位相光栅的衍射级次

用矢量衍射理认讨论了位相光栅衍射级次的有限性及其与入射角的关系，得出的吉论与用光程方法得出的结果一致，作出了在不同入射角条件下各衍射级次的分布图，给出了求解各级衍射波方向的公式。     

亚微米光栅零级衍射特性的数值研究

用耦合波理论分析了亚微米光栅对光波场的衍射作用,给出了在TE和TM偏振入射条件下矩阵形式的耦合波方程,研究了光栅在TE偏振入射条件下可见光波段内的反射和透射零级衍射特性。亚微米光栅零级衍射效率是波长、偏振和入射角的函数,在不同照明、观察和光栅参数条件下,光栅零级衍射具有非常复杂的光谱结构,经过适当的优化光栅参数,零级衍射具有许多独特的衍射特性,在许多应用领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

亚波长光栅的偏振闪耀特性

 使用琼斯矩阵的方法推导了连续结构亚波长光栅的衍射方程,给出了光栅衍射效率表达式,对偏振特性与衍射特性进行了研究。发现连续结构亚波长光栅仅存在３个衍射级,总衍射效率为100%,且衍射效率可在衍射级间任意分配,0级的偏振态与入射光的偏振态相同,±1级衍射光偏振态与入射光无关,－1级为左旋圆偏振光,＋1级为右旋圆偏振光。通过设置入射光偏振态与光栅相位延迟等参数,可使光栅具有闪耀特性,据此可用于设计高效偏振光分束器和偏振光开关。     

超表面上表面等离激元波的光栅衍射行为研究

本文利用严格数值仿真研究了550~700 nm波段的可见光通过金属光栅耦合方式激发的表面等离激元(SPP)波在金属表面的光栅衍射行为与现象。研究结果表明:SPP波在金属表面的衍射行为与自由空间光相比有极大不同,由于SPP波的近场属性,经金属光栅衍射后在近场可表现出明显的光栅分光现象,但经过一段传输距离后则分光现象消失而表现为不同级次的光合为同一束光;在近场衍射情况下,其情况与自由空间光衍射行为类似,对SPP亚波长金属光栅来说同样只有零级透射光;而当金属光栅周期大于SPP波长时,高级衍射级次则开始出现。研究结果对下一步在金属表面上实现微米级片光谱仪器具有重要借鉴意义。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DIFFRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF WAVELENGTH-SIZED SINGLE GROOVE IN Si-Si3N4 SUBSTRATE

Experimental results are presented for the diffractive properties of wavelength-sized single groove in Si-Si₃N₄ substrate. The experimental results show that the diffraction of wavelength-sized single grooves in a non-perfectly conducting material is more complex than that of perfectly conducting material. The diffraction intensities change with the change of polarization angle of the incident light. The diffraction intensities for TM polarization light are larger as the groove width is larger. The diffraction intensities of TM polarization light decrease gradually and that of TE polarization light increase gradually when the groove width is close to the wavelength of the incident light. The variations of diffraction intensities are quite different not only for various grooves with different widths but also for different diffraction angles for the same groove. Although the intensity variation of each diffraction order has a very regular sinusoidal dependence on the polarization angles of the incident light, the variation phase of each diffraction order is not all the same.     

声光效应实验研究

介绍声光效应的最新理论进展。采用光栅假设，对各向同性介质中的声光效应作了简要讨论，导出了第m级衍射光的衍射效率公式。研究和介绍一种新的声光效应实验装置。在实验中，应用线阵CCD光强分布测量仪等，通过改变超声波的频率和功率，分别实现了对激光束方向的控制和强度的调制；定量给出了声光偏转量的关系曲线和声光调制测量的关系曲线。实验表明，在布喇格衍射下，通过固定超声波功率，测量衍射光相对于零级衍射光的相对光强与超声波频率的关系曲线，不仅可以计算声速，还可以确定声光器件的带宽和中心频率。     

衍射轴棱锥产生光学点阵的理论和实验

提出一种利用衍射轴棱锥产生三维光格的方法.由广义的惠更斯一菲涅耳衍射积分理论出发.分析准直单色平面光波大角度斜入射轴棱锥形成的光学点阵的特性.数值模拟光束在不同入射角入射轴棱锥情况下,随轴向距离变化的纵向光强分布以及同一轴向距离处的横向光强分布光斑图.结果指出,随着入射轴棱锥角度的增大,在最大无衍射距离内会形成有规则的光学点阵,这种光学点阵与三维光子晶体的结构相近,实验结果与数值模拟相吻合.     

