场计算的基础上,应用速度矢量、微团的面积和体积示踪、旋度和熵增等后处理程序与方法来研究与显示旋涡运动的存在与发展．文中用这些手段研究了离心式叶轮中的各类旋涡并给出了拓扑图,对于二次流动还给出了它的模型．     

基流对热对流涡旋结构影响的实验结果初步分析

用实验室模拟方法研究了径向温度梯度对热对流涡旋的影响,结果表明,径向温度梯度所引起的基流使热对流涡旋的对称性结构被破坏,使涡旋变成非对称结构,并使涡旋向基流下游偏移,其强度随基流的加强而减弱,直至消失.热对流涡旋越强其对称性结构越稳定,基流对它的影响越小 关键词： 转盘实验 基流 热对流涡旋     

Viscous Interaction Between a Vortex Tube and a Rotating Spherical Particle

The transient advection of a cylindrical vortex tube in a viscous incompressible flow field and its interaction with a rotating/spinning spherical particle has been investigated numerically at Reynolds numbers in the range of 20≤ Re≤200 for angular velocities of 0≤Ω≤0.5. The effects of vortex parameters such as size, circulation strength and initial position relative to the particle, on the temporal behavior of the lift and drag forces are studied. Vortex‐sphere interactions bring about major changes in the flow field particularly when coupled with particle rotation. It is observed that the forces acting on the particle are significantly influenced during the time that the vortex core is in the vicinity of the particle. The extent of these local changes are about ±30% in the drag coefficient and about ±200% in the lift coefficient as compared to flow over a rotating solid sphere with no vortex interaction. It is also found that a vortex with core radius between one and two particle diameters creates the strongest temporal variations in the lift and drag coefficients. Furthermore, maximum lift variations occur for the vortex‐particle head on collision, while a vortex with an offset distance of about one diameter from the principal flow axis generates the maximum drag variations.     

On the influence of the Reynolds number on the intensity of vortex sound flowing around a cylindrical profile

Regularities of the emission of vortex sound (eolian tone) during air flow around stationary and rotating cylindrical profiles have been investigated. The influence of the flow Reynolds number on the intensity of vortex sound emission has been estimated from results of measuring the pressure fluctuation distribution on the surface of stationary cylindrical rods flowed around by air, as well as in the wake behind them. It is shown that the emission intensity depends on the location of the point of flow detachment from the profile surface and the track width near the profile. The ranges of the flow Reynolds numbers where the emission intensity increases with different flow velocities have been determined by analyzing the dependence of the profile lift coefficient on the Reynolds number. An independent way of determining the profile lift coefficient by measuring the vortex sound intensity is proposed. The results explain contradictions between the results of some authors, who experimentally observed different dependences of emission intensity on the flow velocity. The influence of the profile diameter on the vortex sound emission intensity has been investigated. The boundary Reynolds number above which the profile diameter does not affect emission has been established for stationary and rotating cylindrical profiles. It is shown that deposition of rough coatings on the rod surface may reduce the vortex sound emission intensity by affecting the point of flow detachment from the surface.     

Introduction to the vortex sheet of superfluid He-A

It is well known that superfluids respond to rotation by forming vortex lines. It has been recently discovered that a different type of state consisting of a vortex sheet, instead of lines, can be created in the A phase of superfluid ³He. This paper presents an introduction to the vortex sheet. We first discuss ⁴He, where a vortex sheet is unstable. The way to realize a stable sheet in ³He-A is called a vortex soliton. It consists of a topologically stable domain wall to which nonsingular vorticity is bound. The vortex soliton has been observed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and its most prominent experimental properties are explained. The macroscopic shape of the sheet and the superfluid flow in a rotating container are discussed.     

Macroscopic far-field observation of the sub-wavelength near-field dipole vortex

The energy flow lines of the radiation emitted by a rotating electric dipole moment have a vortex structure near the source. The spatial extend of this vortex is well below an optical wavelength. This near-field vortex has a macroscopic effect which could be observed in the far field.     

A coaxial vortex ring model for vortex breakdown

A simple-yet plausible-model for B-type vortex breakdown flows is postulated; one that is based on the immersion of a pair of slender coaxial vortex rings in a swirling flow of an ideal fluid rotating around the axis of symmetry of the rings. It is shown that this model exhibits in the advection of passive fluid particles (kinematics) just about all of the characteristics that have been observed in what is now a substantial body of published research on the phenomenon of vortex breakdown. Moreover, it is demonstrated how the very nature of the fluid dynamics in axisymmetric breakdown flows can be predicted and controlled by the choice of the initial ring configurations and their vortex strengths. The dynamic intricacies produced by the two ring + swirl model are illustrated with several numerical experiments.     

Spontaneous formation of a plasma hole in a rotating magnetized plasma: a giant burgers vortex in a compressible fluid

Spontaneous formation of a cylindrical density cavity, or "plasma hole," has been observed in a rotating magnetized plasma. Density of the plasma hole is one-tenth of that of ambient plasma and is bounded by a steep transition layer of the order of several ion Larmor radii. The flow velocity field associated with the plasma hole is experimentally determined, exhibiting a monopole vortical structure. It is found that the vorticity distribution is localized near the center of the hole and is identified as a Burgers vortex. This is the first experimental observation of a Burgers vortex in a plasma.     

Flow mapping of a jet in crossflow with Stereoscopic PIV

Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to make a three-dimensional flow mapping of a jet in crossflow. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and the jet diameter was nominally 2400. A jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio of 3.3 was used. Details of the formation of the counter rotating vortex pair found behind the jet are shown. The vortex pair results in two regions with strong reversed velocities behind the jet trajectory. Regions of high turbulent kinetic energy are identified. The signature of the unsteady shear layer vortices is found in the mean vorticity field.     

Coherent Vortex in Two-Dimensional Turbulence around a Rotating Disc

JETP Letters - We consider the structure of a coherent vortex formed around a solid rotating disc in two-dimensional turbulent flow. We find the average velocity profile of the coherent vortex for...     

纵向涡强度衰减及其干涉的数值分析

本文以空气为介质,在Re=600-2100的范围内对布置有三角翅片的平行通道内的初始段层流状态下涡干涉的流动及换热进行了数值模拟。展示了旋向相反的涡在流道中的产生及发展情况,说明了涡产生器在横向位置变化时对横截面上平均Nu数和涡旋强度(?)的影响,并对单个涡产生器的有效换热区域长度进行了探讨。