双振荡场产生正负电子对的理论研究

在强电磁场下真空产生正负电子对的研究中,多场的组合扮演重要的角色.本文运用计算量子场论方法在全时空数值求解狄拉克方程,研究了两个空间分离的局域化振荡电场击穿真空产生正负电子对的过程.结果表明通过选取合适的场参数,两场的相互作用可以显著增强正负电子对的产生.两场的相互作用使产生正负电子对的动量分布曲线出现了周期性的振荡,并导致了非对称的多光子跃迁过程.通过含时微扰理论分析得出,正负电子对的动量分布的周期性振荡可由电场宽度、电场频率和两场间距共同决定.两场间距能够改变正负电子对动量分布的变化周期,随着两场间距的增大,产生正负电子对的动量(能量)的单一性得到优化;电场宽度不仅影响正负电子对动量分布的峰谷高度差,还会改变其在动量空间峰值的展宽;根据能量守恒定律,电场频率的增大使得产生粒子对的动量随之变大.因此,通过选择合适电场参数可以抑制或加强特定动量分布的正负电子对,这为今后的实验设计提供了重要的理论指导.     

超强场下真空产生正负电子对的动理学方法研究及其进展

随着激光技术的飞速发展,实验室中所能获得的电磁场强度得到了极大的提高,从而使得 强外场下真空衰变产生正反粒子对问题再次成为研究热点。不同形状外场下粒子对产生问题的理 论研究不但可以加深人们对粒子对产生过程的理解,而且有助于指导实验验证真空对产生。本文 主要介绍了包括我们近期的工作在内的超强场下真空产生正负电子对的动理学方法研究及其进 展。用量子动理学方法研究真空对产生问题有很多优点：不但可以得到产生粒子的数密度,而且 能给出产生粒子的相空间信息;此外,还可以处理任意复杂场下的粒子对产生问题,深入研究粒 子对产生的物理机制。量子动理学方法也许是探究真实激光场下真空对产生问题的最佳选择之 一,有望指导实验首次验证纯光直接转化为物质的过程。     

不同频率的组合振荡场下产生正负电子对

吸收组合低频外场提供的多个不同能量的光子发生跃迁可以在真空中激发正负电子对.本文探究了在组合振荡场作用下,不同的外场频率对正负电子对产生的影响,研究结果表明：与单个振荡场类似,当双振荡场的频率和约为2.3m_ec²时,电子对产量达到极值.在双振荡场的频率和固定为2.3m_ec²的情况下,对不同组合频率下正负电子对的产量以及能谱分布进行了研究,发现当两场频率差较小时,电子对产量随时间演化会出现显著的“拍”现象.还发现两个振荡场频率差越小,电子对的单能性越好;场频率差越大时,电子对的产量越高、能谱范围越宽.通过对跃迁概率分布图的比较和分析,发现主要原因是频率差较大时能够发生显著跃迁的多光子跃迁形式数量增加,从而促进正负电子对(尤其是高能端电子对)的产生.     

量子电动力学—粒子模拟极端等离子体动力学研究（英文）

新一代拍瓦激光装置有望将激光强度提升至10~(23)~10~(24)W·cm~(-2),在此极端强场条件下非线性量子电动力学效应对等离子体动力学过程产生重要影响.相对论电子在强电磁场作用下会同步辐射大量伽马光子,当后者穿过超强电磁场时会级联产生正负电子对.与此同时,这些量子电动力学效应也会反作用于激光等离子体相互作用过程,如辐射阻尼严重影响电子运动过程.为了研究这样极端的等离子体动力学,我们介绍最近几年发展的量子电动力学数值模拟模块,并将其耦合到传统的粒子模拟程序中,即量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序.由于大量新辐射的光子和产生的正负电子对会造成模拟粒子数目的不断增加,我们发展了粒子融合技术来减小模拟规模.利用此量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序,我们对极端强场激光物质相互作用以及极端天体物理现象开展了数值模拟研究.     

量子电动力学—粒子模拟极端等离子体动力学研究

新一代拍瓦激光装置有望将激光强度提升至10²³~10²⁴ W·cm^-2,在此极端强场条件下非线性量子电动力学效应对等离子体动力学过程产生重要影响.相对论电子在强电磁场作用下会同步辐射大量伽马光子,当后者穿过超强电磁场时会级联产生正负电子对.与此同时,这些量子电动力学效应也会反作用于激光等离子体相互作用过程,如辐射阻尼严重影响电子运动过程.为了研究这样极端的等离子体动力学,我们介绍最近几年发展的量子电动力学数值模拟模块,并将其耦合到传统的粒子模拟程序中,即量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序.由于大量新辐射的光子和产生的正负电子对会造成模拟粒子数目的不断增加,我们发展了粒子融合技术来减小模拟规模.利用此量子电动力学-粒子模拟程序,我们对极端强场激光物质相互作用以及极端天体物理现象开展了数值模拟研究.     