线偏光闪耀反射光栅衍射特性研究

通过数值方法对线偏光在Littrow装置中的理想导体闪耀光栅的偏振特性进行研究.用时域有限差分程序计算出任意偏振方向线偏光经过闪耀光栅衍射后的电磁场分布,提取衍射波的S偏振和P偏振分量,讨论了与光栅闪耀角和入射光波偏振角的关系.分析了在1530～1570nm光谱范围内,入射光波为线偏振波和园偏振波时,衍射光波的偏振色散特性与光栅闪耀角的关系,并给出了存在偏振色散的光栅闪耀角范围.这些分析和结果对工程设计具有一定的指导意义.     

Distribution of the amplitude of the magnetic potential of diffractive beams generated in a ferrite slab by a surface spin wave incident on a slit in an opaque screen

The total magnetic potential generated in the far field of a ferrite slab as a result of a plane noncollinear surface spin wave incident on a slit in an opaque screen is investigated. The dependence of the potential amplitude from the polar angle in the plane of a ferrite slab is calculated for different orientations of the screen with relative to an external magnetic field magnetizing the slab. It is found that two diffractive beams are generated in the slab as a result of spin diffraction on the slit. The angular width of each beam depends largely on the slit’s orientation and can be greater or smaller than value λ _n /D (where D is the slit’s width and λ _n is the length of the spin wave corresponding to each beam).     

Nanostructured gradient-index antireflection diffractive optics

We describe the fabrication and characterization of a nanostructured diffractive element with near-zero reflection losses. In this element, subwavelength nanostructures emulating adiabatic index matching are integrated on the surface of a diffractive microstructure to suppress reflected diffraction orders. The fabricated silicon grating exhibits reflected efficiencies that are suppressed by 2 orders of magnitude over broad wavelength bands and wide incident angles. Theoretical models of the fabricated structure based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis and effective medium theory are in agreement with the experimental data. The proposed principles can be applied to improve the performance of any diffractive structures, potentially leading to more efficient Fresnel lenses, holographic elements, and integrated optical systems.     

Diffractive Focusing of a Gaussian Beam

The problem of diffraction of a spherical wave with Gaussian amplitude distribution on two infinitesimally thin and ideally reflecting screens with apertures on an optical axis is solved within the framework of the quasi-optical approximation. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that when a Gaussian beam illuminates such a type of bicomponent diffraction system with small Fresnel numbers in a near zone of the second screen, the effect of diffractive multifocal focusing of radiation is observed. In this case, the diffraction picture from the second screen in the focal planes represents the circular nonlocal bands of the Fresnel zones with a bright narrow peak at the center, whose intensity can exceed by six times the value of the incident wave intensity. The energy efficiency of diffractive focusing of Gaussian beams by the bicomponent diffraction system can be as high as 70%. The diffractive method proposed allows the focusing of wide-aperture beams without using classical refraction elements such as lenses and prisms, and it is applicable to both low-intensity and high-power radiation.     

Polarizing diffraction-grating triplicators

We report experimental results with a reflective continuous anisotropic polarizing diffraction-grating beam splitter that produces three diffraction orders. The diffraction efficiencies and polarizations of the diffracted orders are controlled through the incoming polarization state and by use of a wave plate with arbitrary orientation located between the grating and a mirror. In particular, we show experimental evidence of a diffraction triplicator-a 100% efficiency diffractive device that generates three orders with equal power.     

Diffractive Multifocal Focusing of Gaussian Beams

The problem of diffraction of a spherical wave with Gaussian amplitude distribution on two infinitesimally thin and ideally reflecting screens with apertures on an optical axis is solved within the quasi-optical approximation. It is shown that when a Gaussian beam illuminates a bicomponent diffraction system with small Fresnel numbers in a near zone of the second screen, the effect of diffractive multifocal focusing of radiation is observed. In this case, the diffraction picture from the second screen in the focal planes represents the circular nonlocal bands of the Fresnel zones with a bright narrow peak at the center, whose intensity can exceed by six times the value of the incident wave intensity. The energy efficiency of diffractive focusing of Gaussian beams by the bicomponent diffraction system can be as high as 70%. The proposed diffractive method allows the focusing of the wide-aperture beams without using classical refraction elements such as lenses and prisms, and it is applicable to both low-intensive and high-power radiation.     

Diffractive Multifocal Focusing of Gaussian Beams

The problem of diffraction of a spherical wave with Gaussian amplitude distribution on two infinitesimally thin and ideally reflecting screens with apertures on an optical axis is solved within the quasi-optical approximation. It is shown that when a Gaussian beam illuminates a bicomponent diffraction system with small Fresnel numbers in a near zone of the second screen, the effect of diffractive multifocal focusing of radiation is observed. In this case, the diffraction picture from the second screen in the focal planes represents the circular nonlocal bands of the Fresnel zones with a bright narrow peak at the center, whose intensity can exceed by six times the value of the incident wave intensity. The energy efficiency of diffractive focusing of Gaussian beams by the bicomponent diffraction system can be as high as 70%. The proposed diffractive method allows the focusing of the wide-aperture beams without using classical refraction elements such as lenses and prisms, and it is applicable to both low-intensive and high-power radiation.     

