纳米流体对流换热系数增大机理

纳米流体流动换热能力优于传统流体介质.研究了纳米流体热物性的提升和热散射对其对流换热系数的影响.结果表明,纳米颗粒的加入,优化了介质的热物性,增大了导热系数,强化了纳米流体内颗粒、流体以及流道管壁碰撞和相互作用,同时加强了流体的混合脉动和湍流,从而增大了对流换热系数. 关键词： 纳米流体 换热系数 热散射     

斜抽运无机液体激光器的流场热分布

激光二极管斜抽运的多增益段串接的液体激光器能够明显地提高激光光束质量、获得较高的输出功率.针对斜抽运子增益段工作时所涉及的流动、传热和壁面耦合,建立了计算子增益段流场热分布的流-热-固耦合模型,应用有限单元法完成了其瞬态流场热分布的数值模拟.该方法排除了不精确的换热系数对计算结果的影响,使得换热系数不再是计算的先决条件,而只是计算结果之一,并且为评价流道形状、流速、吸收系数等因素对流场热的影响,以及进一步改进和控制液体激光介质的流场热分布,提供了可靠的分析方法.数值模拟研究表明:换热系数是空间位置的函数,     

纵流壳程换热器壳程近壁区流场和温度场数值研究

对新型纵流壳程换热器壳程近壁局部区域的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟研究,总结了换热器横截面内各换热管壁面对流传热系数与换热管距壳体轴心距离的关系,分析了近壁区域非规则流道内流体对流传热系数较壳体中心主流区内规则流道大的原因,为换热器壳程内关键局部区域流体流动和传热状况的改善以及进一步的结构优化提供了直观依据.提出的纵流壳程换热器周期性全截面计算模型,为发现和解决换热器中与局部位置流体流动和传热细节相关的深层次问题提供了良好的辅助手段.     

并联换热系统中冷媒分配的优化分析

为减小并联换热系统的质量,本文在一定的简化和假设之上,建立了其流动与传热的物理和数学模型;并以系统总换热面积最小为优化目标,通过对分配系数的变量转换,提出了一种可准确求解最佳分配系数的方法,并对计算结果进行了讨论,发现分配系数的结果与势容耗散最大基本一致.根据计算结果.本文给出了支路较少时分配系数与换热支路效能之间的近似关联式.     

竖直窄环隙通道内的强迫对流换热

本文在常压下,以水为工质,对三种尺寸的竖直窄环隙流道进行了单相强迫对流换热实验研究。结果表明,窄隙流道内的换热在低雷诺数区表现出与普通流道不同的多变特性,而在高雷诺数区与普通流道相近。温差对换热的影响具有两重性。窄隙流道使紊流换热区域扩大,当流道间隙足够小时,换热没有明显的过渡区和层流区,均表现为紊流换热的特征。本文提供的经验公式可以在较宽的参数范围内关联实验数据。     

垂直矩形窄缝流道内的过冷流动沸腾换热

本文研究了有压模化介质在垂直矩形窄缝流道内的过冷流动沸腾换热，考察了质量流速、断面平均过冷度和饱和压力对沸腾换热系数的影响，与Ｇｕｎｇｏｒ关系式进行比较，流道的换热强化因于在１３～２１之间．     

光管及窄环隙流道池沸腾换热实验研究

本文在常压下以水为工质,对管外及窄环隙流道池沸腾换热进行了可视化实验,结果表明：汽泡扰动并不是沸腾换热系数高的主要原因,液体过冷使核沸腾的换热能力降低,窄隙流道内的沸腾换热机理与普通的大容积沸腾没有明显区别。文中还根据观察和测量到的结果对一些换热现象重新进行了解释。     

叉流式新风换热器数值模拟

换热器是新风系统的核心部件,以某品牌新风换热器为模型,对该换热器进行数值模型,分析换热过程中换热和流动特性,以及流速、流道高度对换热性能的影响。建立不同流道高度时新风侧温差、压差、努塞尔数、阻力系数、综合传热性能因子随速度的变化关系。发现在换热器内存在"换热死区",随速度增加"换热死区"范围增大,在流速0.5m/s～1.6m/s、流道高度3mm～5mm范围内,增加流速可提高换热能力、减小阻力系数,但压降同样增加;相同速度时,提高流道高度不仅提高了换热性能,还减小了压降。     

R410A在水平内螺纹管中沸腾换热实验研究

对于非共沸混合制冷剂R410A在外径9.52mm、5mm的两种不同的几何参数的内螺纹的流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究,分析讨论了制冷剂质量流速、管外水流量变化、强化管的参数、强化管的压降对换热系数影响以及其机理。试验的结果表明:换热系数随着流量的增大而增大,管径的大小对换热系数的影响较大,在相同的流量下,9.52mm的换热系数比5mm的大到110%~230%,5mm管的压降比9.52mm的大200%~300%。     

热声回热器流动、传热新模型及其性能的实验表征

提出了可压缩流体交变流动下回热器的新模型,利用所得的热声热粘函数fk、fì的一般简化式,获得影响回热器特性的普遍关联式.根据回热器内流场与温度场分布相似的假设条件,通过简单的双传感器测量方法,得到回热器内的小Reù下的流动阻力对流换热系数.     