频率啁啾对强场下真空正负电子对产生的增强效应

在强背景场下真空产生正反粒子对的研究中,频率啁啾对增强粒子对的产生起着关键作用.本文介绍了狄拉克-海森伯-维格纳(Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner)、求解量子弗拉索夫方程(quantum Vlasov equation)和计算量子场论等方法,并详细综述了它们如何应用到空间非均匀场、均匀含时场以及外部势场中正负电子对产生的研究.通过研究各种不同的场得到了不同参数(如场强和基准频率)下产生的粒子动量谱和粒子对产额,发现当频率啁啾形式或/和啁啾强度改变时结果受到显著影响.在低频场下啁啾增强的数密度可提高2—3个数量级,这主要是因为啁啾增加了场的高频成分,从而低频强场和高频弱场相结合的动力学辅助机制起到了很大的作用.一般来说在高频情况下数密度只有几倍的提高,说明动力学辅助作用被大大地抑制了.在有空间变化的场情形下,对于小空间尺度变化的场,无啁啾时本身的数密度不高,但啁啾可以对数密度有数量级的提高;对于大空间尺度变化的场,数密度逐渐趋于空间均匀的结果,啁啾也能对数密度有几倍的提高.通过Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin近似和转变点结构的物理分析和讨论可以对相关的数值结...     

超强场下的正负电子对产生

随着现代强激光技术的迅速发展,激光场强已经进入到了强相对论区域,并正在向产生正负电子对的施温格临界场强逼近。文章着重介绍了超强场下真空失稳产生正负电子对的问题,从历史及其发展的脉络中梳理出有重要价值的研究方法和有趣的研究成果,对目前的研究现状做了综述,并对未来的研究进行展望。     

极强激光场驱动超亮伽马辐射和正负电子对产生的研究进展

高功率超短超强激光脉冲的诞生开启了相对论非线性光学、高强场物理、新型激光聚变、实验室天体物理等前沿领域.近年来,随着数拍瓦级乃至更高峰值功率激光装置的建成,超强激光与等离子体相互作用进入到一个全新的高强场范畴.这种极强激光场与等离子体相互作用蕴含着丰富的物理过程,除了经典的波与粒子作用、相对论效应、有质动力效应等非线性物理过程外,量子电动力学(QED)效应变得格外重要,例如辐射阻尼效应、正负电子对产生、强伽马射线辐射、QED级联、真空极化等.本文主要介绍我们近年来在极端强激光场与等离子体相互作用中激发的QED效应以及伴随的超亮强伽马射线辐射和稠密正负电子对产生等方面的研究进展.     

爆炸电子发射初期阴极表面电场的研究

为了研究二极管爆炸电子发射初始阶段阴极表面复杂的物理现象及规律, 建立了由场致电子发射阴极构成的一维平板真空二极管物理模型,通过自行编程数值求解泊松方程, 考虑了发射出的电子对阴极表面电场的非线性影响,自洽模拟得到了阴极表面电场随时间的变化情况. 模拟结果表明,爆炸电子发射初期,阴极表面电场随时间的增加而呈现出不断振荡的规律, 且振荡幅度越来越小,最终到达一个稳态的值,二极管两极板之间的外加电场越大, 阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大;电场增强系数越大,阴极表面稳态电场的绝对值越大. 在整个时间演变过程中,阴极表面的实际电场强度决定着阴极发射的电流密度大小, 反过来阴极发射的电流密度又会影响到阴极表面的电场.     

外加静电场的聚焦激光脉冲真空加速电子方案

采用五阶修正的聚焦激光光场方程模拟研究了由Singh提出的在电子和激光脉冲作用尾部阶段施加外场的加速方案,将Singh方案中采用的外加磁场改成了外加电场,并且考虑了光束的纵向电场和光束衍射效应.模拟结果显示,电子可以从加速相位阶段被外场导入下一个加速相位阶段而不进入减速相位阶段,因此电子能获得比不加外场方案更高的净能增益. 关键词： 强激光 激光加速     

Analytical Study of Pair Production Rate from Vacuum in an Elliptic Polarized Field by a Two-Level Transition Technique

Electron-positron pair production rate created from vacuum in the presence of an elliptically polarized laser field is investigated.By applying the technique of two level transition amplitude,a routine for obtaining pair production rate is presented,and approximate analytical expressions are given both for the low frequency strong field regime and the high frequency weak field regime.We found that for an elliptically polarized field,the electron-positron pair production rate decrease when the elliptic eccentricity increase in the high frequency weak field regime,however,in the low frequency strong field regime,there is almost the same electron-positron pair production rate as in the constant electric field case.     

Dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism

We study electron-positron pair creation from the Dirac vacuum induced by a strong and slowly varying electric field (Schwinger effect) which is superimposed by a weak and rapidly changing electromagnetic field (dynamical pair creation). In the subcritical regime where both mechanisms separately are strongly suppressed, their combined impact yields a pair creation rate which is dramatically enhanced. Intuitively speaking, the strong electric field lowers the threshold for dynamical particle creation--or, alternatively, the fast electromagnetic field generates additional seeds for the Schwinger mechanism. These findings could be relevant for planned ultrahigh intensity lasers.     

Frequency Shift and Sub-band Effect in Pair-Production Process Under Adiabatic Closing the External Field

Oscillating electric field is chosen to investigate the electron-positron pair production process by using a quantum kinetic theory and the effective mass model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 050402 (2014)]. The particle yield exhibits a characteristic oscillatory structure which is related to the multi-photon thresholds. The true peak positions are typically slightly above the naive threshold estimate, which is defined as frequency shift. During the numerical calculations, we find the frequency shift can be affected by the system parameters under adiabatic closing the external field, it is worthwhile to study in detail. In this paper, we investigate the frequency shift and the sub-band effect in electron-positron pair production with oscillating electric field. First, a quantum kinetic theory and the effective mass are presented to obtain the frequency shift, the results are fitted very well. And we find the frequency shift and the sub-band effect can be influenced by pulse duration, photon number, and strength of the external field. The frequency shift becomes evident as increases of photon number and the external field strength. The sub-band width is relatively lower at longer pulse duration, higher photon number region, and weaker external field. The results shown in the paper are helpful for understanding multi-photon pair production process in the strong field.     

Entanglement generation by electric field background

The quantum vacuum is unstable under the influence of an external electric field and decays into pairs of charged particles, a process which is known as the Schwinger pair production. We propose and demonstrate that this electric field can generate entanglement. Using the Schwinger pair production for constant and pulsed electric fields, we study entanglement for scalar particles with zero spins and Dirac fermions. One can observe the variation of the entanglement produced for bosonic and fermionic modes with respect to different parameters.     

Absorption of gamma-ray photons in a vacuum neutron star magnetosphere: I. Electron-positron pair production

The production of electron-positron pairs in a vacuum neutron star magnetosphere is investigated for both low (compared to the Schwinger one) and high magnetic fields. The case of a strong longitudinal electric field where the produced electrons and positrons acquire a stationary Lorentz factor in a short time is considered. The source of electron-positron pairs has been calculated with allowance made for the pair production by curvature and synchrotron photons. Synchrotron photons are shown to make a major contribution to the total pair production rate in a weak magnetic field. At the same time, the contribution from bremsstrahlung photons may be neglected. The existence of a time delay due to the finiteness of the electron and positron acceleration time leads to a great reduction in the electron-positron plasma generation rate compared to the case of a zero time delay. The effective local source of electron-positron pairs has been constructed. It can be used in the hydrodynamic equations that describe the development of a cascade after the absorption of a photon from the cosmic gamma-ray background in a neutron star magnetosphere.     

Electron-Positron Pair Production in a Strong Laser Field Enhanced by an Assisted High Frequency Weak Field

Electron-positron pair production in a strong laser field enhanced by an assisted high frequency weak field is investigated by solving the quantum Vlasov equation.The average and residual pair number densities are obtained for sinusoid electric field and it is found that the high frequency assisted weak field will enhance pair production significantly.There exists an optimal frequency of assisted field that makes the pair production number density get a maximum one,which is a few orders of higher than that without assisted field.We also discuss the other possible assisted fields.     

Electron-positron pair creation in the electric fields generated by micro-bubble implosions

We show that electron-positron pair production from the vacuum is possible via the strong Coulomb fields generated by micro-bubble implosions induced by ultra-high intensity lasers. Even in the case where the Coulomb fields are lower than the pair creation threshold, externally injected high energy electrons or photons could be used to generate pairs.     

Enhanced electron–positron pair production by frequency chirping in one-and two-color laser pulse fields

Enhanced electron–positron pair production by frequency chirping in one- and two-color laser pulse fields is investigated by solving the quantum Vlasov equation. A small frequency chirp shifts the momentum spectrum along the momentum axis. The positive and negative frequency chirp parameters play the same role in increasing the pair number density. The sign change of the frequency chirp parameter at the moment t = 0 leads the pulse shape and momentum spectrum to be symmetric, and the number density to be increased. The number density of produced pairs in the two-color pulse field is much higher than that in the one-color pulse field and the larger frequency chirp pulse field dominates more strongly. In the two-color pulse fields, the relation between the frequency ratio of two colors and the number density is not sensitive to the parameters of small frequency chirp added in either a low frequency strong field or a high frequency weak field but sensitive to the parameters of large frequency chirp added in a high frequency weak field.