部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的偏振特性和角相关研究

为了研究部分偏振部分相干光光栅衍射场的衍射特性.利用部分偏振部分相干光的光束相干-偏振(BCP)矩阵,推导出了部分偏振部分相干光通过任意偏振光栅后,衍射场的偏振度及场中衍射级次角相关的一般解析表达式.以部分偏振的高斯-谢尔模型光束(PGSM)为例,数值分析了偏振光栅TE和TM波的复振幅透过率、入射光束的光学参量对衍射场偏振度和场中各衍射级次的角相关的影响.计算结果表明,部分相干光透过偏振光栅后的其衍射光场是一非均匀、周期变化的部分偏振相干光场;场中对称级次的角相干值对应相等,且随衍射级次序数的增大而缓慢递减至零.     

A detailed study of metallic surface-relief grating

This paper presents a more detailed interaction of an electromagnetics light with a metallic surface-relief subwavelength grating utilizing the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The focus of this work is the accurate modeling of undetermined aspects of diffraction patterns produced by binary metallic grating structures, specially gold grating. First-order diffraction efficiency for rectangular-groove gold grating with equal groove and ridge widths are presented for various wavelengths as a function of period, groove depth, polarization and angle of incidence. We also studied diffraction efficiency of both of TE and TM polarization modes against increasing of incident angle as well as TE polarization against increment of grating period. As a result, very low reflectivity at zero-order was found out for TE and TM polarizations at the pitch of Λ = 2λ. Having been studied diffraction efficiency of metallic surface-relief gratings, we also examined polarization-dependent efficiency of diffraction orders, for different groove depths. Simulation results have been completely presented.     

相位光栅型波前曲率传感器

研制了一套相位光栅型波前曲率传感器。实验结果表明,相位型散焦光栅能消除零级衍射光的干扰,正负一级衍射光的衍射效率达到49%。用相差板引进波前畸变,进行了波前测量实验。用格林函数算法进行了波前恢复,并和Veeco检测结果进行了比较。制备的光栅型波前曲率传感器测量结果正确,峰谷值存在10%的误差,均方根值存在2%的误差。     

基于格林函数法研究金属线栅在太赫兹波段的散射特性

本文运用格林函数法分析金属线栅在太赫兹(THz)波段的散射特性, 研究金属线栅的衍射效应对其传输特性的影响. 研究结果表明, 在零级衍射区入射电磁波的透过振幅随a/λ的增大单调增加, 在零级衍射极限处透过振幅达到最大值. 过渡区的临界频率处, 由于衍射效应的加强, 出现入射电磁波透过曲线的振荡. 衍射区受到衍射效应的影响入射电磁波透射振幅曲线总体下降, 并随a/λ的增大单调减少. 与微波传输线方法相比, 该方法摆脱了入射电磁波的波长需大于线栅常数且要求线栅的厚度远远小于金属线的宽度的限制, 能准确的分析系统的电磁场的分布特性, 更具普适性. 关键词： 金属线栅 太赫兹波 散射 格林函数法     

Metal-mirror-based grating for high-efficiency element in dense wavelength division multiplexing

It is desirable to obtain high efficiency with polarization-independence and wideband properties for incident wavelength. A metal-mirror-based grating is presented to diffract the incident wave into reflection orders with high efficiency for TE and TM polarization. The modal method and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) are used together to optimize a metal-mirror-based grating effectively. From the analysis of the modal method, it is feasible to realize such a grating with the prescribed grating duty cycle and period. Accurate parameters of the grating depth and thickness of the connecting layer are optimized using RCWA. Compared with the reported binary simple grating, high efficiency can be improved greatly for the incident wavelength of 1550 nm in dense wavelength division multiplexing. The diffraction investigation indicates that a wideband property for incident wavelength can be obtained for such a novel metal-mirror-based grating.     

轴锥镜光强分布的角谱衍射数值分析法

针对理论上推导轴锥镜的衍射光场分布解析式较为困难,且用菲涅耳衍射理论分析时存在近轴近似及不能适用于近场衍射光场分析的问题,采用了严格遵从标量衍射亥姆霍兹方程的角谱衍射波前重建方法,对轴锥镜在单色和准单色高斯光波照射下的横向和轴向衍射光强分布特性,以及在单色均匀平面光波照射下的轴向衍射光强分布进行了数值计算和分析。结果表明,轴锥镜后单色光衍射光强分布在几何光束重叠的菱形区域内为近似无衍射贝塞尔光强分布,轴上光强沿光轴方向呈振荡变化,轴上光强分布规律与入射光波的垂轴横向光强分布有关;入射光的准单色性使得贝塞尔衍射条纹对比度略下降、轴上光强沿光轴方向振荡程度减小,但分布规律与单色光一致。