热声系统中回热器特征阻抗与传播常数的研究

针对本实验室一台声驱动热声系统,采用传递函数法研究声驱动系统中回热器的特征阻抗和传播常数.通过调节谐振管长度,改变回热器表面的阻抗,从理论上分析了回热器网络传输方程中的声传播常数、特征阻抗与系统网络元件中的阻抗、导纳和流的关系.并且进一步讨论有无换热器以及不同的加热功率对回热器网络参数的影响.结论有利于进一步量化回热器的网络参数.     

高温空气在蜂窝陶瓷体内蓄热特性研究

采用数值模拟方法对不同孔隙率和孔壁厚的蜂窝陶瓷体的蓄热特性进行研究。对高温空气在不同结构的蜂窝陶瓷体内流动过程中的压降、温度及蜂窝陶瓷体的蓄热特性进行了分析。研究结果表明：流体在蜂窝陶瓷内流动时,处于层流阶段的压降仅为湍流情况下的1／10。蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体的蓄热时间与蓄热体的孔壁厚成正比。蓄热体孔壁厚h=2mm时,出口空...     

行波热声发动机的优化设计

对行波热声发动机进行了优化设计 ;对回热器内部的功的损失和回热器的热漏损失进行了分析 ;给出了行波热声热机回热器的优化结构 ;对于设计行波型热声发动机有非常重要的理论指导意义。     

Energy flow measurements in acoustic waves in a duct

Where, how much and how efficiently the energy conversion takes place in a regenerator of a thermoacoustic engine are expressed using the axial distribution of acoustic work flow and heat flow. As a first step in determining the energy flows inside the regenerator, measuring methods of the work flow are briefly described and the experimental results in an acoustic resonator are shown. Applicability of these methods to the regenerator is discussed.     

Synthetical optimization of the structure dimension for the thermoacoustic regenerator

The quantitative investigation of parameters in the renegerator is essential for the optimization of thermoacoustic devices, while the majority of the previous research only considered parameters of the working field, working gas and the hydraulic radius. Based on the linear thermoacoustic theory, this paper extracts a normalized parameter for low-amplitude conditions, which is called the regenerator operation factor. By extracting the regenerator operation factor and relative hydraulic radius, the influence of frequency on the efficiency can be controlled and offset. It can be found that thermoacoustic devices with different frequencies can perform the same efficiency by adjusting the radius in proportion to the axial length. Finally, this paper synthetically optimizes the dimension of the thermoacoustic regenerator by taking the regenerator operation factor, relative hydraulic radius and acoustic field parameter as variables. Conclusions in this paper are of great significance for explaining the best working conditions of engines and directing the miniaturization and optimal design of thermoacoustic devices.     

回热器功产生的临界温度梯度研究

热声机械作为一种能量转化装置，能够不通过运动部件将热量转变成压力波输出，实现这一功能的关键部件就是回热器，本文讨论了丝网型回热器能在纯行波状态下起振的临界温度梯度与结构参数及运行参数的关系。     

Open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustics: mean temperature difference at the regenerator interface

In an open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustic engine, the hot heat exchanger is replaced by a steady flow of hot gas into the regenerator to provide the thermal energy input to the engine. The steady-state operation of such a device requires that a potentially large mean temperature difference exist between the incoming gas and the solid material at the regenerator's hot side, due in part to isentropic gas oscillations in the open space adjacent to the regenerator. The magnitude of this temperature difference will have a significant effect on the efficiencies of these open cycle devices. To help assess the feasibility of such thermoacoustic engines, a numerical model is developed that predicts the dependence of the mean temperature difference upon the important design and operating parameters of the open cycle thermoacoustic engine, including the acoustic pressure, mean mass flow rate, acoustic phase angles, and conductive heat loss. Using this model, it is also shown that the temperature difference at the regenerator interface is approximately proportional to the sum of the acoustic power output and the conductive heat loss at this location.     

回热器的热声直流模型及其效应研究

本文由基本的守恒方程出发,获得了能描述回热器存在声直流时的非线性动力学模型及由此而导致的非线性时均热力学效应。根据所得到的模型,考察了声直流对临界声功产生率温度梯度、回热器温度分布以及脉冲管制冷性能的影响。     

Heat transfer and force balance approaches in bubble dynamic study during subcooled flow boiling of water–ethanol mixture

In this paper, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure water, water–ethanol mixture and pure ethanol is determined experimentally in horizontal rectangular channels for various parameters like heat flux, mass flux and channel inlet temperatures. Flow visualization is carried out using high speed camera. The bubble departure diameter, growth period and waiting period of bubbles are determined. Correlations are developed for subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number of water–ethanol mixture based on force balance approach and heat transfer approach. The parameters considered for correlation are grouped as dimensionless numbers by Buckingham π-theorem. The significance of each dimensionless number on heat transfer coefficient is discussed. The correlations developed for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are validated with the experimental data. They are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the correlation based on force balance approach predicts the subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number well when compared with that of heat transfer approach correlation.